U.S. patent number 3,676,971 [Application Number 04/876,871] was granted by the patent office on 1972-07-18 for tile structure with cruciform shaped foundation supporting tiles.
Invention is credited to Edward L. Dombroski.
United States Patent |
3,676,971 |
Dombroski |
July 18, 1972 |
TILE STRUCTURE WITH CRUCIFORM SHAPED FOUNDATION SUPPORTING
TILES
Abstract
A tile walk or patio in which a plurality of cruciform
foundation tiles are laid in a layer without cement with their arms
forming drainage sumps; a plurality of surface tiles are then laid
on the foundation layer without cement, the surface tiles each
overlapping a plurality of foundation tiles and sumps. The
foundation tiles are formed with tenons or bosses on their upper
surfaces that co-operate, with mortices or sockets formed in the
under surface of the surface tiles, to lock the surface tiles from
horizontal displacement from the foundation layer and to guide a
surface tile, displaced vertically by ice, back to its initial
position as the ice melts.
Inventors: |
Dombroski; Edward L.
(Poughkeepsie, NY) |
Family
ID: |
25368743 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/876,871 |
Filed: |
November 14, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/603; 52/386;
404/2; 404/40; 404/43; 52/403.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04F
15/02 (20130101); E01C 5/001 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E01C
5/00 (20060101); E04F 15/02 (20060101); E04c
001/10 (); E04f 013/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;52/267,598-599,603,604,386,392,593,573,126,13,14
;94/3,6,13,14 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Abbott; Frank L.
Assistant Examiner: Braun; Leslie A.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A tile structure comprising
a layer of foundation tiles, each of said foundation tiles having a
cruciform configuration with four equally spaced extending arms, a
flat upper surface and a plurality of tenons extending from said
upper surface and having converging side surfaces,
said foundation tiles being arranged with said arms in abutting
relation to form drainage sumps therebetween, and
a layer of surface tiles arranged in abutting relation without
cement on said layer of foundation tiles, each of said surface
tiles overlapping a plurality of said foundation tiles and having a
flat lower surface in contact with said flat upper surfaces of said
foundation tiles, said flat lower surfaces of said surface tiles
having a plurality of mortises therein having configurations mating
with the configuration of said tenons,
said tenons being received in said mortises to prevent horizontal
displacement of said surface tiles and said foundation tiles and to
guide vertically displaced surface tiles into horizontal
alignment.
2. The tile structure as recited in claim 1 wherein said tenons
have a pyramidal configuration.
Description
This invention relates to building tiles and a method of laying
said tiles. More particularly it relates to the forming and laying
of a floor or the like with tile that will, due to its
construction, ensure the relocation of a tile or tiles dislodged by
the formation of after the ice melts.
Conventional floor tiles are laid in various well known ways. The
usual method being the setting of the tiles in a mastic such as
cement for fastening a surface tile to a foundation or to a layer
of foundation tiles and filling the spaces between the tiles with a
grout of cement or the like. Installations of this character in
northern latitudes are subject to action by ice and frost which
causes heaving and cracking. In a majority of cases the heaving
displaces the tiles to such an extent, that when the ice melts the
tiles do not return to their original position. Due to this they
often crack leaving an uneven and unsightly floor.
It is therefore the principal object of this invention to provide
foundation tiles and surface tiles which when assembled in a
prescribed manner will form a smooth and pleasing floor or path the
surface of which will return to a normal level condition after
being displaced by the forming of ice between the adjacent surfaces
of a layer of foundation tiles and surface tiles.
A further object of the invention is to provide a foundation tile
having means thereon of engagement with a surface tile, said means
also acting to reposition said surface tile after having been
displaced by the forming and melting of ice between said tiles.
Another object is to provide a method of laying a tile floor or
other surface without the use of a mastic such as cement by
providing means on the under surface of a surface tile and on the
upper surface of a foundation tile whereby one is anchored to the
other.
Another object of the invention is to provide a foundation tile the
shape of which is such that when a plurality of said tiles are laid
in abutting relation a sump or reservoir is formed.
A still further object is to provide a surface tile having means
thereon for locking engagement with a foundation tile, said means
also acting to reposition said surface tile after having been
displaced by the forming and melting of ice between the surfaces of
said tiles.
In the preferred form of the invention a plurality of foundation
tiles are laid in a specified formation on a level area. These
tiles are formed with projections or tenons having a configuration
to conform with similar depressions or mortices formed in the under
side of surface tiles. The surface tiles are secured to the
foundation tiles without cement by engaging the mortices and tenons
on the respective tiles; the mortices and tenons being so shaped
and located as to ensure that the surface tiles will not be
displaced laterally and will hold the foundation tiles in abutting
relation. The mortices of a surface tile that has been displaced by
the formation of ice between the layers of tile will, by engagement
with the tenons in the foundation layer, be guided into its
original position upon melting of the ice.
One advantage of the invention is that a neat floor for a path,
patio or the like can be laid by a do-it-yourself home owner
without special tools or cement.
Another advantage is that as the surface tiles are laid over the
divisions in the foundation layer, weeds are prevented from growing
between the surface tiles.
A further advantage is that tiles laid in this manner can be used
in a path or driveway under which service lines may be located and
since they are not cemented down the tiles may be readily removed
to permit access for repair of the service lines.
A more clear conception of the formation, operation and further
objects and advantages of the invention may be had from the
following specification when read in the light of the attached
drawing in which;
FIG. 1 shows a floor in which the tiles are laid in accordance with
the invention, certain portions of the surface being broken away to
more clearly show underlying members,
FIG. 2 is a cross section taken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1 to show
the union between the mortices and tenons,
FIG. 3 is a cross section taken along line 3--3 of FIG. 1 to more
clearly show the mortices and tenons,
FIG. 4 shows a modification of the positioning means,
FIG. 5 is a cross section taken along line 5--5 of FIG. 4,
FIG. 6 shows a further modification of the mortices and tenons.
Referring to FIG. 1 which discloses the preferred form of the
invention, it will be noted that three forms of tile are used in
the foundation layer; a large cruciform tile 10, an edge tile 11
and a corner tile 12. The three forms are needed since the surface
tiles 15 are laid in overlapping relation to the arms of the
foundation tiles. This will insure that all divisions between the
foundation tiles as well as the sump 14 formed by the arms of the
foundation will be covered. This will prevent a certain amount of
seepage of water in between the layers of tiles and what will seep
in is caught by the sump 14 thus reducing the possibility of ice
forming between the layers of tile. If no edge or corner tiles were
provided there would be no support for the outer surface tiles. All
three forms of foundation tile have rectangular wedge shaped
projections or tenons 16 formed on their upper surfaces. Each
corner tile having two tenons, the edge tiles four and all
cruciform tiles have eight.
Each surface tile 15 is square in shape and is provided with four
depressions or mortices 17 in their under surface. These mortices
are the reverse in shape of the tenons 16 on the foundation tiles.
As seen in FIGS. 2 and 3 the mortices are larger and are of a
sharper angle to provide a clearance that will ensure that when
laid in place on a foundation layer the surface tile will be in
full frictional engagement with the foundation tiles. Each surface
tile has a lip 19 formed on all four sides. This lip is equal to
half the proposed distance between tiles and thus insures that they
will be held in correct spaced relation to one another when
laid.
In laying a porch floor or patio the area is leveled and rolled to
form a hard level surface. The foundation tiles 10, 11 and 12 are
laid as shown in FIG. 1 with their projecting arms in abutting
relation, the arms forming the sumps 14. The surface tiles 15 are
then laid in overlapping relation to the foundation tiles with the
tenons 16 of the foundation tiles engaging the mortices 17 of the
surface tiles. When correctly positioned the combined weight and
friction of the surface tiles and the engagement of the tenons 16
and mortices 17 will lock both surface and foundation tiles
together thus preventing the surface tiles from becoming displaced
laterally, the weight of the surface tiles holding them in place
vertically.
More important should the sumps 14 fill and ice forms between the
surfaces of the foundation tile and the surface tile and one or
more surface tiles be displaced the angled surfaces of both the
mortices and tenons will guide the displaced tile or tiles into
their correctly aligned positions as the ice melts thus relaying a
level and even floor.
A modified form of the invention is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 in which
the foundation tiles 20 and 21 are provided with a pyramidal form
of mortice 22 and the surface tile 25 carries a tenons 23 of a
similar form. These act in the same manner as those of the
preferred form but would be used for smaller and lighter tiles.
A further modification of the mortice and tenons is shown in FIG. 6
wherein the foundation tile 30 and surface tile 31 are provided
with mortices 32 and tenons 33 of conical configuration that
function as described above to hold and guide the surface tiles
into place.
It is obvious that many modifications and variations of the above
described invention may be made without departing from the spirit
and scope thereof and therefore only such limitations should be
imposed as are contained in the appended claims.
* * * * *