U.S. patent number 3,677,457 [Application Number 05/055,179] was granted by the patent office on 1972-07-18 for safety for fastener driving tool.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Fastener Corporation. Invention is credited to Raymond F. Novak, Howard B. Ramspeck.
United States Patent |
3,677,457 |
Ramspeck , et al. |
July 18, 1972 |
SAFETY FOR FASTENER DRIVING TOOL
Abstract
A pneumatic fastener driving tool includes a safety arrangement
that requires the tool to be placed against a workpiece before a
manual trigger valve is operated in order to permit the tool to
fire. Once the tool is placed against the workpiece the safety
arrangement prevents "touch" firing by moving the tool toward and
away from the workpiece. In one embodiment, the safety arrangement
includes a fluid controlled piston which is operated to
mechanically latch a workpiece actuated safety in its normal
position to prevent tool operation whenever the trigger is operated
before the tool is placed against a workpiece and whenever an
attempt is made to "touch" fire the tool with the trigger held
operated. In a second embodiment, a fluid controlled piston
mechanically latches the trigger valve in normal position until
after the workpiece actuated safety has been operated.
Inventors: |
Ramspeck; Howard B. (Chicago,
IL), Novak; Raymond F. (Schiller Park, IL) |
Assignee: |
Fastener Corporation (Franklin
Park, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
21996153 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/055,179 |
Filed: |
July 15, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
227/8; 91/356;
227/130; 91/461 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B27F
7/34 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B27F
7/00 (20060101); B27F 7/34 (20060101); B27f
007/22 () |
Field of
Search: |
;227/7,8,130
;91/216R,355,356,461 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Custer, Jr.; Granville Y.
Claims
What is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the
United States is:
1. In a tool for driving fasteners into a workpiece using a fluid
motor to actuate a fastener driver,
a reservoir of pressurized fluid in the tool,
trigger valve means for controlling the application of fluid from
the reservoir to the motor, the actuation of the trigger valve
means from a normal position to an operated position being
effective to cause the operation of the fluid motor,
safety means actuated from a normal position to an operated
position when the tool is disposed adjacent a workpiece,
a movably mounted interlock member interconnecting the trigger
valve means and the safety means and movable in opposite directions
between normal and displaced positions,
separate biasing means for biasing the interlock member in opposite
directions,
and control means responsive to actuation of the one of trigger
valve means and the safety means for controlling the forces of the
biasing means to permit movement of the interlock member so that
the safety means must be actuated to its operated position before
the trigger valve means can be actuated to its operated
position.
2. The fastener driving tool set forth in claim 1 in which
one of the separate biasing means is fluid pressure.
3. The fastener driving tool set forth in claim 1 in which
one of the separate biasing means is a resilient means.
4. The fastener driving tool set forth in claim 1 in which
the interlock member is resiliently biased to a normal position
mechanically blocking movement of the trigger valve means to its
operated position,
the interlock member is continuously fluid biased toward a
displaced position freeing the trigger valve means for movement to
its operated position,
and the control means includes means for relieving the resilient
bias when the safety means is actuated to its operated position to
permit the interlock member to be moved to its displaced
position.
5. The tool set forth in claim 4 in which
the trigger valve means includes a valve stem slidably mounted for
movement along a given line,
and the interlock member is slidably mounted for movement generally
perpendicular to said given line to engage said valve stem.
6. The tool set forth in claim 5 in which
the valve stem is disposed in a cylinder and includes a fluid
pressure receiving surface in the cylinder,
the interlock member includes a fluid pressure receiving surface
communicating with the cylinder,
and means coupling the cylinder to the reservoir so that the fluid
provided to the cylinder biases both the valve stem and the
interlock member.
7. The tool set forth in claim 5 in which
the safety means is movable in a direction generally parallel to
said given line and includes a control surface engaging one end of
the interlock member.
8. The tool set forth in claim 7 in which
a common resilient means biases the safety means to its normal
position and the interlock member to its normal position.
9. The fastener driving tool set forth in claim 1 in which
the interlock member is fluid biased to a normal position freeing
the safety means for movement to its operated position,
the interlock member is continuously resiliently biased to its
displaced position in which the safety means is locked in its
normal position,
and control means includes means responsive to the position of the
trigger valve means for controlling the fluid bias applied to the
interlock member to permit the interlock member to move to its
displaced position when the trigger valve means is actuated to its
operated position prior to the operation of the safety means.
10. The fastener driving tool set forth in claim 9 in which
the interlock member is a piston slidable in a cylinder,
and the control means includes a passage for supplying fluid from
the reservoir to the piston through the trigger valve means.
11. The fastener driving tool set forth in claim 9 in which
the safety means includes a movable structure with a locking
surface thereon aligned with and adapted to be engaged by the
interlock member to prevent movement of the safety means from its
normal position when the interlock member is in its displaced
position.
12. In a tool for driving fasteners into a workpiece using a fluid
motor having a main valve for admitting fluid to actuate a fastener
driver and a fluid control for the main valve,
a reservoir of pressurized fluid in the tool,
trigger valve means having an outlet normally coupled to the
reservoir when the trigger valve means is in a normal position, the
trigger valve means being operable to an operated position to
couple the outlet to the atmosphere,
passage means coupling the outlet to the fluid control for the main
valve to control the operation of the main valve,
a cylinder coupled to said outlet,
a piston slidably mounted in the cylinder,
bias means acting on the piston to bias the piston in one
direction, the fluid provided to the cylinder from the outlet
acting on the piston to bias the piston in a direction opposite to
the one direction,
workpiece engaging means having a normal position and operable to
an operated position when the tool is placed adjacent a
workpiece,
and cooperating latching means on the piston and workpiece engaging
means movable into latching relation when the workpiece engaging
means is in its normal position and the piston is moved by said
bias means.
13. The tool set forth in claim 12 in which
the workpiece engaging means includes a retaining structure for
retaining the piston against movement by the bias means when the
workpiece engaging means is moved away from its normal
position.
14. The tool set forth in claim 12 including
safety valve means actuated by the workpiece engaging means and
coupled to the passage means.
Description
The present invention relates to a fastener driving tool and more
particularly to a safety arrangement for a fastener driving tool
which prevents accidental or inadvertent firing of the tool.
Pneumatic fastener driving tools, particularly those adapted to
drive large fasteners in certain industrial working conditions,
have long included safety devices effective to prevent the tool
from being fired or operated by trigger actuation unless or until
the tool is adjacent the workpiece. These safety devices have
included both pneumatic and mechanical interlocks. Some of these
safety devices are such that the safety and trigger can be operated
in any sequence, and others require the operation of the safety
prior to the operation of the trigger. Some of these safety
devices, generally those that are indifferent to the sequence of
the trigger and safety operation, are capable of "touch" firing,
i.e., the tool can be operated by moving the tool toward and away
from the workpiece while holding the trigger operated. This "touch"
firing is quite desirable in a number of applications because it
increases the speed at which the fasteners can be driven.
As an example, the mechanical safety arrangement shown and
described in U. S. Pat. No. 3,198,412 and shown in FIGS. 1-5 of U.
S. Pat. No. 3,056,965 are ones in which the usual trigger control
is mechanically locked in a released state until a mechanical latch
is released by placing the tool against a workpiece. This
mechanical latch is, however, incapable of "touch" firing. In the
mechanical arrangement shown, for example, in FIGS. 6-11 of U. S.
Pat. No. 3,056,965 and in U. S. Pat. No. 3,194,324, the safety
arrangements include differential levers or shifting lever fulcrums
to achieve "touch" firing of the tool using the safety. However,
these tools are not disabled when the trigger is actuated prior to
the safety. The natures of these mechanical interlocks used to
achieve either control over the sequence of safety-trigger
operation or "touch" firing using the safety are not such that a
single basic tool design can be used in the factory to construct
either of the two types of controls. Further, the mechanical
linkages are often capable of being "teased" with the result that
undesired multiple firing may occur due to tool recoil.
Pneumatic safety arrangements are known which require the tool to
be adjacent the workpiece before the tool can be fired. Examples of
this type of safety are shown and described in U. S. Pat. Nos.
2,979,725; 3,112,489; and 3,252,641. In this type of safety, the
tool is operated by the last to be operated of the trigger and
safety, and there is no control requiring the safety to be operated
first in order to fire the tool. These tools are, however, capable
of "touch" firing.
There is a growing tendency to establish more demanding safety
standards for pneumatic fastener driving tools, particularly those
tools using larger fasteners and particularly in those industrial
applications in which working conditions are such that accidental
operation of a tool may cause injury. These standards can require
two separate and distinct operations to cause the operation of the
tool, or that the tool cannot be operated unless the tool is placed
against a workpiece before the trigger is operated, or that the
tool is disabled if the tool is lifted from the workpiece, thus
preventing "touch" firing. It would be desirable to satisfy all of
these standards with a pneumatic or fluid controlled safety because
of the advantages in this type of control. Further, because the
safety standards are not universally applicable, it would be
desirable to provide a basic tool that could be factory constructed
to either meet these standards or provide the old safety
arrangement providing "touch" firing.
Accordingly, one object of the present invention is to provide a
new and improved pneumatic or fluid actuated fastener driving
tool.
Another object is to provide a fastener driving tool including a
new and improved safety arrangement.
A further object is to provide a new and improved fluid controlled
safety arrangement for fastener driving tools which requires the
operation of the safety prior to the manual or trigger operation of
the tool in order to achieve tool operation.
A further object is to provide a new and improved fluid controlled
safety for a fastener driving tool which prevents "touch" firing of
the tool.
A further object is to provide a pneumatically controlled
mechanical interlock for a fastener driving tool which positively
controls the sequence of trigger and safety actuation to permit
these to be actuated in only a proper sequence.
In accordance with these and many other objects, an embodiment of
the present invention comprises a pneumatically actuated tool for
driving fasteners such as staples and nails which includes a
housing defining a pressurized fluid reservoir and including a
cylinder in which is slidably mounted a piston actuated fastener
driving means. A main valve assembly and an exhaust valve assembly
for the top of the cylinder are provided by which the upper end of
the interior of the cylinder is selectively connected to the
reservoir or to the atmosphere to drive the fastener driving means
through power and return strokes. The main and exhaust valve means
are selectively controlled by a trigger actuated valve means and a
safety means actuated by engagement between the tool and the
workpiece in which the fastener is to be driven. A pneumatically
controlled mechanical interlock is provided coupling the safety
means and the trigger valve means to insure that the trigger and
safety cannot be operated in an improper sequence and to further
insure that, once the tool has been removed from the workpiece, the
tool cannot be again actuated without releasing and reoperating the
trigger in a proper sequence with the safety means.
In one embodiment, a fluid controlled piston mechanically latches
the safety means in a normal position when the trigger is operated
before the safety. In this embodiment, the release of the safety
while the trigger is held operated also causes the piston to latch
the safety in its normal or released position to prevent "touch"
firing. In a second embodiment, a fluid controlled piston
mechanically latches the trigger in its normal or released position
until after the safety has been operated. In this embodiment, the
release of the safety controls the piston to latch the trigger in
its normal position any time that the trigger is released with the
safety also released.
Many other objects and advantages of the present invention will
become apparent from considering the following detailed description
in conjunction with the drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary sectional view of a pneumatic fastener
driving tool including a safety control assembly forming a first
embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along line 2--2 in
FIG. 1 showing the safety control assembly in a normal
position;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view similar to FIG. 1 and
illustrating an improper tool operation;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along line 4--4 in
FIG. 3 illustrating the safety control assembly in an actuated
position;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view of another pneumatic
fastener driving tool including a safety control assembly forming a
second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6--6 in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view partially in
schematic form taken along line 7--7 in FIG. 5 and illustrating the
safety control assembly in a normal position; and
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary sectional view similar to FIG. 7 showing
the safety control assembly in an operated position.
Referring now more specifically to FIG. 1 of the drawings, therein
is illustrated a fastener driving tool which is indicated generally
as 20 and which embodies the present invention. The tool 20
includes a housing 22 with a hollow handle portion 22A forming a
reservoir 24 continuously supplied with a pressurized fluid such as
compressed air. Disposed within the housing is a cylinder 26
containing a slidably mounted piston (not shown) to which the upper
end of a fastener driving blade or element 30 is secured. The lower
end of the blade 30 is slidably received within a drive track 32
formed within a nosepiece structure 34 to which fasteners such as
individual staples 36 are successively supplied by a magazine
assembly indicated generally as 38. The open upper end of the
cylinder 26 is normally closed by a combined main valve and exhaust
assembly (not shown).
The operation of the tool 20 or more specifically of the fluid
motor provided by the cylinder 26 and the piston is controlled by a
safety valve assembly indicated generally as 46 and a trigger valve
means or assembly indicated generally as 48. A safety control
assembly indicated generally as 50 including the valve means 46 and
48 permits the operation of the main valve 40 to admit pressurized
air from the reservoir 24 into the cylinder 26 to drive the blade
30 through a fastener driving stroke only when the safety valve
assembly 46 is actuated by placing the nosepiece 34 adjacent a
workpiece and thereafter actuating the trigger valve assembly 48.
If the tool 20 is lifted away from the workpiece so as to release
the safety valve assembly 46 following an initial operation of the
tool and during a period in which the trigger valve means 48 is
maintained operated, as in an effort to achieve "touch" firing, the
assembly 50 disables the tool 20 from further operation until the
trigger 48 has been released and again operated following movement
of the nosepiece 34 against the workpiece.
The construction and operation of the tool 20 except for the safety
control arrangement or assembly 50 is shown and described in U. S.
Pat. No. 2,979,725 and in a contemporaneously filed application,
Ser. No. 55,178. Accordingly, only a brief summary of the
construction and operation of this tool is set forth herein. It
should be understood that many other arrangements using fluid
actuated piston or diaphragm main valve and exhaust assemblies that
are well known in the art can be used with the safety control
assembly 50 of the present invention.
The cylinder 26 includes a piston portion 26A slidably mounted
within a cylindrical insert 52 in the housing 22 with the upper
surface of the piston portion 26A continuously exposed to the
pressurized fluid or compressed air in the reservoir 24. In the
normal condition of the tool 20 shown in FIG. 1, the area beneath
the piston 26A and a similar shouldered portion on the lower end of
the cylinder 26 are disposed within a chamber 54 supplied with
pressurized fluid through an inlet passage 56 so that the upper
edge of the cylinder 26 is pneumatically biased upwardly by a net
upwardly directed force against the main valve assembly.
When the tool 20 is to be operated, the passage 56 is connected to
the atmosphere under the control of the assemblies 46, 48, and 50,
and the pressurized fluid acting on the upper surface of the piston
portion 26A moves the cylinder 26 downwardly to separate its upper
edge from the main valve. This opens the main valve and closes the
exhaust valve so that the piston actuated blade 30 is driven
downwardly by the pressurized fluid admitted to the cylinder 26
from the reservoir 24. As the cylinder 26 moves downwardly, an
opening 64 therein moves into alignment with an opening 66 in the
housing 22 to provide a vent or exhaust connection for the air
trapped beneath the piston. During this downward movement, the
lower end of the blade 30 strikes a staple 36 and drives it through
the drive track 32 into the workpiece.
When the tool 20 is to be released, the assemblies 46, 48, and 50
again supply compressed air to the passage 56 in the chamber 54 so
that the cylinder 26 is moved upwardly to cause closure of the main
valve and opening of the exhaust valve. Further, the opening 64 is
moved out of alignment with the opening 66 to seal off the lower
end of the interior of the cylinder 26, and another opening or
passage 68 in the lower end of the cylinder 26 is moved into
alignment with a discharge opening from a passage 70 in the housing
22. Whenever the piston 28 is displaced from its normal position, a
valve assembly indicated generally as 72 is opened to interconnect
the passage 70 with a passage 74 that is continuously supplied with
pressurized fluid from the reservoir 24. Accordingly, pressurized
piston return air from the reservoir 24 is now supplied beneath the
piston to restore it and the blade 30 to their normal positions.
When the blade 30 reaches this position, a depression in its lower
end releases the valve 72 so that compressed air is no longer
supplied to the interior of the cylinder 26. This completes the
power and return strokes of the fastener driving blade 30 under the
control of the fluid motor.
The safety control assembly 50 including the safety valve assembly
or safety means 46 and the trigger valve means 48 selectively
control the alternate connection of the passage 56 to the
atmosphere and to the pressurized fluid in the reservoir 24 in
accordance with the conditions under which the tool 20 can be
operated. The safety valve assembly 46 is substantially identical
to that shown and described in the above-identified U.S. Pat. No.
2,979,725 and includes a valve stem 80 slidably mounted within a
sleeve 82 in the housing 22. A somewhat U-shaped element 84
connected to an intermediate portion of the valve stem 80 carries a
wire frame or actuating element 86 which protrudes slightly below
the lower end of the nosepiece structure 34 and is adapted to be
moved upwardly and to produce a corresponding upward movement of
the valve stem 80 when the tool 20 is placed against a workpiece,
this movement taking place against the resilient bias of a
compression spring 88 coupled to the lower end of the valve stem
80.
In the normal position of the safety valve 46 shown in FIG. 1,
compressed air is supplied directly from the reservoir 24 to the
passage 56 through a bore 90 and an opening 92 from the bore 90
through the wall of the stem 80. When the operator 86 engages the
workpiece to move the valve stem 80 upwardly against the resilient
bias provided by the spring 88, the passage 92 is sealed off by the
sleeve 82 and a reduced diameter portion 80A on the valve stem 80
places the passage 56 in communication with a passage 94. Whenever
the tool 20 is moved away from the workpiece, the bias provided by
the spring 88 coupled with pneumatic bias applied to the exposed
upper surfaces of the stem 80 move the stem from the actuated
position to the normal position shown in FIG. 1.
The trigger valve assembly 48 is substantially identical to that
shown and described in detail in the above-identified U.S. Pat. No.
2,979,725. In general, the assembly 48 includes a ball valve 96
resting on an O-ring 98 within a valve chamber 100 in the housing
22. The upper end of the chamber 100 is placed in direct
communication with the reservoir 24 through a passage or opening
102. In the normal position of the valve assembly 48, compressed
air is supplied through the passage 102 in the chamber 100 to the
passage 94. When a trigger element 106 pivotally mounted on the
housing 22 is actuated or pivoted in a counterclockwise direction,
a fluted or ribbed valve stem 108 is moved upwardly to engage the
ball valve 96 and move it upwardly to the position shown, for
example, in FIG. 3 in which the passage 102 is closed. In this
position, the ball valve 96 no longer rests on the resilient O-ring
98, and the chamber 100 as well as the passage 94 is connected to
the atmosphere through the recesses in the fluted valve stem 108.
When the trigger 106 is released, the pneumatic bias applied to the
ball 96 by the pressurized fluid in the reservoir 24 restores the
trigger valve assembly 48 to the condition shown in FIG. 1.
To mechanically interlock the actuation of the safety means or
assembly 46 and the trigger assembly 48, the safety control
assembly 50 is provided. This assembly includes a fluid actuated
latch or piston 110 having a small diameter portion 110A and a
large diameter portion 110B. The fluid controlled piston 110 is
slidably mounted within a corresponding two diameter cylinder 112
extending generally transverse to the direction of elongation of
the housing 22. The interface between the piston 110 and the
cylinder 112 is sealed by a pair of O-rings carried on the piston
portions 110A and 110B. The piston 110 is normally held in the
position shown in FIG. 2 by pressurized fluid supplied to the
cylinder 112 from the passage 94 through a passage 113. The
pneumatic bias supplied to the exposed face of the large diameter
portion 110B of the piston 110 is greater than the oppositely
directed bias provided by a compression spring 114 received within
a recess in the larger diameter piston portion 110B and acting
between a wall of the piston 110 and the inner wall of a closure
cap 115 threadedly mounted on the housing 22 to close one end of
the cylinder 112.
To permit the piston 110 to control the selective actuation or
freedom of movement of the safety means 46, the coupling element 84
for the safety means 46 includes an offset arm 84A, the free end of
which slidably engages one side wall of the housing 22. A threaded
fastener 116 cooperating with a slot 117 in the free end of the
operator extension 84A mounts the extension 84A for sliding
movement relative to the handle. In the normal position of the
safety means 46, an opening 118 is aligned with and adapted to
receive the outer end of the small diameter portion 110A on the
piston 110. This portion 110A engages a locking surface defined by
the edges of the opening 118 to provide a lock for preventing
movement or operation of the safety means 46 when the piston 110 is
in the position shown in FIG. 4.
Assuming that the tool 20 is to be operated in the proper sequence
by first actuating the safety means 46 followed by the actuation of
the trigger valve assembly 48, the operator places the nosepiece 34
of the tool 20 against the workpiece and moves the actuating
element 86 upwardly. This movement of the element 86 moves the
element 84 and the connected valve stem 80 upwardly so that the
passage 92 is closed by the sleeve 82, and the reduced diameter
portion 80A moves into alignment with the passages 56 and 94 to
place these passages in communication. Since compressed air is
supplied to these passages by the passage 102, the chamber 54
remains filled with pressurized fluid, and the tool 20 is not
operated. The upward movement of the element 84 moves the extension
or arm 84A upwardly to move the opening 118 out of alignment with
the small diameter portion 110A of the piston 110.
The operator now actuates the trigger valve assembly 48 by pivoting
the trigger 106 in a counterclockwise direction to move the valve
stem 108 upwardly. The upper end of the valve stem 108 lifts the
ball valve 96 out of engagement with the O-ring 98 and into a
position in which the ball valve 96 closes the passage or opening
102. The passages 56 and 94 are now connected to the atmosphere
along the flutes on the valve stem 108, and the pressurized fluid
is discharged from the chamber 54. This permits the operation of
the tool in the manner describe above.
When the passage 94 is connected to the atmosphere, pressurized
fluid within the cylinder 112 is also discharged to the atmosphere
through the passage 113 (FIG. 2). This permits the bias spring 114
to attempt to shift the piston 110 to the left. Since the opening
118 is no longer aligned with the small diameter portion 110A of
the piston 110, the end of the small diameter piston portion 110A
bears against the adjacent wall of the extension 84A of the
operator 84, and the piston 110 remains in its normal position.
Assuming that the operator now attempts to "touch" fire the tool 20
while operating the trigger valve means assembly 48, the safety
control assembly 50 is moved to the position shown in FIG. 3 when
the operator lifts the nosepiece 34 of the tool 20 off of the
workpiece. In this position the valve stem 80 and the operator 84
are moved downwardly by the compression spring 88 and the fluid
bias from the reservoir 24 so that the passage 92 again
communicates with the passage 56 and supplies pressurized fluid
from the reservoir 24 through the bore 90 to pressurize the chamber
54. This moves the cylinder 26 upwardly and restores the tool 20 to
its normal condition. However, when the valve stem 80 and the
operator 84 move to the position shown in FIG. 3, the opening 118
is moved into alignment with the small diameter portion 110A of the
piston and the small diameter portion 110A moves into the opening
118 (FIG. 4) under the resilient bias of the compression spring
114. This movement is permitted because the passageway 94 and thus
the cylinder 112 through the passage 113 are maintained at
atmospheric pressure because of the actuated state of the valve 48.
When the small diameter portion 110A moves into the opening 118,
the operator linkage 84 is positively locked in its normal
position. Thus, if the operator makes an attempt to reactuate the
tool by again pressing the nosepiece 34 of this tool against the
workpiece, the actuator 86 cannot be moved upwardly, and the safety
valve means 46 cannot be moved from its normal position in which
the opening 92 continuously supplies pressurized fluid to the
chamber 54. Thus, the tool 20 cannot be operated.
The tool can be reoperated only by releasing the trigger valve
assembly 48. When this happens, pressurized fluid from the
reservoir 24 flows through the opening 102 into the passage 94 and
from this passage through the passage 113 to the cylinder 112. The
pneumatic bias provided by this fluid exceeds the resilient bias
provided by the spring 114 and forces the piston 110 from the
position shown in FIG. 4 to the position shown in FIG. 2. This
withdraws the small diameter portion 110A of the piston from the
opening 118 and permits actuation of the safety assembly 46.
Assuming that the operator attempts to operate the tool 20 from its
normal position (FIG. 1) by first actuating the trigger valve
assembly 48, the actuation of the trigger valve assembly 48 places
the control assembly 50 in the position shown in FIG. 3. The ball
valve 96 closes off the passageway 94 from the reservoir 24 and
connects this passage to the atmosphere along the flutes on the
valve stem 108. This discharges the air from the cylinder 112, and
the piston 110 is moved to the position shown in FIG. 4 by the
resilient bias provided by the compression spring 114. In this
position the small diameter portion 110A of the piston 110 enters
the opening 118 on the extension 84A of the operator 84 and
positively locks the safety means 46 in its normal condition. Thus,
when the operator makes an attempt to complete the sequence for
operating the tool 20, the actuator 86 cannot be elevated, the
safety means 46 cannot be operated, and the tool 20 cannot be
operated. The tool can be operated only by releasing the trigger
valve assembly 48 to again pressurize the cylinder 102 so that the
piston 110 is retracted to its normal position.
Referring now more specifically to FIGS. 5-8 of the drawings,
therein is illustrated a fastener driving tool which is indicated
generally as 120 and which forms a second embodiment of the present
invention. The tool 120 includes a housing 122 with a hollow handle
portion 122A forming a reservoir 124 continuously supplied with a
pressurized fluid such as compressed air. Disposed within the
housing is a cylinder 126 containing a slidably mounted piston 128
to which the upper end of a fastener driving blade or element 130
is secured. The lower end of the blade 130 is slidably received
within a drive track 132 formed within a nosepiece structure 134 to
which fasteners, such as individual staples 136, are successively
supplied by a magazine assembly indicted generally as 138. The open
upper end of the cylinder 126 is normally closed by a main valve
and exhaust assembly indicated generally as 140 and which is
slidably mounted on a closure gap 144 which closes and forms part
of the housing 122.
The operation of the tool 120 is controlled by a safety assembly
indicated generally as 146 and a trigger valve means or assembly
indicated generally as 148. A safety control assembly indicated
generally as 150 including the assemblies 148 and 148 permits the
operation of the main valve means 140 to admit pressurized air from
the reservoir 124 into the cylinder 126 to drive the piston 128
through a fastener driving stroke only when the safety assembly 146
is actuated by placing the nosepiece 134 adjacent a workpiece and
thereafter actuating the trigger valve assembly 148.
The construction and operation of the tool 120 except for the
safety control assembly 150 is shown and described in detail in a
copending application of Raymond F. Novak, Ser. No. 837,696, filed
June 30, 1969. Accordingly, only a brief summary of the
construction and operation of this tool is set forth herein.
In the normal condition of the tool 120, the trigger valve assembly
148 normally supplies compressed air over a passage 152 to a
chamber or cylinder 154 in which is slidably mounted a generally
annular body of the combined main and exhaust valve 140, and the
pressurized fluid supplied to the cylinder 154 biases the valve
means 140 downwardly to seat on the open upper end of the cylinder
126. When the passageway 152 is connected to the atmosphere, the
compressed air in the reservoir 124 moves the main valve 140
upwardly to admit pressurized fluid from the reservoir 124 to the
top of the cylinder 126. In moving upwardly, a surface 140A on the
main valve 140 seats against the edge of a generally circular
resilient member 156 to seal off an exhaust system for the cylinder
126 including an exhaust passage 158. In this connection, upward
movement of the main valve 140 is arrested short of contact with
the illustrated portion of the top wall of the cylinder 154 by
stops (not shown) with the surface 140A in sealing engagement with
the member 156.
The compressed air admitted to the cylinder 126 drives the piston
128 downwardly so that the lower end of the fastener driving blade
130 engages and drives a staple 136 supplied to the drive track
132. When the piston 128 strikes a resilient bumper 160 disposed
within the lower end of the cylinder 126, compressed air passes
through a passageway 162 in the piston and through an opening 164
in the wall of the cylinder 26 to be accumulated within a piston
return air reservoir 166.
To return the tool 120 to a normal position, pressurized fluid is
again supplied over the passageway 152 to the cylinder 154. This
pneumatic bias coupled with the resilient bias provided by
compression springs (not shown) acting on the top surface of the
main valve 140 moves the valve downwardly to the normal position
shown in FIG. 5. At the same time the exhaust passageway 158 is
opened so that a portion of the interior of the cylinder 126
disposed above the piston 128 is exhausted to the atmosphere. At
this time compressed air in the storage or return reservoir 166
flows into the lower end of the cylinder 126 below the piston 128
through a series of ports 168. This compressed air restores the
piston 128 to its normal position shown in FIG. 5.
The safety assembly including the trigger valve means 148 and the
safety means 146 is formed as a separate subassembly which is
secured to an outer surface of the housing 122 to facilitate the
construction of the tool 120. This unitary subassembly includes,
for example, a housing 170 secured to the housing 122 of the tool
120 by a plurality of removable or threaded fasteners 172. The only
interconnection between this subassembly and the tool 122 except
for linkages forming a part of the safety means 146 are a group of
passageways, one of which forms a termination of the passageway 152
and the other of which communicates with a passageway 174 extending
to the reservoir 124.
The safety means 146 includes a rod 176 slidably mounted within a
vertically extending opening in the housing 170 and resiliently
biased to an upper position determined by engagement with the wall
of the housing 122 by a compression spring 178. To provide a means
for shifting the position of the rod 176, a linkage is provided
including a toggle plate 180 pivotally mounted about a shift 182.
One end of the plate 180 is coupled to the lower end of the rod 176
by an actuator element 184 pivotally coupled to one end of the
plate 180. An additional actuator element 186 whose lower end is
disposed adjacent the lower end of the nosepiece structure 134 and
is adapted to engage the workpiece is pivotally coupled to the
other end of the plate 180. Thus, the compression spring 178 in
addition to biasing the rod 176 against the stop formed by the
housing 122 also resiliently biases the linkage to a position in
which the lower end of the actuating element 186 projects slightly
beyond or below the lower end of the nosepiece structure 134.
When the tool 120 is placed adjacent a workpiece, the lower end of
the actuator 186 engages the workpiece and moves upwardly to pivot
the plate 180 in a clockwise direction about the shaft 182 to the
position shown in FIG. 8. This movement of the plate 180 is
effective through the actuator 184 to move the rod 176 downwardly
against the bias afforded by the spring 178 to the position shown
in FIG. 8. When the tool 120 is moved away from the workpiece, the
compression spring 178 restores the rod 176 and the linkage coupled
thereto to its normal position determined by engagement of the
upper end of the rod 176 with the aligned portion of the wall of
the housing 122.
The trigger valve assembly 148 includes a valve element 188
slidably mounted within a cylinder or bore 190 in the housing 170
and carrying a pair of spaced O-rings 192 and 194. The cylinder 190
includes two ports or passages 196 and 198 (FIGS. 5 and 7) that are
placed in continuous communication with the pressurized fluid in
the reservoir 124 through the passage 174 and a connecting recessed
surface on the rear wall of the housing 170. The compressed air
supplied by the port 198 continuously biases the valve element or
valve piston 188 upwardly to the normal position shown in FIGS. 5
and 7 so that the upper end of the valve element 188 bears against
a nose on a trigger 200 which is pivotally mounted on the housing
170 by a pivot pin 202. In this position compressed air supplied
from the port 196 passes within the cylinder 190 in the area
bounded by the two O-rings 192 and 194 to be supplied to the inlet
to the passage 152. Thus, in the normal condition of the trigger
valve assembly 148, pressurized fluid is continuously supplied over
the passage 152 to the cylinder or chamber 154 (FIG. 5).
To provide means for interlocking or relating the operations of the
trigger valve assembly 148 and the safety means 146, a fluid
actuated piston 204 is provided carrying an O-ring 206 and slidable
within a cylinder 208 extending transverse to and interconnecting
the cylinder 190 and the cylinder in which the rod 176 is slidably
mounted. The compressed air continuously supplied to the lower end
of the cylinder or bore 190 by the passage 198 continuously biases
the piston 204 toward the right (FIG. 7) so that one end of the
piston 204 bears against the rod 176. In this position the
left-hand end of the piston 204 underlies the valve element 188
within the bore 190 and prevents downward movement of the valve
element 188.
Accordingly, the valve element 188 and thus the trigger valve
assembly 148 is positively and mechanically locked in its normal
position in the normal condition of the tool 120. If the tool 120
is to be operated, the operator must first place the nosepiece
structure 134 against the workpiece so that the linkage described
above moves the rod 176 downwardly against the bias of the spring
178 to the position shown in FIG. 8. As the rod 176 moves
downwardly to this position, a recessed portion 176A having an
inclined or cammed surface forming a part thereof moves into
alignment with the piston 204 and permits the piston 204 to move to
the right under pneumatic bias from the position shown in FIG. 7 to
the position shown in FIG. 8. The recess 176A is of sufficient
extent to permit the left-hand end of the piston 204 to move beyond
and out of an interfering relation with the lower wall of the valve
element 188 when the rod 176 is fully lowered.
The trigger valve assembly 148 can then be manually actuated by the
operator by pivoting the trigger 200 in a counterclockwise
direction about the shaft 202. The nose of the trigger 200 moves
the valve element 188 downwardly against the resilient bias
provided by the pressurized fluid supplied through the passageway
198 to the fully depressed position shown in FIG. 8. In this
position the upper O-ring 192 closes off communication between the
passageway 196 and the entrance to the passageway 152 so that
pressurized fluid is no longer supplied to the passageway 152.
Further, the upper O-ring 192 moves below the port terminating the
passageway 152 so that this passageway is connected to the
atmosphere by passing around the upper end of the valve element
188. This causes the operation of the tool 120 in the manner
described above.
If the trigger 200 is now released, the pneumatic bias acting on
the lower end of the valve element 188 pivots the trigger 200 in a
clockwise direction about the shaft 202 to the normal position
shown in FIGS. 5 and 7. As the valve element 188 moves upwardly,
the upper O-ring 192 closes off communication between the port
terminating the passage 152 and places this port in communication
with the port terminating the passage 196 in the portion of the
interior of the cylinder 190 bounded by the O-rings 192 and 194.
This returns the flow of pressurized fluid over the passageway 152
to the cylinder 154 to close the combined main-exhaust valve means
140 and completes the operating cycle of the tool 120. The tool 120
can be reoperated by manually actuating the trigger 200 and the
trigger valve assembly 148 so long as the safety means 146 is held
actuated by a maintaining engagement between the nosepiece
structure 134 and the workpiece. If, however, the tool 120 is
lifted off the workpiece during the interval in which the trigger
is released, the resilient bias provided by the spring 178 exceeds
the pneumatic bias provided by the air within the cylinder 208, and
the inclined surface on the recessed portion 176A is effective as
the rod 176 is elevated to cam the piston 204 to its normal
position (FIG. 7) disposed below the lower end of the valve element
188. This prevents reoperation of the tool 120 under the control of
the trigger valve assembly 148 until the safety means 146 is again
actuated. If the safety means 146 is released by lifting the tool
120 from the workpiece during the time in which the valve element
188 is held in its lower position (FIG. 8), the compression spring
178 biases the left-hand surface of the piston 204 against the side
surface of the valve element 188, and the piston 204 will move
beneath the valve element 188 as soon as the trigger valve assembly
148 is released. This prevents any further operation of the tool
until the safety means 146 is next operated.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to
two illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that
numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by
those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope
of the principles of the present invention.
* * * * *