U.S. patent number 3,690,057 [Application Number 05/005,061] was granted by the patent office on 1972-09-12 for anti-static yarn and fabrics.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Bigelow-Sanford, Inc.. Invention is credited to Alan H. Norris.
United States Patent |
3,690,057 |
Norris |
September 12, 1972 |
ANTI-STATIC YARN AND FABRICS
Abstract
The invention relates to the production of an anti-static yarn,
especially useful in the making of carpets. The anti-static yarn is
made by fibrillating into fibers a web comprising a monoaxially
oriented film of synthetic material faced with metal, such as
aluminum. The metallized fibers are blended with other fibers, such
as wool and/or nylon and converted into an anti-static yarn, which
has utility in forming the pile elements of a carpet.
Inventors: |
Norris; Alan H. (Somers,
CT) |
Assignee: |
Bigelow-Sanford, Inc. (New
York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
21713954 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/005,061 |
Filed: |
January 22, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
57/32; 57/2;
57/257; 57/315; 57/252; 57/259; 57/901 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D02G
3/441 (20130101); D01D 5/423 (20130101); D02G
3/12 (20130101); Y10S 57/901 (20130101); D10B
2101/20 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
D02G
3/44 (20060101); D01D 5/42 (20060101); D01D
5/00 (20060101); D02G 3/12 (20060101); D02g
003/12 (); D02g 003/06 (); D02g 003/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;57/139,140,151,144,155,156,157,160,167,157AS,14C ;28/1F,72CS
;117/107 ;161/175 ;264/DIG.8 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Watkins; Donald E.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method of producing an anti-static yarn which comprises
preparing a composite web consisting of a monoaxially oriented film
of fibrillatable synthetic material and a thin flexible coating of
metal on the face of said film, fibrillating said web into
metallized fibers extending along the direction of orientation of
said film, blending said metallized fibers with non-conductive
fibers and processing the blending fibers into a yarn having
anti-static properties.
2. The method as described in claim 1, in which the metal coating
is on both faces of the film and is produced by metal vapor
deposition.
3. The method as described in claim 1, in which the metal coating
is aluminum.
4. The method as described in claim 1, in which the metal coating
is on both faces of the film and is produced by deposition of
aluminum vapors on these faces.
5. The method as described in claim 1, in which the web is
fibrillated by initially piercing the web with needles to fissure
the web and the pierced web is converted into separate metallized
fibers extending generally in a parallel direction along the
web.
6. The method as described in claim 1, in which the metal coating
is aluminum on both faces of the film, the web is fibrillated by
initially piercing the web with needles to fissure the web, and the
pierced web is converted into separate metallized fibers extending
generally in a parallel direction along the web in the direction of
the orientation of its film component.
7. The method as described in claim 1, in which the fibrillated web
is subdivided into staple lengths before processing into a
yarn.
8. The method as described in claim 1, in which the fibrillated web
is cut into predetermined staple lengths before blending.
9. The method as described in claim 1, in which the fibrillated web
is cut into predetermined staple lengths ranging from 3 to 6 inches
before blending.
Description
The present invention relates to a method of producing an
anti-static yarn and to a method of producing an anti-static carpet
made from said yarn and to an anti-static yarn and carpet made by
said method.
Carpets tend to store and generate static electricity, which could
be dangerous in certain areas, as for example, in hospitals, where
ether or other explosive or highly inflammable materials may be
present.
It has been proposed to make anti-static yarn by incorporating
therein fibers of stainless steel to provide electrically
conductive elements in the yarn. Such a yarn is very expensive.
Moreover, stainless steel fibers in the anti-static yarn described
are comparatively short and tend to sift out during the processing
of the yarn and the operation of making a fabric or carpet
therefrom, and tend thereby to concentrate in spaced regions of the
yarn. In the regions where these steel fibers concentrate, they are
visible and unsightly. Also, the uneven distribution of conductive
steel fibers in the yarn creates large gaps in the conductive
network within the yarn, resulting thereby in loss of anti-static
properties.
Moreover, the steel fibers do not lend themselves to coloration,
but come in dark colors, such as steel gray, and in light shades
are extremely unsightly.
It has also been proposed to incorporated a fine copper wire in a
yarn for anti-static purposes. This copper wire is more noticeable
in the yarn than are the steel fibers described, and since this
copper wire must be in the yarn during the twisting of the yarn, it
reduces the speed of twisting and poses some difficulty in the
process of weaving the yarn incorporating the copper wire therein.
Also, these wires pose the problem of increased wear and the
dulling of expensive cutting blades in the manufacture of
carpets.
One object of the present invention is to provide a new and
improved method of producing an anti-static yarn and a new and
improved anti-static yarn made by this method and a carpet
containing such a yarn.
In accordance with certain features of the present invention, the
electrically conductive elements incorporated in a yarn to give it
anti-static properties are produced by fibrillating a monoaxially
oriented fibrillatable film of synthetic material, coated with an
extremely thin, flexible layer of metal, such as aluminum,
deposited by suitable coating processes, such as the well-known
vacuum or vapor deposition process. The film so metallized may be
fibrillated in any of the well-known methods, but is desirably
fibrillated by a method involving initial needling, to form
continuous metallized fibers extending longitudinally along the
direction of film orientation. The fibrillated film is desirably
cut into staple length sections and after precarding or picking is
blended with staple length natural fibers such as wool fibers
and/or synthetic fibers, such as nylon, to produce a composite
anti-static yarn having anti-static efficiency. These metallized
fibers made by the fibrillation process present in the blended yarn
a network of intersecting fibers affording a substantially uniform
pattern of distribution in the conductivity of electric charges,
and maintain this distribution pattern without sifting or bunching
of the metallized fibers in spaced areas of the yarn. Also the
metallized fibers may be colored to match or mix attractively with
the basic color of the main component of the blended yarn, so as
not to detract from the esthetic appearance of the yarn.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are
apparent from the following description and from the accompanying
drawings, in which
FIG. 1 is a perspective showing a portion of a continuous composite
web consisting of a film of polymeric synthetic material,
monoaxially oriented along its length and metallized by metal
layers on opposite faces of the film;
FIG. 2 is a section of the composite web taken on lines 2--2 of
FIG. 1 but showing the web on a magnified scale;
FIG. 3 shows the composite metallized web of FIG. 1, fibrillated by
the piercing of the web with needles into a coherent network of
interconnected strips extending generally along the direction of
orientation of the film in the web;
FIG. 4 shows the fibrillated web of FIG. 3 after it has been picked
or pre-carded into a web of independent, intersecting fibers;
FIG. 5 is a view on an enlarged scale of an anti-static ply yarn
formed by a blending of the metallic fibers shown in FIG. 4 and
other non-conductive fibers, such as nylon, part of the view being
shown within a magnification circle in which the metallized fibers
are emphasized by a darkened showing thereof;
FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic illustration showing partly in
cross-section and partly in side elevation a woven loop-pile carpet
on an enlarged scale, having pile elements formed from the
anti-static yarn shown in FIG. 5; and
FIG. 7 is similar view of a similar carpet, except that the carpet
is of the woven cut-pile type.
Referring to the drawings, a continuous film or ribbon 10 of
polymeric fibrillatable synthetic material is extruded and oriented
monoaxially in the longitudinal direction of the film. This film 10
can be oriented by any of the processes well-known in the art for
that purpose. For example, it can be oriented by supercooling the
film and then orienting by stretching or by heating the film to a
temperature below that at which the film is in molten state and
then stretching it. This oriented film constitutes the basic
component of a composite metal laminated web 11 from which the
metallized fibers of the present are produced by fibrillation, and
may consist of polymeric materials that can be oriented and
fibrillated, as for example, polyolefins, such as polyethylene,
polypropylene, and poly (butene-1), polyesters, such as
polyethylene terephthalate, and polyamides, such as the nylons. In
the specific embodiment of the invention illustrated, the film
could be polypropylene and could have a thickness of about 1.5
mil.
The monoaxially oriented film 10 described is coated on opposite
faces with metal layers 12 permanently applied thereto as to be
incapable of delamination. The layers 12 may be of any suitable
metal, as for example, aluminum, and may be applied to the faces of
the basic film 10 in a conventional manner, as for example, by
drawing the film from a supply roll and causing it to travel
through a high vacuum chamber in which both surfaces of the film
are metallized by vapor deposition of aluminum vapor. The aluminum
may also be applied to the basic film 10, as for example, in the
form of foils, secured thereto by adhesive.
The metal layers 12 applied to the basic polymeric film 10 are
extremely thin, each being for example in a specific embodiment
less than one-half mil. and being, therefore, almost molecular in
thickness.
The metal layers 12 on the polymeric basic film 10 may be colored
by dyeing or by any suitable technique known in the art, so that
the metallized fibers formed from the composite web 11 will, when
blended with the basic fibers in a yarn, present an esthetically
pleasing appearance and will not make too visibly apparent the
presence of conductive elements.
The composite web 11 described is fibrillated desirably by piercing
the web while under tension longitudinally of the web by means of a
plurality of needles movable transversely of the plane of the web.
These needles may be of the barbed type conventionally employed as
felting needles, and are caused to pierce the web 11 without moving
longitudinally or laterally of the web. The density of the needles
would depend on the type of synthetic basic film 10 employed and
the type of fabric to be produced.
As the point of each needle strikes and pierces the web 11 under
tension, the web is split along its axis of orientation for a
substantial distance in either or both directions from a needle
point impact. A large number of needles making substantially
instantaneous impact on the web 11, cause the web to be initially
fissured into a filigree network like expanded metal, comprising
strips or fibers 13 extending generally along the longitudinal
direction of the web, and integrally interconnected at intervals,
as shown in FIG. 3. The needling operation in itself is sufficient
to fibrillate the web 11 in the general form shown in FIG. 2, but
the web continues to fibrillate in subsequent operations leading to
the formation of the anti-static yarn to be described.
The metallized web 11, fibrillated as described and as shown in
FIG. 3, is desirably cut into substantially uniform staple lengths
ranging approximately from 3 to 6 inches in length at right angles
to the orientation of the film 10, and the staple segments are then
pre-carded or picked to change the network of interconnected
fibrillated strips 13 into webs of separate, intersecting,
individual, fine metallized conductive fibers 14, arranged
substantially parallel, but in an intersecting relationship, as
shown in FIG. 4. The fibrillated pre-carded web and the webs, tow
strands or other forms of blending fibers 15, such as those made of
nylon or wool, and desirably also in staple lengths, are then mixed
and blended and fed to a mechanism for carrying out conventional
carding operations, where the mix of metallized and basic fibers 14
and 15 are combed or brushed until they are straight and the
separate fibers are interlocked into a soft web; the staple length
of the metallized fibers 14 will vary in accordance with the staple
length of the other fibers 15 blended therewith. At the finisher
end of the card, the wide web of mixed fibers is divided into
strands and rubbed into rovings or slivers. These rovings are then
spun and twisted in a conventional manner into a singles yarn. A
number of these singles yarn, as for example two, three or four are
combined and twisted to produce the required ply yarn 16 shown in
FIG. 5. The metallized conductive fibers 14 in this ply yarn 16
would make up at least 1 percent by weight of the yarn and could go
up as high as 50 percent depending upon the acceptable cost of the
yarn, the efficiency of manufacture and customer's requirements. If
nylon is used as the basic fibers 15, these fibers could, for
example, have a denier of between 8 and 15, but can vary from this
range according to the nature of the carpet formed therefrom.
Although the metallized web 11, fibrillated as shown in FIG. 3, is
preferably cut into staple lengths prior to carding as described,
as far as certain aspects of the invention are concerned, the
fibrillated web can be carded without being cut into staple
lengths. However, under these conditions, the carding is harder to
accomplish and is carried out less efficiently. Moreover, although
the uncut metallized fibers will be broken into segments by the
carding operation, these segments will vary widely in length, as
for example, approximately from one-fourth inch to 9 inches in
length. On the other hand, if the fibrillated web 11 shown in FIG.
3 is cut before carding to a 3 to 6 inches length, most of the
individual metallized fibers 14 will, even after carding, remain in
length within this range.
In the ply yarn 16, all of the fibers run generally in the
longitudinal direction of the singles yarn, but the metallized
fibers 14 are somewhat interengaged, interlaced, interlooped and
interlocked, so as to maintain a substantially uniformly
distributed conductive network along the ply yarn 16. The
conductive fibers 14 in this network will not sift or bunch in
different areas of the yarn 16 and non-conducting gaps will not
readily be created in this network.
From the composite yarn 16 containing the metallized continuous
fibers 14 produced by fibrillation of the metallized synthetic film
10, a fabric having highly efficient anti-static properties may be
produced in the usual manner. This composite yarn 16 can, for
example, be woven, tufted or knitted to produce an anti-static
carpet.
FIG. 6 shows a woven, loop-pile carpet, that can be made with the
anti-static yarns 16 of the present invention by conventional
techniques on a longitudinal pile wire loom. These yarns 16 extend
upwardly from the face of the carpet in the form of loops 17 to
form the pile elements of the carpet. The loops 17 are arranged in
rows and the loops in each row are interconnected by base portions
18 extending through the carpet to the rear face thereof. The pile
loops 17 are held in place in the usual manner by filling yarns 20
and binder warp yarns 21 with a stuffer yarn 22 extending between
adjacent rows of pile loops 17.
An adhesive backing 23 made essentially from a latex compound
extends over the rear face of the carpet. The backing 23 spans the
spaces between adjacent rows of the conductive pile loops 17 on the
rear face of the carpet and thus is in intimate contact with the
base portions of all of these loops on the rear face of the carpet.
This backing 23 may be conductive, although it is not necessary and
for that purpose, may contain particles of an electrically
conductive material, such as carbon or graphite, to afford a
conductive path connecting the electrically conductive yarns 16 in
the many rows of the pile elements. This insures that the desired
discharge will take place, even though the pile loops 17 may have
been severed by wear or accident.
A suitable formulation for the latex compound for use as the carpet
backing 23 may contain 66.5 pounds of dry acrylic latex (Polyco No.
2715) (46percent), 50 pounds of dry graphite flakes (Dixon No. 635)
and 0.1 pound of dry polyacrylate (10percent) mixed with water to
produce a mixture having a viscosity of 2,000 cps. In the
manufacture of the carpet, the water-based latex flows around the
yarn and inbetween the fibers of the yarn at the bases of the pile
loops 17, and thereby establishes intimate contact between the
backing 23 produced from this latex and the conductive fibers 14 in
the yarn.
FIG. 7 shows a woven, cut-pile carpet containing the anti-static
pile yarn 16 of the present invention. This carpet is similar in
construction to that of FIG. 6, except that the crests of the pile
loops formed from the pile yarns 16 have been cut above the face of
the carpet to form cut-pile elements 24 extending upwardly from the
face of the carpet. In connection with the woven cut-pile carpet of
FIG. 7, the backing 23 is desirably electrically conductive, since
the electrical path through the yarn is no longer continuously
through each row of pile elements, as was the case with the
loop-pile type of carpet shown in FIG. 6.
Besides the benefits described for the metallized fibers made by
web fibrillation in the anti-static yarn, these fibers can be
easily cut by the usual cutting devices employed in carpet making
machines, and this advantage is especially useful in making
cut-pile carpets, such as those shown in FIG. 7.
Although the invention has been described herein as involving the
fibrillation of a metallized monoaxially oriented film made of
synthetic material by initial needling of the film to produce
electrically conductive fibers, as far as certain aspects of the
invention are concerned, this film can be converted into long
continuous conductive fibers by other conventional mechanical
fibrillating techniques, which do not involve initial needling. For
example, the metallized monoaxially oriented film may be converted
into a fibrous product by twisting, brushing, or applying friction
or forces transversely across the width of the film but without
sufficient severity to destroy substantially the continuity of the
fibers produced thereby.
Also, as far as certain aspects of the invention are concerned, the
monaxially oriented metallized film can initially be fibrillated
into a coherent network of interconnected strips extending along
the direction of orientation by needling or the use of other
suitable mechanical operations, and then forming a shed in said
network by raising these strips out of the plane of the reticulated
film to split the film into independent continuous fibers.
* * * * *