U.S. patent number 3,695,006 [Application Number 05/083,504] was granted by the patent office on 1972-10-03 for vacuum cleaner.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Dynamics Corporation of America. Invention is credited to William J. Conlon, Bruno M. Valbona, Harry M. Voglesonger.
United States Patent |
3,695,006 |
Valbona , et al. |
October 3, 1972 |
VACUUM CLEANER
Abstract
A multi-speed electrically driven, lightweight vacuum cleaner
with a switch manually held closed for momentary extra high speed
and air volume surge. A warning light responsive to rising
temperature of motor cooled by filtered exhaust air passing through
the motor indicates when a filter bag should be emptied.
Inventors: |
Valbona; Bruno M. (Avon,
CT), Conlon; William J. (New Britain, CT), Voglesonger;
Harry M. (Riverton, CT) |
Assignee: |
Dynamics Corporation of America
(New York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
22178764 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/083,504 |
Filed: |
October 23, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
96/420; 15/319;
15/344; 15/347; 15/412; 55/DIG.3; 55/357; 55/361; 55/467 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47L
9/19 (20130101); A47L 9/2805 (20130101); A47L
5/24 (20130101); A47L 9/2842 (20130101); A47L
9/2857 (20130101); Y10S 55/03 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A47L
9/28 (20060101); A47L 5/24 (20060101); A47L
5/22 (20060101); A47L 9/10 (20060101); A47L
9/19 (20060101); B01d 046/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;55/210,212,215,217,270,274,361,467,471,472
;15/319,339,412,344,347 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Talbert, Jr.; Dennis E.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A portable electrically powered vacuum cleaner for household use
having a variable speed motor-blower with a stator utilizing a
plurality of field coils, an accessible compartment for a filter
bag and means for conducting the flow of air through a filter bag
in the compartment, the combination of
means for conducting flow of air from the filter bag in the
compartment through the motor to cool the stator of the motor,
manually settable switch means connected to said field coils for
varying the speed of the motor-blower to control the volume flow of
air through said bag and motor stator within a range of working
speeds,
manually held switch means including a switch and impedance varying
motor circuit connections to increase the wattage of electrical
current through said motor to surge the volume flow of air through
said bag and motor stator at a speed higher than said range of
speeds, and
means responsive to the temperature of said stator core for
indicating critical changes of permeability of said bag to air flow
therethrough for all speeds respectively.
2. The vacuum cleaner defined in claim 1 in which said settable
switch means includes a half wave electrical current rectifier and
said manually held switch means includes a switch shunting said
rectifier.
3. The vacuum cleaner defined in claim 1 in which said manually
held switch means includes permutable switches changing
motor-blower field coil connections between series and parallel
configurations to change their composite impedance.
4. The vacuum cleaner defined in claim 1 in which said settable
switch means includes permutation switches selectively connecting
in series with each other two separately operative circuits of
series connected pairs of field coils to provide a high impedance
field, one of the series circuits including a half wave rectifier
shunted by a switch controlled by one of said switch means.
5. The vacuum cleaner defined in claim 4 in which said one of said
switch means is the settable switch means.
6. The vacuum cleaner defined in claim 1 including
resilient means urging said manually held switch means to a resting
position in which the impedance controlled thereby is the
highest.
7. An electrically powered portable vacuum cleaner for household
use having an accessible compartment for a filter bag and means for
conducting the flow of air through a filter bag in the compartment
and including
1. a variable speed motor-blower whose field core includes a
plurality of stator poles and a plurality of field coils thereon
and an armature driving a blower to force air through said filter
bag,
2. manually operated switch means including
a. an electrical connection including a first switch to connect two
field coils in series electrically to provide a high impedance
field on the field core for a low speed performance,
b. an electrical connection including a second switch shunting one
coil and said first switch,
c. an electrical connection including a third switch shunting the
other coil and said first switch, said second and third switches
connecting the coils in parallel to provide a low impedance field
on the field core in series with the armature for high speed
performance,
3. an electrical current flow reducing means in series with the
armature and said two field coils,
4. manually operated switch means controlling the current flow
reducing means and movable alternately to two positions in one of
which a low impedance is presented to the current flow for a high
speed performance and the other position a high impedance is
presented to the current flow in the circuit for low speed
performance, and
5. resilient means urging one of said switch means to a resting
position of high impedance and manually movable in coaction with
the other switch means to provide a composite low impedance speed
surge flow of air through said filter bag.
8. The vacuum cleaner defined in claim 7 in which said current flow
reducing means includes a half wave rectifier and said switch means
controlling the current flow shunts the rectifier in its low
impedance position.
9. The vacuum cleaner defined in claim 8 in which said resilient
means actuates the half wave rectifier switch means.
10. The vacuum cleaner defined in claim 7 in which said resilient
means urges the first mentioned switch means to its high impedance
position.
11. The vacuum cleaner defined in claim 7 in which said flow
reducing means is a second pair of field coils inductively coupled
with said stator core and connected in series with the armature,
and
said switch means controlling said flow reducing means including a
fourth switch connection to connect the second pair of field coils
in series, a fifth switch connection to shunt one of the second
pair of coils and said fourth switch, and a sixth switch connection
to shunt the other of the second pair of coils an said fourth
switch, said fifth and sixth switches connecting the second pair of
coils in parallel and opening said fourth switch to provide a low
field impedance.
12. An electrically powered portable vacuum cleaner for household
use having an accessible compartment for a filter bag and means for
conducting the flow of air through a filter bag in the compartment
and including
a variable speed motor-blower whose field core includes a plurality
of stator poles and a plurality of field coils thereon connected in
series circuit with an armature between two power connections to
drive a blower and force air through said filter bag,
an electrical connection including a first switch to connect two of
said field coils electrically in series,
an electrical connection including a second switch to connect two
other field coils in series and in series with the armature,
an electrical current flow reducing means in series with one of
said electrical connections,
manually operated switch means controlling the current flow
reducing means and being movable alternately between two positions
in one of which a low impedance is presented to the flow of current
in said one of the connections and the other of which a high
impedance is presented to the flow of current in the circuit,
an electrical connection including a third switch to connect one of
said two field coils in series with one of the power
connections,
an electrical connection including a fourth switch to connect the
other of said two field coils in series with the other one of said
power connections,
manual means for alternately closing said first and second switches
as a unit and said third and fourth switches as a unit,
means urging the last said manual means to close the switches in
the connections having said flow reducing means in series
therewith.
13. The vacuum cleaner defined in claim 12 in which said four
switches constitute a double pole double throw type switch.
14. The vacuum cleaner defined in claim 12 in which the first
mentioned switch is a double pole single throw switch with an OFF
position.
15. The vacuum cleaner defined in claim 12 including a rectifier
connected in series in said series circuit,
switch means connected in said series circuit in parallel with said
rectifier, and
manual means for actuating the last mentioned switch means.
16. The vacuum cleaner defined in claim 15 in which the said two
field coils are connected at one end to the armature, and
said two other field coils are connected in series with said
rectifier.
17. An electrically powered portable vacuum cleaner for household
use having an accessible compartment for a filter bag and means for
conducting the flow of air through a filler bag in the compartment
and including
a variable speed motor-blower whose field core includes a plurality
of stator poles and a plurality of field coils thereon collectively
connected in series circuit with an armature between two power
connections to drive the motor blower and force air through said
filter bag,
an electrical connection connecting two of said field coils
electrically in series as a unit,
an electrical connection connecting two other field coils in series
as a unit
an electrical connection including first switch means to connect
said units in series with each other in said series circuit,
an electrical connection including second switch means to connect
one of said units to shunt the other unit in said series
circuit,
manual means for alternately opening and closing said switch units
oppositely and simultaneously,
means urging the last said manual means to close the first switch
and open said second switch.
18. An electrically powered appliance for household use and
including a variable speed motor and a blower driven thereby for
cooling said motor,
said motor having an armature and a field core including a
plurality of stator poles and a plurality of field coils thereon,
said field coils being collectively connected in series circuit at
one end with said armature,
a first connection connecting said armature to one side of a source
of electrical current and said coils to drive said motor, said
armature being mechanically located between said field coils and
said one side of said source of electrical current,
an electrical connection connecting two of said field coils on
opposite stator poles electrically in series as a unit,
another electrical connection connecting two other of said field
coils on opposite stator poles electrically in series as a
unit,
a third electrical connection including a first switch means to
connect said coil units in series with each other in said series
circuit,
a fourth electrical connection connecting the other end of said
series circuit to the other side of a source of electrical current
and including a second switch means to connect one of said coil
units to shunt the other unit in said series circuit to said second
source of electrical current,
manual means for alternately opening and closing said switch means
oppositely and simultaneously,
means urging the last said manual means to close the first switch
means and open said second switch means.
19. The combination called for in claim 18 in which said third
electrical connection includes an electrical current flow limiting
device, and
switch means for shorting out said device.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE OF RELATED APPLICATION
Valbona et al., filed of even date Oct. 23, 1970, Ser. No. 83,300
for Lightweight Vacuum Cleaner.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
In the general field and use of a household vacuum cleaner for
floor coverings, two speeds, HI and LO, generally provide results
satisfactory to a housewife, but very often conditions arise where
something is on the floor that requires extra time and attention
for its removal, such as threads, tiny pieces of tape and paper,
animal hair, small pebbles, etc., which heretofore require extra
and burdensome manipulation of the pick-up nozzle and generally
along with it the manual lifting of the vacuum cleaner body itself.
This is particularly the situation where the vacuum cleaner is a
hand supported unit. Under these special conditions a surge of
volume air flow, also increases vacuuming conditions at the nozzle
and saves time and user fatigue.
Another problem that repeatedly occurs is the inattentiveness of
the user regarding the emptying of the filter bag as often as it
should be emptied to maintain a proper efficiency for both HI and
LO speeds that is desired for optimum operating conditions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
These problems are met by an extra surge of airflow and vacuum when
desired and by a signal indicating when a filter bag should be
emptied. It is found that both of these cooperate for the user to
maintain the proper efficiency of the vacuum cleaner at all
speeds.
The present invention relates to providing and maintaining the
speed and efficiency of a vacuum cleaner in which a hand set switch
for the motor selects an airflow and vacuum volume speed within a
speed range that a vacuum cleaner will be operated during sustained
use, and a normally open hand switch, momentarily held closed, is
provided to override the hand set switch for momentary extra
performance results at an increased airflow volume and vacuum surge
speed. An automatic switch not only indicates the existence of a
clogged or filled condition of the filter bag that diminishes its
potential efficiency for the sustained operation, but if potential
motor temperature may be different fro HI and surge speeds it also
indicates if the momentary extra performance is being resorted to
more often than would be expected as when the bag should be emptied
more often for surge operation. Overuse of the surge speed thereby
indirectly indicates when a bag should be emptied for that purpose.
Therefore, by the unconscious reaction of the user resulting in an
overuse of the surge button, the user appreciates the situation and
restores normal efficiency of the vacuum cleaner by emptying the
bag. This reduces the need for excess surge use. The end result is
a better overall efficiency, less manipulation fatigue and a saving
in cleaning time. This warning is provided by a simple warning
light responding to the heat of the blower motor that is located
where it is, preferably cooled by the exhaust filtered air going
through it. The less air passing through the filter bag due to
retardation, the less air there is to cool the motor. This results
in a greater accumulation of heat in the motor stator, and a higher
temperature for actuating a signal indicating that for particular
operating conditions the efficiency should be improved by emptying
the filter bag. It is appreciated that such an indicator can cut
out the use of the surge speed, if desired, if there is delay in
emptying the bag.
The speed control in the present invention is accomplished in
several ways usable with several types of motor circuits, namely,
motors having a plurality of single or cowound field coils on the
stator poles which are of the same or different impedances; field
coils connected in series or in parallel, or permutations of both;
or, the electrical power potential is changed by a rectifier or
resistance.
It is preferred that all field coils share energization of the
motor at all speeds and both stator poles are energized at each
speed to assure temperature increase.
Another object of the invention is to utilize a separate power
surge switch that has to be manually held while it is closed so
that it is not inadvertently or easily left on.
A further object is to provide an airflow vacuum surge speed that
is attained without changing the manually set operating speed,
either HI 0r LO, at which the vacuum cleaner was or will be
operating when the surge is turned on or off, respectively.
Another object of the invention is to provide a lightweight vacuum
cleaner that is weight-supported essentially by its nozzle on the
floor at the lower end for full weight agitation of the nap of
carpeting, supported manually at the other end by the user, and is
controlled to effectively reduce the need for repeated passes of
the nozzle over particular areas of the carpeting whereby fatigue
is reduced while improving performance and saving time in a
cleaning operation.
Other and further objects and advantages will appear from the
description and claims which follow.
IN THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a side elevational, partially cut away view of a
lightweight, manually supported vacuum cleaner embodying the
invention;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of a portion of the handle showing the
location of the switches and indicator light;
FIG. 2A is a side elevational cut away view showing the intimate
contact of a signal light thermostat with the outer surface of the
motor stator as shielded from surrounding air in the motor
compartment;
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatical view of a motor control circuit as
controlled by a slide switch and push button switch for a two pole
universal motor stator having four distinct permutatable field
coils;
FIGS. 3A and 3B along with FIG. 3 indicate the three switches
positions for OFF, LO and HI;
FIG. 4 indicates the coil permutations involved with the three
position switch and the surge speed;
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatical view of a single wound coil on each
stator pole utilizing a rectifier with the armature electrically
connected at one side of the field;
FIG. 5A indicates the coil permutations for a surge for each HI and
LO speeds;
FIGS. 6 and 6A are views similar to FIGS. 5 and 5A showing the
permutations of four coils in which all connections are series
connections with a diode in one permutation circuit of the field
coils;
FIG. 7 shows a circuit like that shown in FIG. 6 with the diode in
another permutation circuit of the field coils wherein three speed
choices are available merely by changing location of one of the
switch relations and diode can be used with either one of two of
the speeds and the motor armature is located electrically to one
side of the field coils.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In FIG. 1 is illustrated a lightweight portable vacuum cleaner
having an elongated body 10 with a carrying handle 12 on the main
housing 15, a floor engaging nozzle 14 supported on a tube 16
adjustably telescoping into the body at the lower end, and a
removable motor or upper housing 18 at the other end. The upper
housing 18 has a working handle 20 that curves downwardly for
comfortable use and is provided with a narrow neck portion 22 which
can be gripped by hand as a secondary handle, which terminates in
an enlarged portion 24 having a closed opening 26 therethrough to
receive the fingers of a users hand to serve as a primary handle 28
by which the body and nozzle can be manually moved easily back and
forth over a floor covering by the user's fingers engaging either
end of the handle opening 26.
In front of the primary handle 28 and above the secondary handle 22
are the buttons of a main switch 30, a spring return push button or
slide button for the "surge" switch S, and the bezel of a reminder
red light 32 controlled by a thermal responsive switch 34 (FIG.
2A). The main housing 15 comprises a vacuum compartment 36 which
loosely receives a filter bag 40 therein having porous stiff walls.
The opening at the lower end of the filter bag closed by a plate 42
having an opening receiving the upper end 16A of the tube 16
therethrough opening into the bag. Air filtered through the wall of
the filter bag moves longitudinally through the flutes defined by
the ribs 38 to the open end of the compartment 36 which is closed
by the removable upper housing 18 held by trunk snap fasteners 44
which provide for emptying or renewing the bag 40. The motor 46 is
mounted in the upper housing and drives a blower 48 which draws air
from the compartment 36, and as constrained by a baffle 38 forces
the air through the open space within the motor housing and around
the stator poles of the motor and ejects it through a grille 49 as
indicated by the air flow arrows in FIG. 1.
The thermally responsive switch 34 is preferably a single pole
signal throw switch mounted on the side of the motor, preferably in
direct contact with the field core, and shielded from motor
compartment air by a shield 50 so that the bimetal blade thereof is
influenced almost entirely by the temperature of the motor housing
49 where it is in direct heat exchange contact with the stator core
52 of the motor.
Referring to the motor circuit diagrams of the respective FIGS.,
the circuits illustrated are self explanatory except possibly in
FIG. 5 where the coils C and D are shown electrically connected in
series at one side of the armature. They are physically on separate
poles of the stator and the armature E is physically between them.
Otherwise, the coils are physically associated the same as they are
shown circuitwise.
The switch numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 in the diagrams are
disposed between the two switch contacts that are closed by the
respective movable switch conductors. The field coils that are
wound on the stator poles are indicated by letters A, B, C and D
and are designed and of impedances which provide at least the HI
and LO speeds of conventional vacuum cleaners in the several
embodiments. In the chart FIGS. 3A, 5A and 7 the permutations of
the coils are set forth to represent a series connection , (FIG. 4)
such as AB, and a parallel configuration as by A/B. The switches 1,
2 and 3 that are shown closed as by 2 for series coils AB and
switches 13 for A/B where the coils are connected in parallel (FIG.
4). See switches 4, 5 and 6 similarly arranged (FIGS. 3A and
5A).
As diagrammatically shown in FIG. 3 the air volume surge switch S
is a combination of a single pole single throw for switch 2 and a
double pole single throw switch for switches 1 and 3 in which
slidable bridging conductors 1A and 3A are in continuous contact
with the respective upper terminals of switches 1 and 3 and when
carried downwardly by the dielectric plunger S1 as manually
actuated by push button S2 the terminals of switch 2 are closed.
The plunger movement first moves the bridging conductor 2C away
from and opens the terminals of switch 2. Then, secondly the
conductors 1A and 3A bridges and close switches 1 and 3
respectively which involve the terminals of switch 2
separately.
A spring SS urges the plunger S1 to its original position shown in
FIG. 3 and the manually induced action is to move the switch
manually from a position connecting coils in series AB by switch 2
where the coil impedances are additive for lesser wattage to a
parallel configuration A/B by switches 1 and 3 where the composite
coil impedance is reduced and provide greater wattage for the
increased blower load that occurs at higher speeds.
The same operational effect is provided to vary the impedance and
resulting wattage for coils C and D by a three position switch 30
which comprises a double pole double throw slide switch having
sliding conductors 30A and 30B whose switch contacts 4 and 6 are
open when switch 5 contacts are closed to connect coils C and D in
series CD (FIG. 3B). Switch 5 contacts are opened when switches 4
and 6 contacts are closed to connect coils C and D in parallel C/D
(FIG. 5A) when the slide button 30S is manually actuated to the
position illustrated.
With these two switches there are four permutations with four coils
as shown in FIG. 4, plus the OFF position shown in FIG. 3. The
switches S and 30 can be interchangeably used and also the
impedances of the coils in FIG. 3 can be different and designed to
provide optimum results in the respective permutations. By way of
example, with an inside opening of 1.250 inches in diameter for the
conduit 16 and with a filter bag in place and the nozzle 14 wide
open, the motor, blower and circuitry are designed to rate 15,000
R.P.M. at surge speed, 13,000 R.P.M. at HI and 10,000 R.P.M. at LO
speeds.
In FIGS. 5 and 6 a rectifier R is employed in the motor circuits
for the LO speed settings. These are connected in series with the
motor and shunted by a single pole, single throw switch SR whose
conductor 26C is normally held open by spring SS. Whenever the
switch SR is closed the current applied to the motor is changed
from half wave rectified current to full wave A.C. current to
provide higher wattage and thereby higher speeds.
In FIGS. 5 and 6 there is a surge speed for both HI and LO set
speed operations since the rectifier is controlled by a separate
switch SR and although represented as a push-pull with a center OFF
it, along with switch 30A of FIG. 6, can be a standard single
pole-double throw switch. Switch 30A is urged by spring SS to a
"REG" position while switch SR has a center OFF position.
In FIG. 6 the surge speed switch 30 is related to switching the
coil permutations from ABCD (switch 1 indicated by Reg")
Reg.revreaction.) to BD (switch 2). With switch 30A in Reg position
the SR switch controls HI and LO operations with coils ABCD in
series.
Referring to FIG. 7, although the parallel connected switch SR and
rectifier R can be connected as a unit in series with coil B in the
connection Z between and the common pole CP of switch 1 and 2 would
provide an embodiment in which the surge switch 30 can only be
effective if the vacuum cleaner is in HI or LO operation, it is
preferred to connect the switch SR and switch 30 as units in series
with coil A instead of coil B through the connection Y between the
other pole of switch 1 and coil A as shown in FIG. 7. Then the
surge switch 30 by switches 2 and 3 and coils BC supersedes any
operation of the OFF, LO, HI switch SR. In both instances, however,
of FIGS. 6 and 7 the SR switch unit serves as a speed selector and
switch 30 operates as the spring return surge switch. This is a
modification of the other embodiments where the speed selector
switch 30 is supplied with the spring SS to serve as the surge
switch which normally connects coils A and B and coils C and D in
series through switches 2 and 3, respectively. Thus, in these
embodiments, a closing of the switch 2 (FIG. 6) of switch 30A or
switches 2 and 3 of switch 30 at any time energizes coils BC at
surge speed including the condition when the vacuum cleaner is not
otherwise energized.
Having thus described the invention and various embodiments thereof
it will be appreciated how the stated objects and advantages are
attained, and how various and further modifications can be made
including combining both switches in housing for single
installation purposes or single button control.
* * * * *