U.S. patent number 3,672,103 [Application Number 04/889,615] was granted by the patent office on 1972-06-27 for modular utility vault.
This patent grant is currently assigned to City of Fort Collins. Invention is credited to Robert A. Kost.
United States Patent |
3,672,103 |
Kost |
June 27, 1972 |
MODULAR UTILITY VAULT
Abstract
A modular construction for underground utility vault.
Semi-cylindrical end sections are molded in the form of a
relatively thin shell from fiberglass or other moldable material of
similar physical characteristics. The shells are formed with a
series of radially offset circumferentially extending ribs which
provide increased rigidity to the shell and also form shelves for
supporting elements such as transformers, connection points, etc.
within the vault. The end section is one form of structural module
which may, in some installations, be combined with a second modular
element in the form of a flat side panel having a cross-sectional
configuration matching that of the end section. Two end sections
may be secured to each other to form a cylindrical vault or,
alternatively, two end sections may be assembled with one or more
pairs of side panels attached to and mounted between the opposed
end sections. A cover element of laminated molded sheet material
closes the opening at the upper end of the completed vault and is
provided with internal stiffening ribs. A lock and retainer-hinge
assembly is employed to releasably lock the cover in position and
enables the cover, when unlocked, to either be swung upwardly as on
a hinged mounting or removed entirely.
Inventors: |
Kost; Robert A. (Fort Collins,
CO) |
Assignee: |
City of Fort Collins (Ft.
Collins, CO)
|
Family
ID: |
25395444 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/889,615 |
Filed: |
December 31, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/20; 52/169.6;
137/363; 52/245; 174/37 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H02B
7/08 (20130101); H02G 9/10 (20130101); H01F
27/06 (20130101); Y10T 137/6991 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
H01F
27/06 (20060101); H02G 9/00 (20060101); H02B
7/00 (20060101); H02B 7/08 (20060101); H02G
9/10 (20060101); E02d 029/14 (); H02g 009/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;52/19,20,169,245
;174/37 ;292/256,300,256.5 ;70/158,159,162 ;94/34,35
;137/363,364,371 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
616,608 |
|
Mar 1961 |
|
CA |
|
1,363,439 |
|
May 1964 |
|
FR |
|
9,418 |
|
Jan 1896 |
|
GB |
|
31,365 |
|
Nov 1920 |
|
NO |
|
Primary Examiner: Abbott; Frank L.
Assistant Examiner: Braun; Leslie A.
Claims
Having described two exemplary embodiments of the invention, I
claim:
1. A utility vault comprising a pair of like semicircular sections
of a molded plastic material having a high strength-to-weight
ratio, such as fiberglass, each of said sections comprising an
axially elongate generally semicylindrical shell of relatively thin
uniform wall thickness, a plurality of radially offset
circumferentially inwardly extending ribs integrally formed in each
of said shells, the ribs on the respective shells being axially
aligned with each other to extend continuously around the periphery
of the tubular vault, each rib having a flat substantially
horizontal first wall extending radially inwardly from the
semicylindrical shell wall and a frusto-conical second wall
integral with and inclined outwardly from the radially inner edge
of said first wall to the semi-cylindrical shell wall, the first
walls of said ribs being disposed on the upper side of said ribs
when said tubular vault is in an upright position, to define a
plurality of peripherally extending shelves in the interior of the
vault, the uppermost one of said shelves being located in adjacent
spaced relationship to the upper end of the vault to constitute a
closure seat, said ribs further defining frusto-conical channels in
the exterior walls of said shell with the upper wall of said
channels being substantially horizontal, means on the vertical
edges of each of said sections for securing said sections together
to form a tubular vault, and a cover closure comprising an upper
and a lower member of sheet plastic material having a high
strength-to-weight ratio, such as fiberglass, said lower layer
being interconnected to said upper layer and having vertically
extending rib sections having a depth substantially equal to the
vertical spacing between said upper end of said vault and said
uppermost one of said shelves.
2. A vault as defined in claim 1 wherein said securing means
includes a pair of like side panels secured to and extending
between said semi-circular sections, each of said side panels
having a generally flat configuration and having a plurality of
offset ribs thereon identically matching the interior and exterior
configuration of said ribs on said semi-circular sections and
defining a continuation of said interior shelves and said exterior
channels.
3. A vault as defined in claim 1 wherein said ribs define at least
two shelves in addition to said uppermost one of said shelves, one
of said two shelves being located adjacent said uppermost one of
said shelves and the other of said two shelves being located
adjacent the lower end of said shell.
4. A utility vault as defined in claim 1, wherein said closure
cover comprises a generally flat upper lid member, shaped to
overlie and project outwardly beyond the upper rim of said tubular
vault and said lower lid member is integrally bonded to the lower
side of said upper lid member and said rib sections comprise
uniformly spaced vertical inner and outer ribs extending
substantially around the peripheral area of said lower lid member,
with uniformly spaced vertical ribs extending transversely of said
lower member between opposite locations on said inner rib.
5. A utility vault as defined in claim 1 including means for
locking said cover closure in place to enclose the upper end of the
vault, means defining a lock receiving recess in said cover closure
having a hasp receiving opening therein, said means for locking
including a hasp fixedly secured to said uppermost one of said
shelves and projecting upwardly therefrom through said opening, and
detachable hinge means on the side of said vault opposite said
locking means comprising pin means fixedly secured to at least one
of said shells above said uppermost shelf and projecting radially
inwardly, and opening means defined in said vertically extending
rib section of said cover closure for receiving said pin means to
detachably and hingeably couple said cover closure to said
shells.
6. In a utility vault designed to be buried in the ground with its
uppermost part substantially flush with the ground surface, means
on the uppermost part of said vault defining an upward-facing
closure seat, a cover for said vault comprising: a generally flat
horizontal lid member shaped in conformity with said uppermost part
of said vault, a generally flat lower horizontal member spaced
below said lid member, each of said members being of fiberglass or
the like, a peripheral flange and a plurality of vertical ribs
integrally bonding said members to each other, means defining a
releasable lock between said walls and said cover, a pin projecting
horizontally inwardly of said vault above said seat, and means for
defining an opening in said peripheral flange loosely receiving
said pin to positively retain said cover on said seat in
cooperation with said lock and to accommodate hinging and removal
of said cover when said lock is released.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In recent years, there has been a substantially increased use of
underground or buried systems for supplying electricity and
telephone connections particularly in residential areas.
Underground systems of this type require the use of junction points
or connection boxes where various branch lines are brought together
and/or connected into the main distribution system. To achieve full
realization of all of the advantages of an underground system, many
forms of underground vaults have been employed. In their most usual
form, such vaults are constructed either from poured concrete or
from metal, usually in the form of galvanized corrugated sheet
metal.
The obvious disadvantage of a vault of metallic construction
employed underground is that sooner or later the metal will rust
and corrode. Further, when a metal vault is employed in an
underground electrical or telephone distribution system, care must
be taken to make sure that the vault wall is electrically insulated
from the current-carrying portions of the distribution system.
While concrete vaults avoid the rust and corrosion problems of
steel vaults, they suffer a serious drawback from the standpoint of
weight and non-machinability. The weight of a concrete vault, even
when broken down into several sections, is usually such as to
require the use of power-driven hoisting equipment during its
installation. Further, when it is desired to bring additional lines
into a concrete vault, the only way this can be accomplished is by
knocking a hole through the side of the vault, which can be
extremely difficult and complicated by existing equipment already
mounted in the vault.
While a concrete vault does not rust or corrode, metal parts which
come in contact with the concrete are, by their very contact,
extremely susceptible to rust and corrosion, as well as to
electrolytic action.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is designed to overcome the problems outlined
above in connection with the use of steel or concrete vault
structures. A vault constructed in accordance with the present
invention is assembled from standardized units formed of relatively
thin, and hence lightweight, molded plastic material. Preferably
the material employed is fiberglass, although there are many other
commercially available plastic materials having physical
characteristics quite similar to those of fiberglass. In addition
to being resistant to rust, corrosion and chemical and electrolytic
reactions with metal parts in contact with the fiberglass, the
structural characteristics of fiberglass are such that individual
modular elements having adequate structural rigidity can be formed
in reasonably thin-walled sections so that the individual modular
elements can easily be handled manually. Further, the fiberglass
shells can be readily pierced by a conventional drill or hole saw
to provide cable entrances and exits at desired locations and also
to enable elements of the distribution system to be mounted upon
and attached to the fiberglass shell.
One form of modular unit consists of a semi-cylindrical shell or
end section which is of generally uniform wall thickness and formed
with a plurality of radially offset ribs. The ribs enhance the
structural rigidity of the shell and further provide shelves at the
interior of the vault to support various elements of the
distribution system. Two end sections may be bolted together to
form a cylindrical vault, or pairs of generally flat side panels
having a cross-sectional shape matching that of the end sections
can be attached between two end sections to form a vault of larger
dimensions. A cover of a laminated fiberglass sheet construction is
employed to close the upper end of the vault and is provided with a
series of integral internal ribs for structural strength. The top
of the cover is provided with a recess into which passes a padlock
hasp secured to the top of the shell wall at one side of the shell.
At the opposite side of the vault, one or more bolts, mounted in
the top of the shell wall pass inwardly through openings in the
cover to provide a retainer-hinge assembly. The various elements
are described in grater detail below.
IN THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing various elements of
a modular utility vault embodying the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a typical vault
installation embodying the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of a modified form of
installation, with certain parts broken away and shown in
section;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the installation of FIG. 1 with the
cover removed;
FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the cover of the installation of FIG.
3;
FIG. 6 is a detail cross-sectional view showing details of the
cover lock; and
FIG. 7 is a detail cross-sectional view of the cover
retainer-hinge.
Referring first to FIG. 1, there are disclosed various modular
units employed in the practice of the present invention. These
units include a generally semi-cylindrical end section designated
generally 10, a side panel 12 and a cover 14. Depending upon the
requirements of the particular installation, an installation may
consist simply of two end sections 10 secured to each other to form
a generally cylindrical vault, in which case a circular cover such
as 14 would be employed. In other cases, where a larger vault is
required, the end sections 10 may be spaced from each other by one
or more pairs of side sections 12 as in the embodiment of FIGS. 3
and 4, in which case a modified form of cover 16 such as that
disclosed in FIG. 5 would be employed.
End sections 10 and side panels 12 are molded from synthetic
plastic materials, such as fiberglass. Desirable characteristics of
the actual material employed are that it be electrically
non-conductive, that it be resistant to corrosion,
non-electrolytic, and that is possesses reasonable capabilities for
being cut or machined. In addition, the physical characteristics of
the material should be such that in its molded form it possesses a
relatively high strength-to-weight ratio. Fiberglass has been found
to adequately satisfy all of these conditions and is a preferred
material for the present invention, however, many of the synthetic
thermoplastic materials presently commercially available will be
found to be adequate for the present purposes.
Referring now particularly to FIGS. 1 and 2, end sections 10 are of
one-piece molded construction in the form of a relatively thin,
generally semi-cylindrical shell. In the particular embodiment
disclosed, the shell is formed with three radially offset ribs 18,
20, and 22. As best seen in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 2, the
three ribs are of identical configuration, each having an inwardly
inclined lower wall 18a, 20a, 22a respectively. The ribs extend
circumferentially of end section 10, and the upper walls 18b, 20b
and 22b all lie in general planes which extend radially of the axis
of the semi-cylindrical shell which defines the end section 10.
At the lower end of each end section 10, an outwardly projecting
radial flange 24 is integrally formed, and radially outwardly
projecting side flanges extend along the axial edges of the shell.
Flanges 26 are formed with a series of bolt receiving openings 28
which enable two end sections 10 to be fixedly secured to each
other with the flanges 26 of the respective end sections 10 clamped
in face-to-face engagement with each other.
Referring briefly to FIG. 1, the vertical cross-sectional
configuration of side sections 12 is identical to that of end
sections 10, the side panels 12 being formed with three offset ribs
30, 32 and 34 corresponding to and of identical cross-sectional
configuration to the ribs 18, 20 and 22 respectively. Like end
sections 10, side sections 12 are formed with a horizontal flange
36 extending along its lower edge, and with vertically extending
outwardly projecting side flanges 38 along each vertical edge, the
side flanges being provided with bolt receiving openings 40 as was
the case with the flanges 26 of end section 10.
Ribs 18, 20 and 22 and flanges 24 and 26 serve to increase the
structural rigidity of the semi-cylindrical end sections, thus
enabling the shell, which is of uniform thickness throughout, to
achieve adequate structural rigidity with a relatively thin wall
thickness, hence resulting in a completed shell of light weight.
Where the material employed is fiberglass, a shell of adequate
strength having overall dimensions of approximately six feet in
length and three feet in diameter can be constructed with a wall
thickness of between three-eighths and one-half inch. A shell of
these dimensions is light enough to be easily handled by one
man.
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown, in vertical cross section,
a typical installation wherein two end sections 12 are secured to
each other to form a cylindrical underground vault.
As is apparent from FIG. 2, ribs 18, 20 and 22 not only function as
stiffeners for the shell structure, but also provide internal
shelves for mounting and supporting equipment within the interior
of the vault. In the installation of FIG. 2, the upper walls 22b of
the lowermost rib 22 serve as a support for a support frame 42 upon
which is in turn supported an electrical transformer 44. Support
frame 42 may be of any suitable construction. In FIG. 2 it takes
the form of a simple X-shaped frame constructed from U-shaped
channel members. An X frame of this type may also be employed in
rigidifying the assembled structure by resisting horizontal forces
directed inwardly of the shell structure. The transformer is held
in position by means of a U-shaped metal bracket 46 bolted to the
transformer casing as at 48 and to the wall of one of the end
sections 10 as by bolts 50. The properties of the fiberglass shell
are such that it can be easily pierced by a drill or hole saw so
that structural elements such as bracket 46 can be located to suit
the convenience of the particular installation in the field and
holes through the wall of the shell, such as 50 for the passage of
electric power cables such as 52 into and out of the shell, can
easily be made at the desired location.
In the installation of FIG. 2, an electric junction point 54 is
supported upon the upper wall or shell of rib 20, and held in
position by bolts 56 passing through the shell wall.
The upper wall of rib 18 is employed as a closure cover seat to
support cover 14. Cover 14 is preferably of two-piece construction
and includes an upper lid 58 and a lower member 60 which is
preferably formed with one or more diametrically extending ribs 62.
The upper edges of rib 62 are flush with the upper edge of an
upstanding peripheral flange 64 formed as an integral part of
member 60, and the flat bottom surface of lid 58 is permanently
bonded to the upper edges of flange 64 and rib 62. The purpose of
ribs 62 is to rigidify the cover. As indicated in FIG. 2, the top
edge of end section shells 10 are buried flush with the surface of
the ground so that cover 14 is likewise flush with the ground
surface. Cover 14 thus must possess sufficient rigidity to enable
persons to walk across the top of the cover.
Cover 14 is releasably locked in its assembled position by a lock
structure designated generally 68 and a retainer-hinge arrangement
designated generally 70. Details of lock assembly 68 and
retainer-hinge assembly 70 are best seen in FIGS. 6 and 7.
Referring first to FIG. 6, the lock assembly includes a U-shaped
hasp 72 which is fixedly mounted on upper wall 18b of rib 18 by a
pair of nuts threadably received on each of the two legs of hasp 72
above and below wall 18b. Cover lid 58 is formed with an indented
recess 76 and, when the cover is in position, hasp 72 projects
upwardly into recess 76 through suitably located openings 78 and 80
in lower member 60 and in the bottom of recess 76 respectively.
Peripheral flange 64 of lower member 60 is formed with a recess 82
complimentary in shape to recess 76. Recess 76 is dimensioned to
receive a conventional padlock 84 which is passed through hasp 72
to lock to cover in position.
The cover is retained on the seat defined by upper wall 18b at its
opposite side by a bolt 84 (FIG. 7) fixedly mounted to the upper
portion of a shell 10 above upper wall 18b as by a nut. A bore 88
through peripheral flange 64, having a diameter somewhat larger
than that of bolt 84 receives the bolt when the cover is
assembled.
When the padlock at the diametrically opposite side of cover 14
from opening 88 is unlocked and disengaged, the enlarged bore 88
permits the cover to be swung upwardly, as if bolt 84 were a hinge
to permit a cursory inspection of the interior of the vault. If it
is desired to completely remove the cover, the elevated cover is
simply pulled free from bolt 84 and removed.
It will be noted that the mounting of the junction point upon the
shelf defined by rib 20 near the top of the vault makes the
connections of the junction point readily accessible, once cover 14
has been removed. This is of extreme convenience in the event it is
necessary to disconnect or break the circuit at the junction point
since the junction point can easily be reached from the exterior of
the vault. Because the fiberglass shell can be readily drilled, the
junction point can be located at any desired point around the
periphery of the vault and it is a simple matter to install
additional junction points or other units as required.
In FIGS. 3 through 5, a modified form of vault is disclosed which
includes a pair of end sections 10 and a pair of side panels 12
installed between the two end sections to result in an elongated
oval type vault, as compared to the cylindrical construction of the
FIG. 2 embodiment. The side flanges 38 of side panels 12 are bolted
to the corresponding flanges 26 of the respective end sections, the
ribs 30, 32 and 34 of the side panels forming continuations of the
corresponding ribs 18, 20 and 22 of the end sections.
The embodiment of FIG. 3 necessarily employs a different cover
configuration which, because of its enlarged area is provided with
a somewhat more extensive system of internal ribs 90. Apart from
its overall shape and arrangement of internal ribs, the cover 16 is
similar to cover 14. Because of its shape, two or more
retainer-hinges 70a are employed at spaced points along one of the
two side panels 12 in combination with a single lock assembly 68a.
Lock assembly 68a and the individual retainer-hinge assemblies 70a
are of the same construction respectively as the lock assembly 68
and the retainer-hinge 70 of the FIG. 2 embodiment.
In an arrangement such as the FIG. 3 embodiment, where one or more
pairs of side panels 12 are employed, it may be desirable to
provide some transverse bracing between the opposed side panels.
This may be accomplished by employing a platform-like member 92 as
a support member for mounting on the lowermost of the three
shelves, supplemented, if necessary, by an H-shaped bracing member
94 at the intermediate shelf. The inward pressure exerted by the
soil against the vault walls depends, to a large extent, on the
characteristics of the soil and in many installations, transverse
cross-bracing of the type provided by platform 92 or brace 94 is
not necessary. In the cylindrical embodiment of FIG. 2, the
cylindrical configuration of the completed vault is quite stiff
against radially directed forces, but transverse bracing may be
required in those installations where flat side panels 12 are
employed. It is only necessary that the vault function to, in
effect, maintain an underground chamber, and hence a slight
deflection of the vault walls is usually acceptable.
The resulting vault shape of FIGS. 3 and 4 is particularly
advantageous for installations that are to enclose both a
transformer and switching units or junction points. In a 220-110
volt system, for example, the transformer may be centrally located
on platform 92 with the neutral junction units placed on the
available shelf just above the transformer in a central position
below hasp 72. The pair of high-voltage junction units are then
placed on the same shelf individually near respective opposite ends
of the vault. The three different electrical circuits thus are well
separated, while, at the same time, the junction units of each are
readily available near the top of the vault so that an operator can
actuate any or all of them from an external, safe position.
The invention contemplates use of the modular approach for the
formation of vaults having overall shapes, in plan view, different
from that illustrated thus, the cylindrical end shells may be
modified so that polygonal forms result, and various other
combinations may be constructed, including those that are
rectangular or L-shaped. Generally speaking, however, it is
preferred to utilize curved surfaces as much as possible in order
to gain structural strength.
In normal circumstances, the bottom of the vault is left open to
permit free drainage of any surface water which may find its way
into the interior of the vault. If, however, it is desired to seal
the bottom of the vault, this may be done simply by bonding a cover
of appropriate shape in position at the vault bottom. In view of
the fact that the openings through which the various cables pass
through the vault walls are not usually provided with weather-tight
fittings and the fact that no water-tight seal is provided between
the cover and vault walls, the usual practice is to leave the vault
bottom open.
* * * * *