U.S. patent number 3,698,091 [Application Number 05/018,915] was granted by the patent office on 1972-10-17 for open gun sights for small arms.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Moroni Corporation. Invention is credited to Alvin S. Merrill, Bill J. Rosenhan.
United States Patent |
3,698,091 |
Merrill , et al. |
October 17, 1972 |
OPEN GUN SIGHTS FOR SMALL ARMS
Abstract
A gun sight for small firearms having applicability to short and
medium range, quick-firing situations and for night-firing has been
invented. The gun sight or aiming device comprises a pair of
U-shaped sights each having a horizontal opening of substantial
width. The horizontal opening of the front sight can be
sufficiently wide to permit sighting of a target therethrough under
conditions of substantial darkness. The U-shaped rear sight has a
horizontal opening sufficiently wide so that at least a portion of
the face of the front side on each side of the U-shaped opening can
be viewed by an operator aiming the weapon. Also, the front sight
may contain on its rear face a pair of rectangular, light-colored
patches having sides coextensive with the upper edge of the sight
and the vertical interior edge of the sight; each patch being
located on opposite sides of the U-shaped opening.
Inventors: |
Merrill; Alvin S. (Salt Lake
City, UT), Rosenhan; Bill J. (Murray, UT) |
Assignee: |
Moroni Corporation (Salt Lake
City, UT)
|
Family
ID: |
21790411 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/018,915 |
Filed: |
March 12, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
42/144 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41G
1/01 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F41G
1/01 (20060101); F41G 1/00 (20060101); F41g
001/00 (); F41g 001/32 (); F41g 011/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;33/47,56,51,52 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
665,662 |
|
1939 |
|
DD |
|
619,588 |
|
1949 |
|
GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Forman; Leonard
Assistant Examiner: Stephan; Steven L.
Claims
We claim:
1. A gun sight for small arms comprising:
a. a U-shaped front sight having upstanding, transversely spaced
right and left vertical-interior-walled posts defining therebetween
a U-shaped sighting opening of sufficient horizontal width to
permit sighting of a target therethrough; and
b. a U-shaped rear sight spaced rearwardly of said front sight and
having upstanding, transversely spaced right and left
vertical-interior-walled posts defining therebetween a U-shaped
sighting opening of sufficient horizontal width, relative to the
distance between said sights and sighting eye placement relative to
the latter, for at least a portion of the right and left posts of
the front sight adjacent to the U-shaped sighting opening to be
visible when viewed by an operator aiming the firearm.
2. The sight of claim 1 wherein said posts of said front sight are
each provided with indented rear surface areas contiguous with said
sighting opening thereof, and a pair of horizontally aligned
sighting markings respectively disposed upon said indented
areas.
3. The gun sight of claim 1 wherein the width of the opening of the
U-shaped rear sight is dimensioned to be sufficiently large that an
object can be viewed therethrough under conditions of substantial
darkness without the vertical sides of the opening appearing to
fuse together and obscure the object.
4. A gun sight for small firearms comprising:
a. a front sight provided with mutually laterally spaced posts
having respective rear faces and a U-shaped sighting opening of
sufficient horizontal width between said posts to permit sighting
of a target therethrough, a pair of light colored patches disposed
on said post rear faces proximate said sighting opening at upper
regions of said posts, each patch being of the same shape and
having substantially the same dimensions, and both patches being
horizontally aligned; and
b. a rear sight spaced from said front sight, positioned relative
to intended sighting eye placement, and having a U-shaped sighting
opening of sufficient horizontal width for at least a portion of
said rear faces of said right and left posts of the front sight
adjacent to the said U-shaped sighting opening and the said pair of
patches on said rear faces to be visible when viewed by an operator
aiming the firearm, said rear sight being dimensioned to mask out,
relative to the viewer, the remainder of said front sight.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The development of gun sights for rifles, handguns and the like for
military and sport use has generally been directed towards
developing an accurate sighting or aiming device for medium to long
range firing. There have been few apparent efforts to devise an
efficient sight for short to medium range, quick-firing situations.
The technique of quickly firing at short range has involved merely
pointing the weapon at the target without the use of the sighting
means. This has been necessitated because the sighting means on
personnel weapons have not been designed for quick-firing at short
range. In sport guns the type of sight utilized for quick firing is
illustrated by the bead sight on shotguns. The shooter, in effect,
merely looks down the barrel of the gun without any accurate
sighting means.
Open sights of a conventional type are illustrated in U.S. Pat. No.
1,818,381 of Caruth, U.S. Pat. No. 837,563 of Hartmann, U.S. Pat.
No. 2,488,836 of Sweetman, U.S. Pat. No. 821,821 of Nickerson,
811,267 of Andrus, and U.S. Pat. No. 154,871 of Johnson. None of
these patents, however, disclose a pair of U-shaped, open sights
and none are directed towards solving the problem of quickly and
accurately aiming a weapon on targets at short ranges. The
disclosure of peep or V-notched rear sights in the above patents
indicates that long-range accuracy was of prime importance and that
such sights could not have been quickly located and aligned on a
target.
U.S. Patent 2,335,881 of Persinger illustrated a pair of slotted,
open sights as auxiliary sights to align a detachable sighting bar
with the fixed sights of a weapon. At page 2, column 2, lines 7 et
seq. it is explained that the slotted sights are not used and
apparently could not be used, to sight on a target. The sights
attached to the detachable sighting bar are used to sight upon a
target, and these sights are conventional in design.
OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION
The objectives of the invention are:
To provide a sight for daytime use in quick-firing situations at
short to medium range;
To provide a sight for accurate firing under conditions of
semi-darkness at close range;
To provide a sight for accurate quick-firing which do not interfere
with the use of conventional sights attached to the firearm.
INVENTION
This invention relates to a novel open sight for firearms. This
sight is useful in daylight and night firing and is especially
useful for quick-firing at targets at short to medium range. The
sight is primarily intended for use with small arms such as rifles,
pistols, machine guns, shotguns and similar weapons.
The gun sight comprises a front sight having a U-shaped opening of
sufficient width to permit sighting of a target therethrough in
daylight or under conditions of semi-darkness, and a rear sight
having a U-shaped opening sufficiently wide for at least a portion
of the face of said front sight on each side of the U-shaped
opening to be viewed by an operator aiming the weapon.
A combination of U-shaped open sights for front and rear
positioning on a weapon is unique. Also, the horizontal opening of
each sight is greater than that ordinarily used in conjunction with
firearms. The sights are utilized for aiming at targets and are
preferably located on the barrel and/or receiver of the weapon in
alignment with the longitudinal axis of the bore. The sights are
preferably located in the vertical plane which contains the
longitudinal axis of the bore.
The gun sight of this invention is particularly useful for quickly
firing small arms since the sights are readily located and aligned
with a target, making the weapon more accurate for quick-firing at
short ranges. Also, the width of the opening of the front and rear
sights permits a target to be located under conditions of limited
natural light. Typical sights utilizing a single post as a front
sight tends to obscure the target under conditions of limited
visibility while typical peep or notch rear sights are difficult to
locate and can't be used for quick-firing of a weapon.
The novel U-shaped sights of this invention may be readily
illuminated by positioning in or near the body of said sights a
light source which can be seen by an operator of the firearm when
aiming same. Illuminated sights of this type are described and
claimed in copending application, Ser. No. 18,999 of Bill J.
Rosenhan, one of the coinventors of the instant invention.
Further description of the invention may be facilitated by
reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a front and rear sight positioned
on a gun barrel;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a front sight embodiment;
FIG. 3 is an elevational view of the muzzle face of a front
sight;
FIG. 4 is an elevational view of the rear faces of the front and
rear sights when viewed in alignment; the rear face of the rear
sight being shaded by vertical lines.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a gun barrel 1 having attached
thereto an open, U-shaped, front sight 2 and an open, U-shaped,
rear sight 3. The front sight 2 located near the muzzle end of the
barrel 1 has a U-shaped or rectangular opening 4 with wings or
posts 5 on each side of the opening. The width and vertical depth
of the opening 4 in the front gun sight 2 are not a function of one
another except to the extent that the opening must have sufficient
width and depth to embrace a substantial portion of a target within
the opening when viewed by a shooter. The depth of the opening is
generally as great as the width. The front sight 2 is illustrated
with patches of lighter color 6 on each side of the U-shaped
opening 4 and covering a rectangular area at the junction of the
vertical side 7 of the U-shaped opening 4 and the top surface 8 of
each post or wing 5. The light colored patch is preferably included
on sights of weapons intended for firing under lighted or
semi-lighted conditions. The patches are placed on the rear face of
the front sight and assist in aligning the rear and front sights on
the target. The rear sight preferably contains no light colored
patches.
The rear sight 3 shown in FIG. 1 is similar in configuration to the
front sight 2. The horizontal width of the U-shaped opening need
not be as large as that of the front sight 2 although it must be
sufficiently large that a portion of the right and left posts
adjacent to the U-shaped opening of front sight 2 may be seen when
viewed by an operator of the rifle or weapon sighting through the
rear sight 3. The dimensions of the rear sight need not bear any
specific correlation to the dimensions of the front sight although
it is preferred that the dimensions of the U-shaped opening of the
rear sight 3 be proportional to the dimensions of the U-shaped
opening of the front sight 2.
The width of the U-shaped opening of both the front and rear sight
should be sufficiently large that an object can be viewed
therethrough under conditions of substantial darkness without the
vertical sides of the U-shaped opening appearing to fuse together
and obscure the object. If such a width is maintained for the
sights it is found the sights are also readily located for quick
firing in daytime conditions with excellent accuracy at short and
medium ranges, that is, ranges of about 200 yards and less. It has
been found that a minimum horizontal opening of about one-half inch
for a front sight located about 2 and 1/2 feet to 3 feet from the
eye of the operator of the weapon is satisfactory for nighttime
use. For firearms intended only for daylight use the front sight
opening may be as small as about one-fourth inch for a front sight
similarly located.
The closer the front sight is located to the eye of the operator,
the smaller may be the horizontal opening of the sight; and
conversely the farther from the eye the sight is located the
greater the horizontal opening required. Once the width of the
opening of the front sight is determined then the width of the
opening of the rear sight is fixed inasmuch as a portion of the
pair of vertical posts bracketing the U-shaped opening of the front
sight must be viewable when sighting through the rear sight. Thus,
the horizontal opening of the rear sight will optically appear
larger since it is closer to the eye of an operator, but it may, in
fact, have an absolute measurement less than the front sight.
The sights illustrated in FIG. 1 need not have any substantial
thickness and may be constructed of relatively thin, rigid
material. The vertical edges of the U-shaped opening are preferably
parallel to one another and are generally perpendicular to the base
of the U-shaped opening with the interior vertical walls of the
posts and the said base forming a sight opening wall W of
U-configurement. The base of the U-shaped opening is substantially
the same width as the top although the intersection of the base of
the opening and the vertical walls may be somewhat rounded.
The novel sights having U-shaped or depending openings are
illustrated in FIG. 1 as being additional sights. The depth of the
U-shaped openings may be sufficient to permit the traditional peep
hole or V-shaped rear sight B and post front sight A to be seen
through the bottom portions of the U-shaped openings. A substantial
portion of the U-shaped opening of the front sight projects above
the top of the post sight A so that said post cannot interfere with
the quick-aiming or nighttime use of sights 2 and 3.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a front sight. The sight of FIG. 2
has substantial thickness and for this reason the walls forming the
U-shaped opening are tapered so that the opening at the front or
nuzzle face of the sight is wider than the opening at the rear face
of the sight. A taper on each wall is preferred so that an operator
aiming through the sight will see only the rear face or rear
indented surface area 12 of the vertical walls 10 and therefore see
a sharp line. The angle C illustrated in FIG. 2 has a minimum value
of about 4.degree. and can have substantially greater values
although the maximum included angle would be limited by the length
of the sight, i.e., a greater included angle of taper can be
utilized with very thin sights than with those of substantial
thickness. The top surface 11 of each post or wing is also tapered
so that the rear edge of the top surface is higher than the forward
edge. Again, the purpose of tapering is to provide a sharp visible
edge at the rear face of the sight to the operator of the weapon.
Since the base of the U-shaped opening is not utilized in aiming a
weapon, it need not be tapered although it may be.
The rear face 12 of the sight illustrated in FIG. 2 may be recessed
partly or offset from the forward edge 9 of the sight. Having the
face 12 slightly offset aids in protecting that portion of the
sight from physical damage. The light colored square or rectangular
area 13 is located at the interior edge of the face of the
sight.
FIG. 3 is an elevational view of a front sight or rear sight
looking from the muzzle of a weapon towards the stock or breach of
the weapon. This view illustrates the interior walls 10A of the
U-shaped opening tapering outwardly towards the front of the sight
and similarly the top surface of the vertical post 5 tapering
downwardly from the rear portion of the sight to the front face of
the sight. This view shows a pair of lugs or ears 14 extending
above the top surface 10A of the sight. These ears 14 are also
recessed from the side of the sights so that a panel or other cover
may be attached to either side of the sight. Such a panel or
covering may be a functional part of the sight when the sight
contains a light source and a power supply or whenever the sight
must be attached to existing sights by adaptive means.
The alignment of the rear sight and front sight during aiming of a
weapon carrying such sights is illustrated in FIG. 4. The top
surfaces 11 of each sight forms a continuous line. To the
positioned sighting-eye of the user the light colored patches 13 of
the front signt are shown as completely filling the horizontal
width of the rear surface, vertical side margins bounding the
opening of the front sight as exposed to view between the vertical
interior walls of each side of the rear sight. This is a preferred
arrangement although as indicated above, the light colored patch
may be omitted altogether or the light colored patch may extend
only a short distance from the vertical wall 10 of the front sight
across the rear face of the front sight.
FIG. 4 also illustrates a novel U-shaped open front sight with a
traditional post sight 15 as an integral part thereof. The post
preferably projects upward only a portion of the height of the
opening of the front sight. Such a front sight may be used in
conjunction with a traditional fold down peep sight which may be
raised to sight accurately upon long range targets, e.g., targets
at distances greater than 200 yards. If desired the U-shaped rear
sight could contain a peep opening in the center of its base or a
small V-shaped open sight could be cut in the center of the base of
the U-shaped opening without detracting from the use of U-shaped
open sights for quick-firing and nighttime use.
The novel sights of this invention can be readily constructed of
rigid materials. Plastics are especially useful since they are
light weight and easily cast. Preferred plastics are the
thermosetting resins such as polyesters, polycarbonates,
polyurethanes, epoxies and the like. Metals, such as aluminum,
steel or the like can also be used.
As indicated hereinabove, a pair of open U-shaped sights offers
advantages over traditional sights when quick-firing or night
firing of a weapon is involved. The sight of a rifle should have a
minimum width of about one-half inch for either purpose when the
front sight is about 2 feet or more from the eye. The rear sight
opening will generally have different absolute dimensions in order
for the sights to appear optically similar. However, for handguns
the rear and front sights may be substantially identical in size
because of the close proximity of the sights to one another.
The rear sight of a rifle, however, preferably has different
dimensions than the front sight so that the sights will appear
substantially identical when sighted through, as illustrated in
FIG. 4. The dimensions of the rear sight, for example, can be
computed from knowledge of the dimensions of the front sight, the
distance between the front sight and the rear sight and the average
distance between the rear sight and the eye of an operator aiming
the particular weapon to be equipped with the open sights. Since
the eye of the operator is the point at which light converges, then
simple geometric formulas applied to triangles can be used to
compute the rear sight dimensions.
The sight dimensions are established by the distance the sight is
located from the eye. As indicated hereinabove, the width of the
sight opening should be at least about one-quarter inch and
preferably one-half inch for a sight located 24 inches from the eye
of the operator of the weapon. Although the opening can be wider,
for example, an increase of 100 percent over the minimum width
required, very little variation below the minimum can be tolerated
and for best operation the width should be not more than 10 percent
narrower nor more than 50 percent greater than the recommended
minimum. At a distance of about fifteen inches from the eye, a rear
sight could be about one-half the width of a front sight located 30
inches from the eye.
In effect, the dimensions of a sight useful at night can be
computed by using one-half inch as the standard opening width for a
sight located about 24 to 30 inches from the eye of an operator. By
allowing X to be the width of the opening to be determined and Y
the distance in inches of such sight to the eye then the ratio is
X/ 1/2 = Y/ 30. Since Y is generally known, the equation can be
solved for X wherein X = 1/2(Y/ 30). The equation can be
generalized by allowing W to be the known dimension of the front
sight and Z to be the distance that sight is from the eye; the
equation becoming X = W(Y/Z ). Other dimensions than width can be
computed from this formula since it is desirable to have the rear
sight, for example, proportional in size and shape to the front
sight. The width of the opening of the rear sight, however, will
generally not be exactly proportional to the front sight since it
is desirable to be able to view portions of the twin posts of the
front sight through the rear sight. For example, a front sight
having a one-half inch wide opening located 27 inches from the eye
could be used in conjunction with a rear sight nine inches from the
eye and opening of one-sixth of an inch if exact proportions were
used. However, in this situation, in order to view portions of the
twin posts of the front sight it is preferred that such a rear
sight opening be about one-quarter inch.
For the general purposes of this invention, rifles, shotguns, and
like weapons can be fitted with a rear sight having a minimum
opening width of about one-fourth inch, and if the front sight is
between about 2 feet and 3 feet from the eye, an opening width of
one-half inch is appropriate. If such firearms are intended only
for daylight use the dimensions may be about one-half those
described in this paragraph. As indicated elsewhere herein, the
depth of the U-shaped opening is preferably at least as great as
the width and the combined widths of the twin posts on each side of
the opening is preferably substantially the same as the width of
the opening. The field of view for sights of this invention at
about 200 yards is preferably between about 50 inches and 100
inches for all-purpose use, while a field of view of at least about
100 inches at 200 yards is preferred for night-sights.
In the above discussion, the term "width" refers to horizontal
dimension at the rear face of a sight while "depth" refers to
vertical dimension at the same face.
Although the instant invention has been described hereinabove by
reference to specific embodiments, it is not intended that the
invention be limited solely thereto, but to include all the
variations and modifications falling within the scope of the
appended claims.
* * * * *