U.S. patent number 3,699,736 [Application Number 04/840,081] was granted by the patent office on 1972-10-24 for building component and system.
Invention is credited to Howard O. Wallace.
United States Patent |
3,699,736 |
Wallace |
October 24, 1972 |
BUILDING COMPONENT AND SYSTEM
Abstract
A building structure, e.g. a house that consists of
generally-similar basic components and that can be economically
manufactured at a location remote from the building site to permit
rapid and simple assembly. The elemental building components
comprise a generally rectangular frame (wood) which is variously
closed at its sides to provide a partial wall, roof or floor. Walls
are shown to include windows, etc. The exterior edges of the basic
component frame define matingly-keyed sections whereby a plurality
of the components may be permanently interlocked by adhesive. The
matingly-keyed edges include an elongate section that is less than
a semi-cylinder and has a width that is less than the frame width.
The female sections (concave) carry an adhesive, either as
encapsulated beads of glue or an adhesive tape bearing a release
sheet. In a structure of the elemental components, the adhesive is
contained between the mating sections (concave and convex) to bond
the building components together.
Inventors: |
Wallace; Howard O. (Kailua,
Oahu, HI) |
Family
ID: |
25281400 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/840,081 |
Filed: |
May 12, 1969 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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617669 |
Feb 21, 1967 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
52/436; 52/580;
52/592.4 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04B
1/10 (20130101); E04B 1/54 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E04B
1/02 (20060101); E04B 1/10 (20060101); E04b
001/10 (); E04b 001/54 () |
Field of
Search: |
;52/173,436,580,593,595 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Perham; Alfred C.
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuing application of Ser. No. 617,669
filed Feb. 21, 1967 entitled BUILDING COMPONENT AND SYSTEM, now
abandoned.
Claims
I claim:
1. A component building system, as to accomplish an enclosed
structure, comprising:
a first frame member defining an open rectangular configuration
having open sides including first wooden frame beams at the
periphery of said frame;
at least one of said first wooden frame beams at an external edge
thereof defining a single elongate partial semi-cylindrical male
section having a radius of curvature greater than the projection
thereof extending outward from said first frame member in the plane
thereof, said one of said first wooden frame beams having an
external edge further defining a pair of elongate flat side aprons
extending perpendicular to the plane of said first frame on each
side of said partial semi-cylindrical male section;
a second frame member defining an open rectangular configuration
having open sides and including second wooden frame beams at the
periphery of said frame;
at least one of said second frame beams at an external edge thereof
defining a single elongate partial semi-cylindrical female section
recessed to extend into said one of said second wooden frame beams
in the plane thereof the radius of curvature of said female section
being greater than its depth, said one of said second wooden frame
beams having an external edge further defining a pair of elongate
flat side aprons extending perpendicular to the plane of said
second frame on each side of said partial semi-cylindrical female
section, said female section of said second frame member and said
male section of said first frame member defining a closed
cylindrical space therebetween of substantially uniform thickness,
in mating relationship between said external edges of said first
and second frame members;
elastomeric adhesive means in said space, for adhesively securing
said first and second frame members together;
and
panel means affixed to said frame members for at least partially
closing said frame members.
2. A system in accordance with claim 1 further including internal
reinforcing members affixed within said frame member.
3. A building component system according to claim 1 wherein said
panel means includes an exterior panel affixed to close one side of
said frame and an interior panel affixed to close another side of
each of said frames.
4. A component building system in accordance with claim 1 wherein
said aprons are of substantially similar width and occupy
substantially between one-fourth and one-sixth of the total width
of said edges.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In recent years substantial efforts have been exerted to develop
building techniques which would reduce the cost of construction. Of
course, a large portion of construction costs result from jobsite
labor. For example, in the field of residential construction, labor
costs are quite high because structures are erected on the jobsite
from elemental building materials. That is, conventional practice
in the residential construction industry involves erection of a
lumber frame, fastened together with nails, and upon which shelter
materials are affixed to close the building.
As a general consideration, jobsite labor is considerably more
expensive than factory labor and furthermore rates of productivity
on a jobsite are considerably less than in a factory. As a result
of these differences, certain building structures have been
previously proposed with the objective of economically
prefabricating buildings for jobsite assembly. Although such
techniques have been proposed and reduced to practice in some
instances, in general, prefabrication of residential and other
buildings has not come into widespread use. One of the problems
involved with prior prefabrication techniques has involved the
large number of completely different detailed pieces which had to
be fabricated. That is, the construction of widely different pieces
in a factory affords little saving over conventional practices of
total jobsite construction. Furthermore, considerable difficulty
has been experienced in mating, fitting and fastening prior
prefabricated pieces together as a rigid enduring integral
structure.
SUMMARY
The system hereof involves the use of generally-similar structural
components which are employed for the walls, floor and roof of a
building. The similarity of these structural components affords
considerable economy in their production. The components comprise a
basic frame defining a somewhat rectangular configuration (that may
be provided with reinforcement) and which is formed to provide
matingly keyed edges. The open sides of the frame are closed by one
or more side panels depending on the intended use.
It has been determined that a specific form of fragmentary
cylindrical keyed edge (less than a semicylinder) accomplishes a
mating arrangement which affords a practical economical and lasting
structure. More specifically, the fragmentary cylindrical keyed
edges permit simple and easy joining in a somewhat balanced
relationship. Furthermore, the female or concave edge may contain
an adhesive element which is protected until it fixes abutting
pairs of the structural components together.
In assembly, the basic components are formed to provide the
structural framework of the building as well as the protective
shell. Nails, or other fasteners requiring skilled labor and
presenting other difficulties may be omitted from the building.
Thus, various objects of a practical, economical and rapid system
of construction are provided, which system may be effectively used
for example in the erection of residential buildings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The drawing, disclosing an illustrative embodiment of the present
invention to exhibit the various objects and advantages hereof,
sets forth as follows:
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary front elevation view of a structure
incorporating the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a building component
employed in the structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken through a
portion of the structure of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 disclosing an alternative
structure hereof;
FIG. 4A is an enlarged fragmentary view of FIG. 4;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view taken vertically through a
portion of the structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view taken through
another portion of the structure of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken through a
junction structure in accordance herewith.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENT
Referring initially to FIG. 1, there is shown a portion of a
residential building constructed in accordance with the present
invention. The building is supported and anchored to a foundation
or footing 10 directly supporting the structural walls 12. A view
window 14, and a louvred light and air window 16 are integrated in
the structure along with a door 18. The roof 20 is supported by the
structural walls 12 as considered in detail below. The various
structures that can be accomplished by the system hereof are
limited only by imagination of the designer; therefore, FIG. 1 is
merely illustrative of one portion of a rather simple building
structure erected in accordance herewith. In the building as shown,
the walls 12, the roof 20 and the floor are all formed of similar
elemental components. These components are joined together along
their edges which define elongate, symmetrical partial
semicylindrical sections that provide several distinct advantages
in mating to form an integral structure. One form of the basic
building component is shown in FIG. 2 and will now be considered in
detail.
A somewhat rectangular frame 22 basic to the component, is defined
by vertical beams 24 and 26 which join in corner abutment with
horizontal beams 28 and 30. In one successful embodiment, these
beams have been cut from 3.times. 3 inch lumber and the frames
formed to outside dimensions of 9.times. 4 feet. The horizontal
beams 28 and 30 as shown in FIG. 2 define external male keyed
edges. Specifically upper and lower edges define male cylindrical
sections 32 and 34 which extend substantially the full exterior
length along the beams 28 and 30 respectively. The male sections 32
and 34 are symmetrically eentered on the beam edges and define less
than a semicylinder possessing a width that is somewhat less than
the width of the beams. As a result, flat aprons 31 and 33 are
provided on either side of the male sections. A similar cylindrical
male section is provided on the exterior surface of the vertical
beam 26 while a mating concave or female section 26 is defined in
the opposed beam 24.
It has been found desirable to provide the combined width of the
aprons over approximately one fourth to one sixth the total edge of
a beam. Therefore, for example, the aprons might each be 3/8 inch
wide while the width of the male or female section is 17/8
inches.
As indicated, the frame 22 is defined as a generally open
rectangular frame incorporating lap corner joints which may be
accomplished with any of a variety of adhesives or fasteners. The
beams in the frame 22 are wood in the illustrative embodiment as
are vertical reinforcing members 38 and traversing horizontal
reinforcing members 30. The reinforcing members 38 and 40 are bored
to provide vents 42 into the inner cavities 44 which allows air to
move from cavity to cavity 44 to equalize the temperatures of dead
air spaces. Insulation bats 46 or other insulating medium may be
used to block sound and so on. The interior of the frame may be
variously reinforced and closed; however, as shown in FIG. 2, the
open sides of the frame 22 are closed by an exterior panel 48 and
an interior panel 50. The panels 48 and 50 may be lapped over the
edges if the frame 22, as by an extension 52 shown at the bottom of
the exterior panel 48 as for lapping the building foundation or
another component. The panels may comprise a variety of materials;
however, in one instance of actual practice, exterior plywood has
been found successful for use as the exterior panel 48 and tempered
hardboard has been found successful as the interior panel 50. These
panels may be affixed to the basic frame with glue or
fasteners.
The component structure as shown in FIG. 2 may be varied by
different closures for the basic frame to accomplish particular
architectural objectives, depending upon whether the component is
to be integrated in a roof, a floor, or a wall. For example, glass,
plastic, roofing, flooring or virtually any sheet building material
can be used as a closure panel. However, the basic component or
modular unit remains substantially unchanged even though used in a
floor or roof. That is, the basic unit incorporating a frame
defining the matingly-keyed edges (as described) is readily
adaptable for use in various locations of a building.
The building components as shown in FIG. 2 are adhesively joined
along the mating edges and may include over lapping panels as
shown. The female or concave edge may receive adhesive at the time
it is manufactured. In one form hereof, the adhesive comprises a
tape 54 (FIG. 3) bearing a release sheet 56. The tape 54 carries an
adhesive and may comprise various materials one of which is a
porous resiliently-deformable material that is saturated with an
elastomeric adhesive as neoprene. In an alternative arrangement
adhesive is provided as encapuslated glue beads 60 (FIG. 4)
suspended in a suitable carrier 62, the beads or capsules being
readily fracturable upon the application of pressure. The beads 64
may be held in place by a carrier of methyl-cellulose. It is to be
noted that the placement of the adhesive within the female or
concave section 61 between the aprons 63 and 65 affords
considerable protection for the adhesive while the component is
transported and handled.
It is also to be noted in FIGS. 3, 4, and 7 that as previously
explained, the radius of curvature of the female section 61 is
greater than the depth. This particular feature provides the "less
than semicylinder section" of previous reference, and affords
considerable advantage in assembling the component structures. In
this regard, it has also been found desirable to provide a slightly
increased radius for the female sections over that of the male
sections to accomplish more effective mating, i.e. some
tolerance.
In considering the manner in which the basic components hereof are
variously used, as in the structure of FIG. 1, reference will now
be had to sectional FIGS. 5, 6 and 7. Initially referring to FIG.
5, there is shown a vertical sectional view through an interior
wall 66 along with contiguous sections of the ceiling 68 and floor
70. The wall 66 includes interior panels 72 and 74 which may be
formed as continuous sheets or partial sheets joined as by a scarf
joint 76. The wall 74 incorporates reinforcing members 78 as shown
along with an upper horizontal beam 80 and a lower horizontal beam
82. In this particular application, the panels 72 and 74 extend to
cover frame beams 80 and 82 which are edged with female sections 84
and 86 respectively, which matingly engage male sections 88 and 90
that are adhesively secured respectively to the ceiling 68 and the
floor 70 as at the factory. Of course, the mating engagement is
permanently accomplished by adhesive or glue disposed therebetween
as described above.
The ceiling 68 is formed by a building component as previously
described with reference to FIG. 2, incorporating: the basic frame
(not shown), side panels 88, and an interior support member 90. The
panel 88 carrying the roofing layer 92 may be preformed.
The floor 70 comprises a typical floor panel formed on the basic
frame and includes a panel 94 that is surfaced with floor covering
96, and an exterior panel 98. The floor 70 also includes
reinforcing members 100 as shown, and is provided support, as by a
footing 102 placed under the interior wall.
Another roof and wall section is shown in FIG. 6 and affords a
variation from that previously described. Specifically, FIG. 6
shows a ceiling formed by abuting building components 104 and 106
which are maintained in locking engagement by keyed edges along
with an interior wall defined by a component 108. The components
104 and 106 include frame beams 110 and 112 respectively which have
matingly keyed edges on perpendicular parallel surfaces, the
vertical surfaces 114 of which are matingly engaged while the
horizontal surfaces 116 matingly engage a double-section beam 118
comprising a part of the component 108. Of course, as previously
described, each of the fragmentary cylindrical keyed edges are
adhesively secured together with a mating member.
FIG. 7 is a sectional view through a mating joint. Specifically, a
frame beam 122 defines a male keyed section 128 which is matingly
received in a female section 130 of a beam 132 to provide the
closed cylindrical space (occupied by adhesive 133) of
substantially uniform thickness. Thus, any of a wide variety of
structures can be accomplished in the keyed-frame components
constructed in accordance herewith.
Considering the manufacture of building components constructed in
accordance with the principles set forth herein, the basic frame
beams may be manufactured of timbers employing any of a variety of
linear machines to accomplish the fragmentary semicylinder keyed
male and female sections. For example, the female section may be
formed by router techniques utilizing blades under which the beam
passes. Similar machines may be employed to accomplish the male
sections. Alternatively, if the beams are manufactured of other
materials, e.g. plastic aluminum or the like, they may be extruded
with the desired cross section.
After forming the beams, the frames are constructed and closed in
accordance with the intended use of a particular component. The
similarity of the frames results in considerable saving in
production costs. In accordance with various construction needs,
the closure panels may comprise tempered hardboard, plywood,
plasterboard, asphalt board, glass, door frames, roofing, flooring,
and so on.
In the design of a particular building, e.g. the residential
building as shown in FIG. 1, a large number of somewhat-standard
components will be employed, e.g. the standard wall component as
shown in FIG. 2. Additionally, certain special components will be
required as window-bearing components ceiling-joint components and
so on. One of the great economies hereof stems from the fact that
most of the components are standard. Furthermore, the non-standard
components may be readily and easily formed utilizing the basic
frame 22 (FIG. 2) sometimes with slight variation. A second great
economy is obtained in the actual assembly or construction of the
building utilizing the components as disclosed herein.
Specifically, due to the partial semicylinder keyed sections on the
frames 22, good mating connection and balance are afforded with
little difficulty. Of course, some temporary brace may be desirable
during erection until the glue or adhesive has set; however, such a
technique presents little or no problem.
Considering the actual mating of a pair of keyed edges, the male
section is simply forced into the groove or female section as shown
in FIGS. 3 and 4. If the structure of FIG. 3 is employed, the
release sheet 56 is removed prior to the union, leaving the tape 54
exposed to engage the male section. Upon forcing the two sections
together the tape 54 (shown enlarged) may be somewhat deformed to
accomplish the desired snug union.
In employing the adhesive bead structure as shown in FIG. 4, the
male section upon forceable engagement with the female section as
shown, fractures the beads 62 dispensing the glue 64 over the
mating interior surfaces. Upon setting, the glue or adhesive bonds
the members into an integral structure capable of withstanding
considerable force and shock. In fact, tests have established that
the glue joint can be stronger than the wood incorporated in the
beams.
As suggested above, various applications in different embodiments
of the basic structure hereof are large in number and it is readily
apparent that the common beam frame defining matingly keyed edges
may be widely adapted for different structures both as to type,
size, and use. As a result, it is to be appreciated that the system
hereof is not to be limited in accordance with the specific
illustrated examples as set forth herein; rather, the scope of the
present invention is to be determined in accordance with the claims
set forth below and forming a part hereof.
* * * * *