U.S. patent number 3,677,354 [Application Number 05/098,273] was granted by the patent office on 1972-07-18 for device for stabilizing the course of the tunnelling element.
Invention is credited to Nikolai Prokhorovich Chepurnoi, Konstantin Stepanovich Gurkov, Khai Berkovich Ikach, Alexandr Dmitrievich Kostylev.
United States Patent |
3,677,354 |
Kostylev , et al. |
July 18, 1972 |
DEVICE FOR STABILIZING THE COURSE OF THE TUNNELLING ELEMENT
Abstract
A device for stabilizing the course of the tunnelling element,
provided with a follow-up unit interacting with the walls of the
hole and operating the power units which introduce corrections into
the course of the tunnelling element.
Inventors: |
Kostylev; Alexandr Dmitrievich
(Novosibirsk, SU), Gurkov; Konstantin Stepanovich
(Novosibirsk, SU), Ikach; Khai Berkovich
(Novosibirsk, SU), Chepurnoi; Nikolai Prokhorovich
(Novosibirsk, SU) |
Family
ID: |
27570015 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/098,273 |
Filed: |
December 15, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
175/76; 299/30;
175/61 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21B
7/26 (20130101); E21B 7/068 (20130101); E21B
7/30 (20130101); E21D 9/003 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E21B
7/30 (20060101); E21B 7/00 (20060101); E21D
9/00 (20060101); E21B 7/04 (20060101); E21B
7/06 (20060101); E21B 7/26 (20060101); E21b
007/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;175/61,73,76,26
;299/30 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Moore; Richard E.
Assistant Examiner: Staab; Lawrence J.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A device for stabilizing the course of a tunnelling element
comprising: power units interacting with said tunnelling element
and provided with variable-volume chambers filled with a fluid
medium under pressure for guiding said tunnelling element; a feeler
mechanism following the deviations of said tunnelling element,
articulating means linking the feeler mechanism to the tunnelling
element, said feeler mechanism interacting with the walls of the
hole; and valve mechanisms controlling the supply of the fluid
medium into said variable-volume chambers, each valve mechanism
communicating with at least one of said chambers, said valve
mechanisms being connected with said feeler mechanism and admitting
the fluid medium into the corresponding chamber when said feeler
mechanism and tunnelling element turn with relation to each
other.
2. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the articulating means
between said feeler mechanism and the tunnelling element consists
of an articulated rod, and said valve mechanism are located
directly on the tunnelling element and are actuated by the rod when
the latter is shifted due to relative turning of said feeler
mechanisms and tunnelling element.
Description
This invention relates to the devices for stabilizing the course of
the moving tunnelling element and can be used with the
self-propelled tunnelling elements and with the driving bits used
for making holes in the ground by the compaction method mainly for
laying pipes or cables under the surface of highways and
railways.
It is known that the tunnelling element can deviate from the preset
course owing to heterogeneity of the ground or while encountering
solid inclusions or other obstacles.
There have already been attempts to counter this disadvantage by
the use of devices which stabilize the course of the moving
tunnelling element.
One of these devices comprises some power units with a
variable-volume chamber (pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders) which
guide the tunnelling element in the right direction, this element
having the form of a tapered bit articulated to the front end of
the pipe driven through the ground.
The direction of movement in this device is checked with the aid of
optical instruments installed immovably in a pit near the mouth of
the hole, said instruments registering the deviation of the light
ray passing through the pipe from the source of light located
inside the driving bit. The optical instruments in this device are
linked with the valve mechanisms which control the source into the
cylinders guiding the tunnelling element the supply of the fluid
medium from in the preset direction (see, for example "Underground
laying of pipelines", Mashgiz 1964, G.N. Peskov, page 49).
The known device has a narrow field of application, i.e., only with
the driving bits of the pipes forced through the ground. This
device cannot be used with more efficient self-propelled tunnelling
elements of, say, impact type because the known means of checking
the deviation of the tunnelling element cannot be used with this
equipment.
Besides, the known devices are complicated in manufacture and
operation.
The present invention is intended to eliminate the aforesaid
disadvantages.
The main object of the invention is to provide a device for
stabilizing the course of the moving tunnelling element with an
improved follow-up unit which makes the claimed device suitable for
use with various types of the tunnelling elements.
The device described in the invention comprises the power units
guiding the tunnelling element, these units having a
variable-volume chamber filled with a fluid medium under pressure
from the valve mechanisms for guiding the tunnelling element, each
of said valve mechanisms being connected with at least one
variable-volume chamber and with the instrument registering the
deviations of the tunnelling element. The improvement consists in
that the follow-up unit is made in the form of a feeler mechanism
articulated to the tunnelling element and interacting with the
walls of the hole while the valve mechanisms are connected with
said feeler mechanism and admit the fluid medium into the
corresponding chamber when the feeler mechanism and tunnelling
element turn with relation to each other.
It is preferable for the feeler mechanism to be connected with the
tunnelling element by an articulated rod and for the valve
mechanisms to be mounted directly on the tunnelling element and to
be actuated by said articulated rod when it is shifted owing to the
turning of the feeler mechanism and tunnelling element.
An advantage of the invention lies in that it uses comparatively
simple means for ensuring automatic control of the course of the
tunnelling element of any type and for correcting its possible
deviations from the preset course.
Now the invention will be described in detail by way of example
with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows the claimed device and the self-propelled tunnelling
element turned with relation to each other in the hole;
FIG. 2 is a section taken along line II--II in FIG. 1 showing the
arrangement of the variable-volume chambers around the tunnelling
element;
FIG. 3 is a section taken along line III--III in FIG. 1 showing the
arrangement of the valve mechanisms on the tunnelling element and
the articulated rod interacting with the valve mechanisms when one
of them is open.
The claimed device comprises a feeler mechanism 1 (FIG. 1)
articulated to the tunnelling element 2 and interacting with the
walls of the hole 3 made by said element. It is practicable that
the tunnelling element 2 be of the pneumatic impact type described
in French Pat No. 1,515,348 U.S. Pat. No. 3,580,014 Brit. Pat. Nos.
1,152,249 and 1,170,167, of the authors of the present invention
and intended for making holes by compaction of ground.
The feeler mechanism 1 is fastened to the tunnelling element 2 by
the articulated rod 4 in such a manner that said mechanism would be
able to repeat all the motions of the element 2 in the hole 3.
Equispaced around the tunnelling element 2 are several
variable-volume chambers 5, 5a and 5b (FIG. 2) whose walls are made
of an elastic rubber-canvas material. These chambers are filled
with a fluid medium, e.g., air, under pressure so as to shift the
tunnelling element 2 in the required direction.
To prevent the wear of the chambers 5, 5a and 5b caused by friction
against the walls of the hole, a cylindrical housing 6 is provided,
one end of which is slipped on the tunnelling element 2 in such a
manner that said housing can turn with relation to the rounded part
7 of the wider section 8 of the tunnelling element 2 under the
pressure of the fluid medium fed into the chambers 5, 5a and
5b.
When the material of the chambers 5, 5a and 5b is sufficiently
wear-resistant the housing 6 may be omitted in which case the
chambers will be secured directly to the tunnelling element 2.
There is a possibility to substitute said chambers for hydraulic or
pneumatic cylinders (not shown in the drawings) located radially
with respect to the tail section of the tunnelling element 2.
Each chamber 5, 5a and 5b has an outlet hole 9 and a hose 10 for
admitting fluid medium under pressure. Each hose 10 has valve
mechanism 11 or 11a or 11b for communicating the corresponding
chamber with the source (not shown) of the fluid medium under
pressure.
The bodies 12 (FIG. 3) of the valve mechanisms 11, 11a and 11b are
secured in the tail section of the tunnelling element 2 while their
closing elements 13 are held by the springs 14 in the extreme
position, shutting off the supply of the fluid medium, and are in
contact with the articulated rod 4, following its motions.
An imperative prerequisite for efficient operation of the device
lies in that area of passage through each valve mechanism 11, 11a
and 11b and the hoses 10 connected with them should be considerably
larger than the area of passage through the outlet holes 9 of the
chambers 5, 5a and 5b in order to keep the fluid medium in them
under pressure.
The air is fed to the tunnelling element 2 through a hose 15. A
hole 17 in the partition 16 of the feeler mechanism 1 lets out the
used air from the chambers 5, 5a and 5b and from the tunnelling
element 2.
The claimed device functions as follows.
When the tunnelling element 2 moves on the preset course, its axis
coincides with that of the feeler mechanism 1 and the rod 4 is
positioned either coaxially or parallel with their axes. If the
tunnelling element 2 deviates by chance from the preset course its
axis is shifted from that of the feeler mechanism 1 and the rod 4
is correspondingly shifted too.
The shifted rod 4 presses the closing element 13 of at least one
valve mechanism 11 or 11a or 11b.
As can be seen in FIG. 3, the rod 4 actuates the closing element 13
of the valve mechanism 11a which opens and puts the corresponding
chamber 5a (FIG. 2) in communication with the source of fluid
medium under pressure.
In view of the fact that the area of passage through the valve
mechanism 11a and the admission hose 10 is considerably larger than
that of the hole 9 of the chamber 5a, the latter is filled with the
fluid medium under pressure. This creates a force shifting the
cylindrical housing 6 and producing an additional asymmetry in the
resistance to the movement of the tunnelling element so that the
latter is correspondingly shifted. The magnitude of this shifting a
is shown in FIG. 2.
The trial tests of the claimed device have proved the simplicity of
its operation and accuracy of control.
* * * * *