U.S. patent number 3,678,978 [Application Number 05/017,045] was granted by the patent office on 1972-07-25 for locknut.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Standard Pressed Steel Co.. Invention is credited to Arthur B. Blum, James R. Davis.
United States Patent |
3,678,978 |
Davis , et al. |
July 25, 1972 |
LOCKNUT
Abstract
A locknut having a polygonal body portion with a frustoconical
crown extension at one end. A plurality of indentations are
provided in selected flat surfaces of the body portion to form a
corresponding number of locking regions in the bore of the nut.
Each indentation is curved so that the ends of the indentation are
deeper than the crest. As a result, the locking regions also are
curved but flatter than the initial curvature of the bore, whereby
added contact is provided between the locking regions and a mating
male member.
Inventors: |
Davis; James R. (Bloomfield
Hills, MI), Blum; Arthur B. (Utica, MI) |
Assignee: |
Standard Pressed Steel Co.
(Jenkintown, PA)
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Family
ID: |
26689381 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/017,045 |
Filed: |
March 10, 1970 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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765876 |
Oct 8, 1968 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
411/282;
411/937.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F16B
39/284 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F16B
39/284 (20060101); F16B 39/00 (20060101); F16b
039/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;151/21B,21A
;10/86A,86 |
Primary Examiner: Britts; Ramon S.
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 765,876,
filed Oct. 8, 1968, which application has now been abandoned.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A locknut having a body portion of polygonal external
cross-section and a frusto-conical extension at one end of said
body portion, said locknut also having a threaded bore extending
throughout the axial extent thereof, said body portion having a
plurality of radial indentations in selected flat surfaces thereof
spaced from the corners of said polygonal external cross-section,
and said threaded bore having a plurality of distorted locking
regions in radial and axial alignment with said indentations and
extending between relatively undistorted regions of said threaded
bore, said indentations intersecting said body portion and said
frustoconical extension whereby each of said indentations is
located partially within said body portion and partially within
said frusto-conical extension, said indentations being of a width
and of a height less than those of said flat surfaces, the
magnitude of said indentations being such that the locking regions
cause said locknut to be stressed elastically when said locknut
engages a mating threaded member, each indentation having an
arcuate inner wall which is part of a cylinder that either
surrounds or intersects said threaded bore and each locking region
being curved in generally the same direction as the direction of
curvature of said undistorted region, said inner wall being
substantially parallel to the axis of said locknut throughout its
axial extent, the radius of curvature of said locking regions being
greater than the radius of curvature of said undistorted
regions.
2. A locknut according to claim 1 wherein said arcuate inner walls
extend parallel to the axis of said locknut.
3. A locknut according to claim 1 wherein:
a. said external cross-section of said body portion is hexagonal
and said body portion has three indentations in alternate flat
surfaces thereof at the juncture of said body portion and said
frusto-conical section;
b. each of said indentations extends across 50 percent to 70
percent of the width of the flat surface in which it is located;
and
c. each of said indentations extends along 15 percent to 45 percent
of the height of said body portion of said locknut.
4. A locknut having a body portion of polygonal external
cross-section and a frusto-conical crown portion at one end of said
body portion, said locknut also having a threaded bore extending
axially thereof between the top end of said crown portion and a
second end of said body portion, said body portion having a
plurality of indentations in selected flat surfaces thereof spaced
from the corners of said polygonal external cross-section, and said
threaded bore having a corresponding number of distorted locking
regions in radial alignment with said indentations and extending
between relatively undistorted regions in said threaded bore, said
indentations intersecting said body portion and said crown portion
whereby each of said indentations is located partially within said
body portion and partially within said crown portion, said
indentations being of a width and of a height less than those of
said flat surfaces, said locking regions extending radially inward
of said undistorted regions and substantially perpendicular to the
axis of said locknut, the magnitude of said indentations being such
that the locking regions cause said locknut to be stressed
elastically when said locknut threadably engages a mating threaded
member, each of said indentations having a convexly curved inner
wall with ends indented further from the associated flat surface
than is the crest of said curved inner wall, said inner wall being
substantially parallel to said axis throughout its axial extent and
said locking regions being curved in generally the same direction
as the direction of curvature of said inner walls of said
indentations, the radius of curvature of said locking regions being
greater than the radius of curvature of said undistorted
regions.
5. A locknut according to claim 4 wherein said external
cross-section of said body portion is hexagonal and said body
portion has three indentations in alternate flat surfaces
thereof.
6. A locknut according to claim 4 wherein the curvature of said
inner walls of said indentations is more flat than the curvature of
said threaded bore prior to being distorted.
7. A locknut according to claim 5 wherein each of said indentations
extends across 50 percent to 70 percent of the width of the flat
surface in which it is located.
8. A locknut according to claim 7 wherein each of said indentations
extends along 15 percent to 45 percent of the height of said body
portion of said locknut.
9. A locknut having a body portion of polygonal external
cross-section and a frustoconical extension at one end of said body
portion, said locknut also having a threaded bore extending
throughout the axial extent thereof, said body portion having a
plurality of radial indentations in selected flat surfaces thereof
spaced from the corners of said polygonal external cross-section,
and said threaded bore having a plurality of distorted locking
regions in radial and axial alignment with said indentations and
extending between relatively undistorted regions of said threaded
bore, said indentations intersecting said body portion and said
frustoconical extension whereby each of said indentations is
located partially within said body portion and partially within
said frustoconical extension, said indentations being of a width
and of a height less than those of said flat surfaces, the
magnitude of said indentations being such that the locking regions
cause said locknut to be stressed elastically when said locknut
engages a mating threaded member, each indentation having an
arcuate inner wall which is part of a cylinder that either
surrounds or intersects said threaded bore and each locking region
being curved in generally the same direction as the direction of
curvature of said undistorted regions, the radius of curvature of
said locking regions being greater than the radius of curvature of
said undistorted regions.
10. A locknut having a body portion of polygonal external
cross-section and a frustoconical crown portion at one end of said
body portion, said locknut also having a threaded bore extending
axially thereof between the top end of said crown portion and a
second end of said body portion, said body portion having a
plurality of indentations in selected flat surfaces thereof spaced
from the corners of said polygonal external cross-section, and said
threaded bore having a corresponding number of distorted locking
regions in radial alignment with said indentations and extending
between relatively undistorted regions in said threaded bore, said
indentations intersecting said body portion and said crown portion
whereby each of said indentations is located partially within said
body portion and partially within said crown portion, said
indentations being of a width and of a height less than those of
said flat surfaces, said locking regions extending radially inward
of said undistorted regions and substantially perpendicular to the
axis of said locknut, the magnitude of said indentations being such
that the locking regions cause said locknut to be stressed
elastically when said locknut threadably engages a mating threaded
member, each of said indentations having a convexly curved inner
wall with ends indented further from the associated flat surface
than is the crest of said curved inner wall, and said locking
regions being curved in generally the same direction as the
direction of curvature of said inner walls of said indentations,
the radius of curvature of said locking regions being greater than
the radius of curvature of said undistorted regions.
Description
The present invention relates, in general, to locknuts and, in
particular, to nuts in which the thread is deformed over selected
regions, whereby a nut and a mating bolt are held together in
tightly fitted engagement.
Various locknuts are available at the present time in which the
locking characteristic is derived by deforming or indenting the
external surfaces of the nuts to develop deformed or distorted
regions within the threaded bores of the nuts. The deformations are
such that as the locknut engages a mating bolt, the nut is stressed
elastically and grips the bolt tightly.
For the most part, locknuts of this type which are available at the
present time fail to satisfy concurrently the requirements of
sufficient, uniform and controllable locking action, retention of
the desired locking characteristic after a number of applications
and removals, simplicity of design, ease of manufacture and
reasonable cost.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a
new and improved locknut.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a locknut
which derives its locking characteristic by being deformed at its
surface and which overcomes the limitations and shortcomings of
presently available, comparable devices.
These objects, as well as others, are achieved in accordance with a
preferred embodiment of the present invention by providing a
locknut having a polygonal body portion and frustoconical crown
portion at one end of the body portion. The body portion has a
plurality of indentations in selected flat surfaces thereof which
form a corresponding number of locking regions in the threaded bore
of the nut. The indentations intersect the body portion and the
frusto-conical crown portion whereby each indentation is located
partially within the body portion and partially within the
frustoconical crown portion. The locking regions extend in a
direction substantially perpendicular to the axis of the locknut
and the magnitude of the indentations is such that the locking
regions cause the locknut to be stressed elastically when the
locknut threadably engages a mating threaded member. Each
indentation includes an arcuate inner wall having a direction of
curvature such that the ends of the arcuate wall are indented
further than the crest. By shaping the indentations in this manner,
the locking regions also remain curved, except these curves are
flatter than the initial curvature of the bore of the nut. As a
result, added contact is provided between the curved locking
regions and a mating threaded member, whereby an improved locking
characteristic is derived.
For a better understanding of the present invention, together with
other and further objects thereof, reference is made to the
following description, taken in connection with the accompanying
drawing, and its scope will be pointed out in the appended
claims.
Referring to the drawing:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a locknut constructed in accordance
with the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, taken along line
2--2 of FIG. 1.
As shown in FIG. 1, a locknut 10, constructed in accordance with
the present invention, includes a polygonal body portion 12 and a
frustoconical crown portion 14. For the embodiment of the invention
illustrated, the external surface of body portion 14 is hexagonal.
A threaded bore 16 extends axially of nut 10 between upper end face
18 of crown portion 14 and lower end face 20 of body portion
12.
Locknut 10 is provided with a plurality of indentations 22 in
selected flat surfaces 12a of body portion 12. For the embodiment
of the invention illustrated, three indentations 22 are provided on
alternate flat surfaces 12a. Indentations 22 preferably are located
in the flat surfaces 12a at the juncture of body portion 12 and
crown portion 14 so that each indentation in the body portion
extends slightly into the crown portion.
As is clearly illustrated in FIG. 2, each indentation is defined by
an arcuate vertical inner wall 22a, a pair of vertical sidewalls
22b, and a horizontal base surface 22c. Each arcuate inner wall 22a
is a portion of a vertical cylinder having an axis which extends
parallel to the axis of nut 10. The direction of curvature of each
arcuate inner wall 22a is such that its cylinder either surrounds
or intersects the threaded bore 16 of the locknut. As a result, the
maximum depth of each indentation 22 occurs at the ends of the
arcuate wall 22a and along the lines of juncture of the arcuate
wall and vertical sidewalls 22b, while the minimum depth of each
indentation exists near the middle of the indentation at the crest
22d of the arcuate inner wall. For the preferred embodiment of the
invention being described, the height of each indentation 22 may be
from 15 percent to 45 percent of the height of flat surfaces 12a
with the height of these flat surfaces being defined as the
distance from lower end face 20 of the nut to the midpoint of
curved line 12b extending between the upper corners of flat
surfaces 12a. The width of each indentation may be from 50 percent
to 75 percent of the width of its associated flat surface 12a.
As indentations 22 are formed, a corresponding number of distorted
locking regions 24 are formed in threaded bore 16. Locking regions
24 are in radial and axial alignment with indentations 22. It is
seen from FIG. 2, that locking regions 24 are curved in generally
the same direction as the direction of curvature of arcuate walls
22a and extend between relatively undistorted regions 25 of the
threaded bore. The curvature of the locking regions is achieved by
the curved configuration of indentations 22. The radius of
curvature of locking regions 24 is greater than the radius of
curvature of regions 25 of the threaded bore and the radius of the
threaded bore prior to being distorted. As a result, the threaded
bore 16 assumes what may be termed a tri-roundular configuration.
The magnitude of indentations 22 is such that locking regions 24
cause locknut 10 to be stressed elastically as the locknut engages
a mating bolt.
By developing curved locking regions, greater contact area is
provided between the nut and a mating bolt than what may be
achieved with a flat or oppositely curved indentation. The curved
locking regions cause the distorted nut threads to conform more
closely to the bolt threads, whereas a flat or oppositely curved
indentation limits the contact area to a narrower region. Because
of the greater contact area, the locking force is distributed more
broadly to result in lower unit pressure in the contact area. This,
in turn, reduces the wear inherent in repeated installations and
removals of the nut onto and from the mating bolt and also reduces
the tendency toward galling. As a result, the curved locking
regions create an improved locking characteristic.
Indentations 22 are formed by correspondingly shaped tools (not
shown). To achieve the desired result, the tools are moved inward
radially to cause a corresponding radially inward deformation of
the threaded bore at the selected locations. By having the
indentations extend inwardly in a direction substantially
perpendicular to the axis of the locknut so that there is little,
if any, distortion of the threads in an axial direction, optimum
prevailing torque retention is achieved.
The radius of curvature of arcuate inner walls 22a may vary from
one application to another. It has been found that the radius of
the arcuate walls may be either less than or greater than the
radius of an imaginary circle centered on the axis of the nut and
tangent to the flat surfaces 12a. The range of the radius of
arcuate walls 22a may extend from one-half to twice the radius of
this imaginary circle.
The angle of vertical sidewalls 22b is selected to facilitate
removal of the forming tool after completion of formation of the
indentations. For the embodiment of the invention illustrated,
vertical sidewalls 22b of each indentation are disposed an angle of
45.degree. to the radius which bisects the arcuate segment.
However, a considerably smaller angle, for example, 10.degree., may
be used.
While there has been described what is at present considered to be
the preferred embodiment of this invention, it will be obvious to
those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may
be made therein without departing from the invention and it is,
therefore, aimed to cover all such changes and modifications as
fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
* * * * *