U.S. patent number 3,692,201 [Application Number 05/074,753] was granted by the patent office on 1972-09-19 for modular container panel.
Invention is credited to Gerald G. Garduna.
United States Patent |
3,692,201 |
Garduna |
September 19, 1972 |
MODULAR CONTAINER PANEL
Abstract
Modular panels adapted for interdigitated assembly to form
containers of selectable size and shape. Each panel comprises a
generally rectangular sheet of material of thickness t, with a
square notch of size t by t in each corner. Between the corners,
along each edge of the panel, are an odd number of alternating
recesses and projections each of depth t. Preferably, the width of
the end recess or end projection adjacent each corner is B, the
width of all other recesses or projections being A = 2B + t. A
container may be assembled by inserting the projections of one
panel within the recesses of one or more adjacent panels. Because
of its unique configuration, any panel or combination of panels may
be used interchangeably as top, bottom, side or end of the
container.
Inventors: |
Garduna; Gerald G. (Garden
Grove, CA) |
Family
ID: |
22121499 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/074,753 |
Filed: |
September 23, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
217/12R; 217/65;
52/591.2 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
9/12 (20130101); B65D 9/34 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65d 009/34 ();
B65d 009/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;217/65,12 ;287/20.92
;46/31 ;220/6 ;52/108,590 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
171,882 |
|
Jul 1952 |
|
OE |
|
384,191 |
|
Dec 1932 |
|
GB |
|
666,117 |
|
Feb 1952 |
|
GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Schwartz; Raphael H.
Claims
I claim:
1. A planar, generally rectangular modular panel characterized by a
void in each corner, each void including a square area, each side
of said square area being equal in length to the thickness of said
panel, and a plurality of alternating recesses and projections
along each panel edge between said areas, the total number of
recesses and projections along each edge being odd, the projections
or recesses adjacent each area being of a first width, all other
projections and recesses being of a second width equal to twice
said first width plus said thickness, the pattern of recesses and
projections along one edge being the inverse of the pattern along
the opposite edge.
2. A panel as defined in claim 1 wherein the depth of each recess
equals said thickness.
3. A plurality of panels each as defined in claim 1, said panels
being assembled by interdigitation of said recesses and projections
into a structure of selectable shape.
4. A modular container panel comprising a generally rectangular,
planar sheet of thickness t, having a notch in each corner, said
notch including a square void of size t by t, an odd number of
alternating recesses and projections along each edge between said
voids, each recess along one edge being aligned with a projection
of the same size along the opposite edge, the end recess or end
projection adjacent each square void having a width B, all other
recesses or projections having a width A = 2B + t.
5. A panel as defined in claim 4 wherein the depth of each recess
is t.
6. A container formed of a plurality of panels each as defined in
claim 5, projections from one panel being disposed within recesses
of an adjacent panel.
7. A container as defined in claim 6 wherein one edge of a first
panel engages the aligned edges of two adjacent panels, a recess of
width A in said one edge receiving the end projections of width B
of both said adjacent panels and the common notch of width t
therebetween.
8. A container as defined in claim 6 including axially aligned
holes through each of the projections along and parallel to at
least one edge of said panels and a connecting pin extending
through the aligned holes of the interdigitated projections.
9. A panel adapted for interdigitated assembly with one or more
like panels, said panels being generally rectangular and having a
notch in each corner, each notch comprising a square void, all four
edges of said panel being crenelated by an odd number of
alternating projections and recesses of like width except that the
width of the end projection or end recess adjacent each void has a
smaller width, said like width equaling the sum of the length of a
corner void plus the combined width of two end projections or two
end recesses.
10. A panel as defined in claim 9 wherein the length of each square
void and the depth of each recess each equal the thickness of said
panel.
11. At least two panels each as defined in claim 9, and connecter
means for maintaining said two or more panels in interdigitated
relationship.
12. Interdigitated panels as defined in claim 11 wherein said
connector means comprises a pin extending through axially aligned
holes in the interdigitated projections of said panels.
13. Interdigitated panels as defined in claim 12 wherein said
connector means comprises a strap or a bracket.
14. First and second panels each as defined in claim 9, said first
panel further including a row of apertures or projections, along
the middle thereof, adapted for interdigitated connection thereto
of the edge projections or recesses of said second panel.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a modular container panel, and
more particularly to modular panels having crenelated edges
configured for interdigitated assembly to form containers of
selectable size and shape.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A problem often encountered by the shipping departments of
manufacturers, distributers and warehouses is that of packaging
items of unusual shape. The problem is particularly acute in
facilities which ship many items, but only a few of each size or
shape; such volume does not justify the purchase and storage of
custom shaped containers for each item. Indeed, if the facility did
store a large variety of packages, the container inventory cost
would be excessive. As a result, the usual practice is to keep on
hand a relatively small assortment of standard size containers,
usually of rectangular solid shapes. Then, when an item of unusual
shape is to be shipped, the container of next larger size is
selected, and the item packaged in this container. While this
approach reduces the number of containers which need to be stored,
it results in wasted space during shipping, and may therefore
result in increased shipping costs.
An alternative approach to the problem has been to use modular
panels which may be assembled into a container of desired size.
While various types of modular container panels are known in the
prior art, all of these suffer shortcomings which prevent them from
being assembled into packages of unusual shape or size.
Most prior art modular packaging panels are specifically configured
for use as the side or top or end of a container, without being
interchangeable therebetween. This approach is typified by the
tenon and mortise-type assemblies shown for example in the U.S.
Pats. to Burchard (No. 211,318), Baker (No. 282,483) and Rice (No.
776,942). In these assemblies, each panel is so configured that it
must be used only as a side, only as an end, and so forth.
In the packing case shown in U.S. Pat. No. 1,952,817 to Neary, a
panel including rectangular projections which fit into the
dovetailed recesses of an adjacent panel is useful as top, bottom
or side of a package. However, the end panels are substantially
differently configured, having open ended, slotted projections
along the edges, which hook onto like projections on the side
panels. Further, the Neary panels cannot be connected in coplanar
relationship to form, e.g., a side having overall dimensions
greater than any individual panel.
While some prior art systems have suggested the idea of using
panels of uniform configuration as either top, end or sides of a
package, such systems also have had severe shortcomings. For
example, the container framework shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,960,249
to Walsh requires a tongued connecter strip to attach the grooved
edges of adjacent panels. Further, with such a system the
interpanel seams on a side or end of the container are aligned with
seams on the adjacent top, bottom or side. Such alignment of seams
results in structural weakness of the container.
Another shortcoming typical of prior art modular container systems
is that when like panels are assembled in the same plane to form a
container element larger in size than any individual panel, a gap
is left between the adjacent panels. Such would be the case were
modular container panels of the type show in U.S. Pat. No.
3,093,259 to Morrison connected in coplanar array.
These and other limitations of the prior art are overcome using the
present invention which comprises a set of modular panels of unique
configuration permitting assembly of containers of a wide variety
of size and shape from but a few standard size panels. The novel
configuration permits each panel to be used interchangeably as a
side, end, top or bottom of the container. Two or more of the
panels may be assembled in the same plane to form a container
element of size greater than, or shape different from that of any
individual panel. When so combined, there is no requirement for a
separate interlocking connecting strip, no gaps are left along the
abutting edges, and the abutting panels themselves may be
interlocked with one or more other panels without the requirement
that all seams be aligned. As a result, panels of only a few
different sizes need be stored to facilitate packaging and shipping
of items of almost any size and shape. Moreover, the assembled
containers need not be of simple rectangular solid shape, but may
more closely conform to the shape of the item being packaged,
thereby permitting economy in shipping costs as well as in
inventory of containers. As a further benefit, the panels are
reusable, and in fact may be used by the recipient of the container
for his own shipping purposes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a
modular container panel adapted for interdigitated assembly with
other like panels to form containers of selectable size and shape.
To this end, each panel comprises a generally rectangular sheet of
material of thickness t, with a square notch or void of size t by t
at each corner thereof. Between the corners, along each edge of the
panel, are an odd number of alternating recesses and projections
each of depth t. Preferably, the width of the end recess or end
projection adjacent each corner is B, and the width of each
intermediate recess or projection is A = 2 B + t.
Using panels of the preferred configuration just described,
containers of selectable size and shape may be assembled by
interdigitating the projections and recess of adjacent panels. When
two such panels are attached, the projections of one panel
completely fill the mating recesses of the adjacent panel, thereby
insuring no gap or opening between the two panels. Moreover, a
third panel may be attached to the two joined panels, without
regard for alignment of seams.
Each panel may be used as side, end, top or bottom of a container,
or as a part of one such container element. Uniform
recess/projection spacing is maintained along an edge, even across
a perpendicular seam between two coplanar panels.
Adjacent panels may be connected by appropriate means such as a pin
extending through the interdigitating projections, a band around
the container, or appropriate angle brackets or like hardware at
the interfaces between panels.
Thus it is an object of the present invention to provide an
improved modular container panel.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a modular
panel having crenelated edges and adapted for interdigitated
assembly into a container of selectable size and shape.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a modular
panel of generally rectangular shape and thickness t, and
characterized by a notch or void of size t by t in each corner, and
an odd number of alternating projections and recesses along each
panel edge between such voids, the end recess or projection
adjacent each notch having width B, the width of all other recesses
or projections being A = 2 B + t.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Still other objects, features, and attendant advantages of the
present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art
from a reading of the following detailed description of the
preferred embodiments constructed in accordance therewith, taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein like numerals
designate like parts in the several figures and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of three modular container panels each
in accordance with the present invention and assembled in coplanar
relationship;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a cube-shaped container assembled
of six identical panels each in accordance with the present
invention;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary isometric view of a typical apex of the
container of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a rectangular solid-shaped
container assembled from panels in accordance with the present
invention, and having an overall length greater than that of any
individual panel used to form the container;
FIGS. 5 and 6 are fragmentary isometric views of interfaces between
panels forming the assembled container of FIG. 4; and
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a typical container of irregular
shape which may be assembled using the inventive panels.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings, and particularly to FIG. 1 thereof,
there is shown a coplanar assembly 10 comprising three modular
container panels 11, 12, 13 each in accordance with the present
invention. Panels 11, 12 and 13, although different in overall
size, all are characterized by a novel crenelated edge
configuration permitting the panels to be interdigitated in the
manner shown. For example, an edge 11a of panel 11 and an edge 12a
of panel 12 both may engage an edge 13c of panel 13, while the
edges 11b (panel 11) and 12d (panel 12) are interdigitated along an
interface generally perpendicular to panel edge 13c. The edge
configuration permitting such assembly, and the benefits to be
derived therefrom, are described in detail below.
Referring more specifically to panel 13 (FIG. 1) as illustrative of
the present invention, it may be seen that this panel includes four
generally perpendicular edges 13a, 13b, 13c, and 13d. Preferably,
panel 13 is planar and has a thickness t. A square notch or void 14
of length t and width t is present in each corner of panel 13.
Between corner notches 14, along any edge of panel 13, are an odd
number of alternating recesses and projections. Thus, edge 13a
includes a total of 13 recesses and projections including two end
projections 15, five other projections 16 and six recesses 17.
Preferably, end projections 15 are of equal width B, the value of
which is a matter of design choice. The depth of each recess 17
preferably equals the thickness t of panel 13. Further, the width
of each projection 16 and each recess 17 preferably is A = 2 B +
t.
The dimensions just described facilitate the type of three-panel
interconnection shown generally at 18 in FIG. 1. In this regard,
note that panel edges 11a and 12a are dimensioned and configured
identically to edge 13a of panel 13 except for having fewer number
of recesses 17 and projections 16. Thus the left-hand (as viewed in
FIG. 1) end projection 15' of edge 11a and the right-hand end
projection 15" of edge 12a each is of width b, so that the overall
width of end projections 15', 15" and the common corner notch 14'
therebetween is equal to 2B + t, exactly the same as the width A of
the recess 19' on edge 13c into which projections 15', 15"
extend.
Still referring to FIG. 1, note that panel edge 13c includes a
pattern of alternating recesses and projections which is the
inverse of edge 13a. Thus edge 13c includes end recesses 21, each
of width B, immediately adjacent corner notches 14. Intermediate
end recess 21 are five recesses 19, 19' and six projections 22 each
of width A = 2 B + t. Note that edges 11c and 12c are configured
identically to edge 13c of panel 13, except for the number of
intermediate projections and recesses.
Panel edge 13b (FIG. 1) includes end recesses 24, each of width B,
intermediate which are an odd number of alternating projections 25
and recesses 26 each of width A = 2B + t. The pattern of
projections and recesses along edge 13d is the inverse of that
along edge 13b. Thus, edge 13d includes end projections 27, each of
width B, intermediate which are projections 28 and recesses 29 each
of width A = 2 B + t. Again, note that the edges 11b and 12b are
configured similarly to edge 13b of panel 13, and edges 11d and 12d
are configured similarly to panel edge 13d.
Note in FIG. 1 that the four panel corners are of different
configuration. For simplicity of description, the corner including
end projections 15 and 27 herein is designated 1, the corner
including end projection 15 and end recess 24 herein is designated
2, the corner including the end recesses 21 and 24 herein is
designated 3, and the corner including recess 21 and projection 27
herein is designated 4. Typical panels 11, 12 and 13 all have been
marked accordingly.
Although panels of three different sizes (but like configuration)
are illustrated in FIG. 1, the invention is by no means so limited.
Thus it may be desirable to provide generally square or rectangular
panels having a greater or lesser (but always odd) number of
alternating recesses or projections along the edges thereof. For
example, another modular panel (not shown) may have a total of 11
projections and recesses along two opposite edges, and a total of
23 projections and recesses along the remaining two opposite edges.
Such a panel would be equivalent in size to two panels 13 placed
edge-to-edge, or to one panel 13 and two panels 12, or to one panel
12 and four panels 11 placed together in a plane.
Panels in accordance with the present invention may be constructed
of plastic, wood, cardboard, fiber board, metal or like material. A
particularly useful embodiment may be constructed of panels having
a thickness t = 3/8 inches. By selecting the dimension B = 21/64
inches, the dimension A will equal 1 one thirty-second inches. With
such typical values of A, B and t, panel 11 will have an "inside"
(notch-to-notch) dimension of 5 thirteen-sixteenths inches along
each edge, and panel 13 will have an "inside" dimension of exactly
12 inches. Panel 12 then will measure 5 thirteen-sixteenths .times.
12 inches. A square panel having a total of 23 alternating
projections and recesses along one edge would have an "inside"
dimension along that edge of 24 3/8 inches, whereas a panel having
a total of 35 alternating projections and recesses along one edge
would have an "inside" dimension along that edge of 36 3/4 inches.
In this manner, any combination of panels of lesser size, when
assembled in a plane, will be equal in size to a larger panel, as
is evident in FIG. 1.
Referring again to FIG. 1, illustrative means by which two
interdigitated panels 11, 12 may be connected is shown at the
interface between edges 11b and 12d. In particular, each of the
projections along edge 11b is provided with a hole 31 parallel to
that edge. Similarly, each projection along edge 12d is provided
with a hole 33 parallel to that edge. When edges 11b and 12d are
interdigitated, holes 31 and 32 are aligned to permit the insertion
therethrough of a pin 33. Pin 33 thus maintains panel 11 attached
to panel 12. One end of pin 33 may include a ring 33a. Although not
shown, another pin may be used to connect panel edge 13c to edges
11a and 12a. Such a pin thus could be inserted through ring 33a
further to secure the interconnection.
FIGS. 2, 4 and 7 shown several of the almost limitless number of
container configurations which can be achieved using modular panels
in accordance with the present invention. Thus, a simple
cube-shaped container 35 may be assembled from six square panels
11. A larger cube (not shown) could be assembled using six panels
13. The panel corner designations specified in FIG. 2 correspond to
those used in FIG. 1. In this regard, notice that identical panels
11 may be used interchangeably for any side, top or bottom of cube
35.
The interdigitating relationship of the panels 11 forming a cube 35
is shown in detail in FIG. 3. Note therein that apex 37 occurs at
the junction of a 1 corner of one panel 11, the 3 corner of another
panel 11, and the 4 corner of a third panel 11.
Cube 35 may be held together using pins such as pin 33 shown in
FIG. 1. Alternatively, cube 35 may be held together by a
conventional packaging band or strap 38 or by the use of right
angle brackets 39.
Additional features of the invention are evident in FIGS. 4, 5 and
6 wherein there is shown a rectangular-solid-shaped container 41
formed by using six panels 11 and four panels 12. Thus the side 42,
top 43 and (hidden) bottom each employ a panel 11 in coplanar
attachment with a panel 12. Note that there is no gap whatever
between the coplanar panels 11, 12 forming side 42 or top 43.
Moreover the unique panel edge configuration allows assembly of
container 41 such that the side interpanel seam 44 is offset from
the top interpanel seam 45 and is similarly spaced form the seam
(hidden in FIG. 4) between the panels forming the bottom of
container 41. This results in considerably more structural rigidity
than would be obtained were seams 44, 45 aligned.
It is important to note that the edge configuration of the
inventive panels facilitate interdigitated assembly of top 43 to
side 42 despite the offset in seams 44 and 45. This is illustrated
in FIGS. 5 and 6, which respectively show the recesses and
projection configuration at the interfaces of side 42 and top 43
adjacent seams 44 and 45. Note that the corners of each panel 11
and 12 employed at container 41 have been designated with numerals
conforming to those used in FIG. 1. Note also in FIGS. 5 and 6 that
since the thickness of each panel is equal to the depth of each
recess, the projections from top 43 completely fill the recesses in
the panels forming side 42.
FIG. 7 is included to indicate the versatility of the inventive
modular panels for permitting assembly of a container of almost any
shape or size. Thus, a plurality of panels of 12 and 13 readily may
be assembled into the step-shaped container 50. In this regard, the
bottom of container 50 (hidden in FIG. 7) may utilize two panels
13, or a single rectangular panel equal in size thereto.
Although not shown, in a different embodiment of the invention, a
panel may include in the middle thereof a row of aperatures
configured exactly to receive therein the edge projections of
another panel. For example, such row may include end aperatures of
width B and intermediate aperatures of width A, all of length t,
adapted to receive projections 15, 16 or 27, 28 of a panel 11, 12
or 13. Such inserted panel would be perpendicular to the aperatured
panel, and may, e.g., provide a partition within a container
assembled from the inventive panels described above. Alternatively,
a set of aligned projections (not shown) may extend upward from the
middle of a panel to allow interdigitated connection thereto of the
recesses along the edge of another, perpendicular panel.
While the invention has been described with respect to the
preferred physical embodiments constructed in accordance therewith,
it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various
modifications and improvements may be made without departing from
the scope and spirit of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be
understood that the invention is not to be limited by the specific
illustrative embodiments, but only by the scope of the appended
claims.
* * * * *