U.S. patent number 3,681,892 [Application Number 05/067,015] was granted by the patent office on 1972-08-08 for packaging machine.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Hayssen Manufacturing Company. Invention is credited to Richard W. Safranski.
United States Patent |
3,681,892 |
Safranski |
August 8, 1972 |
PACKAGING MACHINE
Abstract
A form-fill-seal packaging machine having a vertical mandrel
around which a web of packaging material is formed into tubing, the
tubing being fed downward off the lower end of the mandrel and
formed, below the lower end of the mandrel, with transverse seals
constituting package end seals at package length intervals. Below
the lower end of the mandrel is a nozzle for delivery of the
product to be packaged into the lower end of the tubing. The nozzle
is formed with means for spreading the tubing flat, this spreading
means being provided with a passage for communication between the
space in the mandrel thereabove and the tubing therebelow, and
presser plates are provided for pressing the opposed walls of the
tubing against the spreading means.
Inventors: |
Safranski; Richard W.
(Sheboygan, WI) |
Assignee: |
Hayssen Manufacturing Company
(Sheboygan, WI)
|
Family
ID: |
22073179 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/067,015 |
Filed: |
August 26, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
53/551;
53/511 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65B
9/213 (20130101); B65B 9/2042 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65B
9/20 (20060101); B65B 9/10 (20060101); B65b
031/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;53/22,23,180,182,112 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Condon; Theron E.
Assistant Examiner: Desmond; Eugene F.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A form-fill-seal packaging machine having a generally vertical
mandrel around which a web of packaging material is formed into
tubing, the tubing being fed downward off the lower end of the
mandrel and formed, below the lower end of the mandrel, with
transverse seals constituting package end seals at package length
intervals, said end seals being formed in a generally vertical
plane, means for delivering the product to be packaged to the lower
end of the tubing below the lower end of the mandrel, and means
below the lower end of the mandrel for effecting transition of the
cross section of the tubing from the cross section of the mandrel
to a flattened cross section generally in said plane, wherein said
transition means is mounted so as to be disposed internally of the
tubing and wherein said transition means has a passage providing
for communication between the space in the mandrel above the
transition means and the tubing below the transition means and
having variable orifice means in said passage.
2. A form-fill-seal packaging machine having a generally vertical
mandrel around which a web of packaging material is formed into
tubing, the tubing being fed downward off the lower end of the
mandrel and formed, below the lower end of the mandrel, with
transverse seals constituting package end seals at package length
intervals, said end seals being formed in a generally vertical
plane, means for delivering the product to be packaged to the lower
end of the tubing below the lower end of the mandrel, and means
below the lower end of the mandrel for effecting transition of the
cross section of the tubing from the cross section of the mandrel
to a flattened cross section generally in said plane, wherein said
transition means is mounted so as to be disposed internally of the
tubing, wherein said transition means comprises means extending
laterally outward beyond opposite sides of the mandrel below the
lower end of the mandrel for spreading the tubing flat, said
spreading means having flat faces converging toward one another in
downward direction, and having means for pressing opposed walls of
the tubing against said converging faces and wherein said spreading
means has a passage providing for communication between the space
in the mandrel above said spreading means and the tubing below said
spreading means, and having variable orifice means in said
passage.
3. A form-fill-seal packaging machine having a generally vertical
mandrel around which a web of packaging material is formed into
tubing, the tubing being fed downward off the lower end of the
mandrel and formed, below the lower end of the mandrel, with
transverse seals constituting package end seals at package length
intervals, said end seals being formed in a generally vertical
plane, means for delivering the product to be packaged to the lower
end of the tubing below the lower end of the mandrel, and means
below the lower end of the mandrel for effecting transition of the
cross section of the tubing from the cross section of the mandrel
to a flattened cross section generally in said plane, wherein the
means for delivering the product comprises a product supply
reservoir above the mandrel, a product supply tube extending from
the reservoir down through the mandrel adapted to deliver the
product to the lower end of the tubing below the mandrel, said
transition means being mounted on the lower end of said product
supply tube below the lower end of the mandrel so as to be disposed
internally of the tubing, wherein said transition means has a
passage providing for communication between the space in the
mandrel above the transition means and the tubing below the
transition means, and having variable orifice means in said
passage.
4. A form-fill-seal packaging machine having a generally vertical
mandrel around which a web of packaging material is formed into
tubing, the tubing being fed downward off the lower end of the
mandrel and formed, below the lower end of the mandrel, with
transverse seals constituting package end seals at package length
intervals, said end seals being formed in a generally vertical
plane, means for delivering the product to be packaged to the lower
end of the tubing below the lower end of the mandrel, and means
below the lower end of the mandrel for effecting transition of the
cross section of the tubing from the cross section of the mandrel
to a flattened cross section generally in said plane, wherein the
means for delivering the product comprises a product supply
reservoir above the mandrel, a product supply tube extending from
the reservoir down through the mandrel adapted to deliver the
product to the lower end of the tubing below the mandrel, said
transition means being mounted on the lower end of said product
supply tube below the lower end of the mandrel so as to be disposed
internally of the tubing, wherein said transition means comprises
means extending laterally outward on opposite sides of said product
supply tube beyond opposite sides of the mandrel below the lower
end of the mandrel for spreading the tubing flat, said spreading
means having flat faces converging toward one another in downward
direction, and having means for pressing opposed walls of the
tubing against said converging faces, wherein said spreading means
has a passage providing for communication between the space in the
mandrel above said spreading means and the tubing below said
spreading means, and having variable orifice means in said
passage.
5. A form-fill-seal packaging machine having a generally vertical
mandrel around which a web of packaging material is formed into
tubing, the tubing being fed downward off the lower end of the
mandrel and formed, below the lower end of the mandrel, with
transverse seals constituting package end seals at package length
intervals, said end seals being formed in a generally vertical
plane, means for delivering the product to be packaged to the lower
end of the tubing below the lower end of the mandrel, and means
below the lower end of the mandrel for effecting transition of the
cross section of the tubing from the cross section of the mandrel
to a flattened cross section generally in said plane, wherein the
means for delivering the product comprises a product supply
reservoir above the mandrel, a product supply tube extending from
the reservoir down through the mandrel adapted to deliver the
product to the lower end of the tubing below the mandrel, said
transition means being mounted on the lower end of said product
supply tube below the lower end of the mandrel so as to be disposed
internally of the tubing, wherein said transition means comprises
means extending laterally outward on opposite sides of said product
supply tube beyond opposite sides of the mandrel below the lower
end of the mandrel for spreading the tubing flat, said spreading
means having flat faces converging toward one another in downward
direction, and having means for pressing opposed walls of the
tubing against said converging faces, wherein the product supply
tube has a nozzle at its lower end and said spreading means
comprises a central lower portion of the nozzle and two spreader
wings flaring outward and downward from said central lower portion
of the nozzle at diametrically opposite sides thereof, said central
lower portion and said wings being of generally wedge-shaped cross
section with inclined flat faces converging toward another in
downward direction.
6. A form-fill-seal packaging machine as set forth in claim 5
wherein said pressing means comprises a pair of presser plates and
means for biasing said presser plates toward said flat faces.
7. A form-fill-seal packaging machine as set forth in claim 5
wherein one of said spreader wings has a passage providing for
communication between the space in the tubing above said wings and
the space below and between the wings.
8. A form-fill-seal packaging machine as set forth in claim 7
having a removable partial plug in said passage.
9. A form-fill-seal packaging machine as set forth in claim 7
wherein the nozzle has an annular valve seat therein, and a valve
engageable with said seat operable by a rod extending down through
the supply tube.
10. A form-fill-seal packaging machine as set forth in claim 9
wherein the nozzle is removably mounted at its upper end in a bell
on the lower end of the product supply tube.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to packaging machines, and more particularly
to a vertical form-fill-seal packaging machine.
The invention is particularly concerned with a vertical
form-fill-seal packaging machine, particularly for packaging a
liquid such as milk, of the general class shown in the Gausman et
al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,050,916 in which a web of packaging material is
formed into tubing around a vertical mandrel, the tubing being fed
downward off the lower end of the mandrel, and formed with
transverse seals spaced at package length intervals constituting
package end seals, with delivery of metered quantities of the
product (e.g., liquid milk) with which the packages are to be
filled in the intervals between formation of successive end seals.
One of the problems encountered with such machines is that of
providing a so-called "soft" package, meaning one which is
partially deflated (as opposed to one which is wholly distended by
its contents and by air trapped in the package), without
interfering with the accuracy of filling of the packages. Another
problem encountered with such machines is that of excluding ambient
air from the package as is desirable in the packaging of milk or
any other product as to which a sterile environment is necessary or
desirable.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, among the several objects of this invention may be
noted the provision of a vertical form-fill-seal packaging machine
of the class described above, particularly for packaging liquid
milk in plastic film such as polyethylene, adapted to form soft
packages with accurate metering of the product into each package;
and the provision of such a machine adapted to exclude outside air
from the packages.
In general, a machine constructed in accordance with the invention
comprises a generally vertical mandrel around which a web of
packaging material is formed into tubing, the tubing being fed
downward off the lower end of the mandrel and formed, below the
lower end of the mandrel, with transverse seals constituting
package end seals at package length intervals, these end seals
being formed in a generally vertical plane. Means is provided for
delivering the product which is to be packaged to the lower end of
the tubing below the lower end of the mandrel. Further, means is
provided below the lower end of the mandrel for effecting
transition of the cross section of the tubing from the cross
section of the mandrel to a flattened cross section generally in
the stated vertical plane of the end seals. Other objects and
features will be in part apparent and in part pointed out
hereinafter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a front elevation of a form-fill-seal packaging machine
embodying this invention;
FIG. 2 is a side elevation of FIG. 1 with parts broken away;
FIG. 3 is side elevation of the filling system of the machine, on a
larger scale than FIG. 1, with parts broken away and shown in
section;
FIG. 4 is an enlargement of the lower part of FIG. 3 with parts
shown in section;
FIG. 5 is a front elevation of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a horizontal section on line 6--6 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a side elevation of the parts shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 8 is a horizontal section on line 8--8 of FIG. 4; and
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary view of the lower part of a nozzle of the
machine, partly broken away and shown in section.
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts
throughout the several views of the drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring first more particularly to FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings,
there is indicated at 1 a vertical form-fill-seal packaging machine
equipped with a liquid dispenser or filler 3 particularly for
packaging milk, it being understood, of course, that the invention
is adapted for packaging other liquid products. Generally, the
packaging machine 1 comprises a base 5 and a frame 7 extending up
from the base. At 9 is indicated a tubular cylindrical mandrel
which is mounted in vertical position at the front of the frame 7.
A supply roll R of a web W of suitable packaging material is
mounted at 11 in the frame. The web W is fed from the roll R around
guide rollers 12 and 13 to the upper end of the mandrel 9, being
formed into tubing T around the mandrel as will be readily
understood by those skilled in the art, the tubing being completed
by formation thereof with a longitudinal seam such as indicated at
L in FIG. 1 by means of a longitudinal sealer 14 located in front
of the mandrel. At 15 is indicated a carriage adapted to
reciprocate vertically upward and downward toward and away from the
lower end of the mandrel. This carries end seal bars indicated at
17 adapted, on each downward stroke of the carriage, to close on
the tubing T below the lower end of the mandrel and to form a
transverse seal (an end seal) across the tubing while pulling down
one package length off the lower end of the mandrel. The bars 17
then open, and the carriage then moves upward for the next cycle,
the tubing dwelling in place during the upward movement of the
carriage.
The dispenser of filler 3 comprises a product supply tube 19 which
extends vertically downward within the mandrel from a product
supply reservoir 21 to the lower end of the mandrel (which is
open). The product supply reservoir 21 is shown as being in the
form of an inverted cone having its upper end supported by an arm
23 on a post 27 extending up from the frame 7, the reservoir being
mounted in position directly above the mandrel 9 and coaxial
therewith. The tube 19 extends down from the apex of the inverted
conical reservoir, which, in the operation of the machine, will
constantly contain a supply of liquid, e.g., milk, so as to
maintain a head of the liquid in the tube 19. At the lower end of
the tube 19 is a hollow cylindrical valve body or bell 29 of larger
diameter than the tube 19, having an inwardly directed flange 30
(see FIG. 4) at its upper end surrounding and secured in sealed
relation to the lower end of the tube 19. Body 29 forms, in effect,
an enlargement of the tube 19 at its lower end. Removably fitted in
the lower end of body 29 is a nozzle 31. This nozzle has a
cylindric upper section 33 which has a snug fit in the body 29, a
cylindric intermediate section 35 extending down from section 33
coaxial therewith and of smaller diameter than section 33, and a
lower section 37 of special form in accordance with this invention
as will be subsequently described. The upper section 33 has an
annular peripheral groove 39 (see FIGS. 4 and 5) receiving an
O-ring 41 of suitable rubber or the like for forming a seal between
the nozzle and the body. The upper section 33 also has a lower
portion of reduced diameter as indicated at 43, providing a
downwardly facing shoulder 45. A ring 47 of rectangular cross
section of stainless steel material suitably seated in an annular
internal groove 49 in body 29 adjacent its lower end surrounds
portion 43 and underlies the shoulder 45. This ring 47 is adapted
to allow the nozzle readily to be removed from the body 29.
The lower section 37 of the nozzle 31 is formed to constitute a
spreader for the tubing T, and has a central portion 51 and two
spreader wings 53 flaring outward and downward from the central
portion at diametrically opposite sides thereof (see FIG. 9). The
space between the two wings is indicated at 55. The central portion
51 and the wings 53 are formed of generally wedge-shaped cross
section with flat front and back faces 57 which are inclined toward
one another in downward direction (see FIGS. 4 and 7). The wings 53
have vertical outer edges 58, with rounded approaches 59 to these
edges, and narrow horizontal lower edges 60.
The nozzle 31 has a relatively large-diameter vertical passage 61
extending down from its upper end through its upper section 33 and
its intermediate section 35 and part way down into the central
portion 51 of its lower section 37, with a smaller-diameter
continuation 63 of this passage down through the latter to its
lower end. This provides an upwardly facing shoulder 65 at the
lower end of passage 61 constituting an annular valve seat
engageable by a valve 67 movable up and down in passage 61. This
valve 67 comprises a disk 69 at the lower end of a stem 71 provided
on the bottom thereof with a ring 73 of a suitable resilient
yieldable material, such as a suitable rubber, engageable with the
annular valve seat 65. The valve stem 71 has its upper end secured
in the lower end of a rod 75 which extends down through the supply
tube 19, and carries a triangular collar 77 which serves to center
the valve in the passage 61, the apices of this triangular collar
being in sliding engagement with the internal surface of the nozzle
31 in passage 61.
The rod 75 extends up from the valve 67 entirely through the tube
19 and the reservoir 21 and is actuated by an air cylinder 79
mounted above the reservoir on the upper arm 23. In the operation
of the machine, a package length of tubing T is pulled downward off
the mandrel 9 on each downstroke of carriage 15 with end sealers 17
closed on the tubing. The end sealers form the package end seals
when they close on the tubing at the upper end of the carriage
stroke, and during each interval between formation of successive
end seals the air cylinder 79 is actuated to pull up the rod 75 to
open the valve 67. The liquid, e.g., milk, thereupon flows down
through the passage 61 and 73 in the nozzle under the head of
liquid in the tube 19 and reservoir 21, and the valve 67 is
maintained open for a time interval such as to provide for metering
out through the nozzle 31 of the quantity of milk desired to fill
the package being formed. At the end of the filling time interval,
the air cylinder 79 is actuated to drive the rod 75 downward to
close the valve 67 by seating of the ring 73 against the valve seat
65 to cut off the flow of milk. The carriage 15 rises with the end
sealers 17 open after each downstroke and, after completion of the
filling operation, the end sealers 17 are closed and the carriage
15 stroked downward to repeat the cycle.
As shown best in FIG. 3 the mandrel 9 extends down from an upper
part 7a of frame 7 having a head 81 at its upper end secured to the
bottom of this part of the frame. The product supply tube 19
extends down through the heat 81, the latter closing off the upper
end of the mandrel around the supply tube (which extends down from
the lower end of the reservoir). At 85 is indicated a line for
supplying a gas under pressure to the upper end of the mandrel 9,
i.e., to the space 87 in the mandrel around the product supply tube
19. This gas is delivered to line 85 from a main supply line 89 via
a pressure gauge 91 and a filter 93. It may be sterilized air or a
sterilizing gas such as ethylene oxide. At 95 (see FIGS. 4 and 8)
is indicated a four-arm spider arrangement for centering the
product supply tube 19 in the mandrel, the arms being designated
96.
The tubing T passes off the lower end of the mandrel 9 (which as
herein illustrated is of circular cross section) and thence
downwardly in surrounding relation to the bell 29 and the nozzle 31
with its wings 53. The latter constitutes means for spreading the
tubing T and effecting transition of its cross section from the
circular cross section at the lower end of the mandrel 9 to the
flattened cross section indicated at FT in FIGS. 4 and 5
corresponding to the peripheral outline established by the lower
edges 60 of the wings 53. Means 97 is provided for pressing the
opposed walls of the tubing T against the flat faces 57 of the
lower section 37 of the nozzle 31 including its central portion 51
and the two spreader wings 53. As shown best in FIGS. 4-7, this
pressing means comprises a pair of presser plates each designated
99 which, as will appear, are spring-biased to press the front and
back walls of the flattened tubing T against the front and back
faces 57 of the lower section 37 of the nozzle.
Means for mounting the presser plates 99 on the machine 1 is shown
to comprise an elongate bracket 101 mounted in vertical position
extending downward from a part 7b of the frame 7 of the machine.
This part 7b of the frame is at the back of the mandrel 9 as viewed
in FIG. 1 from the front of the machine. A rock shaft 103 extends
horizontally across the front lower end portion of the bracket 101,
being journalled in a pair of spaced bearings 105 on the front of
the bracket at its lower end. The shaft 103 extends outward on both
sides of the bracket 101 and has a pair of split clamps 107 clamped
thereon at its ends. A pair of arms 109 extends radially with
respect to the shaft 103 from these clamps forward on opposite
sides of the nozzle 31. Bars 111 extend down from arms 109 adjacent
their front ends. Bolts 113 extend through the bars 111 adjacent
their lower ends parallel to arms 109 and carry eyes 115 of pivot
pins 117 extending into holes 119 in the ends of the presser plates
99. A bell crank 121 secured on shaft 103 between the bearings 105
has an upwardly extending arm 123 and a rearwardly extending arm
125. A coil compression spring 127 reacts from a spring seat 129 at
the lower end of a screw 131 threaded in a lug 133 on the back of
the bracket 101 against the arm 125 of the bell crank to bias shaft
103 to rotate in counterclockwise direction as viewed in FIGS. 3, 4
and 7, and thus biases arms 109 to swing upward and pull the
presser plates 99 upward so that they press the opposed walls of
the tubing T against the flat faces 57 of the lower section 37 of
the nozzle 31 including its central portion 51 and wings 53. Upward
movement of arms 109 (and plates 99) is limited by engagement of
arm 123 of the bell crank 121 with a screw 135 threaded in bracket
101.
One of the spreader wings 53 of the nozzle 31 is provided with a
passage 137 therethrough (see particularly FIG. 9) providing for
communication between the space in the tubing T above the wings and
the space 55 below and between the wings. A partial plug 139
constituted by a headed pin with a flat at 141 is inserted in the
passage to provide a restricted orifice at 143 for said
communication. This plug may be removed and replaced with plugs
with different flats at 141 for varying the size of the orifice.
Thus it constitutes a variable orifice means in the passage
137.
In the operation of the machine 1 as above described, the web W is
formed into the tubing T around the mandrel 9 with the longitudinal
seam 5 of the tubing at the front of the mandrel, and the tubing is
fed downward off the lower mandrel 9 around the lower section 37 of
the nozzle constituting the spreading means. As it passes from the
lower end of the mandrel to the lower end of the spreading means,
its cross section undergoes a transition from the circular cross
section of the mandrel (see particularly FIG. 6) to the flattened
cross section FT (see FIGS. 4 and 5) in the vertical plane in which
the end sealers 17 form the package end seals. In this regard, it
will be understood that on each downstroke of the end sealer
carriage 15 carrying the end sealers 17, the latter are closed on
the tubing and, while pulling the tubing downward one package
length increment, act to form a transverse seal across the tubing
(forming an end seal for the package being completed and an end
seal for the next package to be formed), and the tubing is cut
generally midway between the upper and lower edges of the
transverse seal to separate the completed package from the tubing.
At the end of their downstroke, the end sealers 17 open, and the
carriage 15 and the end sealers move upward through a return
stroke, during which interval the tubing dwells. The product with
which the packages are to be filled (e.g., liquid milk) is
delivered into the lower end of the tubing via the product delivery
tube 19 and nozzle 31 during the intervals between formation of
successive end seals, valve 67 being opened by means of air
cylinder 79 for a time interval such as to provide the metered
quantity of product to be delivered.
It will be observed that the vertical plane in which the end
sealers 17 form the end seals is that diametrical plane of the
mandrel 9 which extends transversely in respect to the machine 1
(i.e., from side-to-side). The lower chisel edges 60 of the
spreader wings 53 lie generally in this plane, so that the tubing
is flattened in this plane in passing downward off the lower end of
the mandrel 9 to the carriage 15. The width of the lower end of the
spreading means 37 (i.e., the distance between edges 58)
corresponds generally to the circumference of the mandrel 9 for the
flattening of the tubing. Thus, the lower end portion of the tubing
below the spreading means, before delivery of the product thereto,
is generally flat, having generally flat opposed front and back
walls each having a width approximating half the circumference of
the mandrel, with some space at 55 at the top thereof. The portions
of the tubing passing downwardly over the converging front and back
faces 57 of the spreading means 37 are pressed against these faces
by the spring-biased presser plates 99 (which tend to move upward
while being angled as shown in FIG. 4 for this purpose), and this
in effect seals off the lower portion of the tubing below the
spreading means 37 from the portion of the tubing (and the space 55
in the mandrel) above the spreading means except for the orifice
143.
When the product (e.g., liquid milk) is delivered via the nozzle 31
to the tubing below the spreading means 37, it bulges out the
tubing, but the upper end portion of the tubing below the spreading
means 37 remains flattened out for engagement by the end sealers
17, and the resultant package is accordingly partially deflated so
that it is a soft package. The accuracy of delivery of the product
to the tubing is maintained despite the spreading out and
flattening of the tubing by means 37 and despite the pressing of
the opposed walls of the tubing against faces 57 by the presser
plates 99 due to the provision of the orifice 143, the size of
which is selected (by selection of plug 139) in accordance with the
amount of air or gas desired in the finished package.
By maintaining sterilized air in the space 87 in the mandrel 9 via
line 85, outside air is excluded from the packages being formed.
Only sterilized air from the mandrel may enter a package via the
orifice 143. As previously noted, a sterilizing gas such as
ethylene oxide may be used instead of sterilized air.
In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of
the invention are achieved and other advantageous results
attained.
As various changes could be made in the above constructions without
departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all
matter contained in the above description or shown in the
accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not
in a limiting sense.
* * * * *