U.S. patent number 3,672,060 [Application Number 04/842,493] was granted by the patent office on 1972-06-27 for dental instrument.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Kaltenbach & Voigt. Invention is credited to Eugen Eibofner, Gerhard Farian, Willi Fink.
United States Patent |
3,672,060 |
Eibofner , et al. |
June 27, 1972 |
DENTAL INSTRUMENT
Abstract
The invention relates to dental instruments of the type having a
tool-receiving hollow shank. A tool clamping sleeve is provided in
the shank, the sleeve being radially expansible in at least one
area thereof on insertion of a tool shank therein. Annular spaces
are provided between the sleeve and the shank and, in some
instances, between the sleeve and the tool shank, to permit such
expansion with effective clamping action.
Inventors: |
Eibofner; Eugen (Wennedach,
DT), Fink; Willi (Biberach, Riss, DT),
Farian; Gerhard (Biberach, Riss, DT) |
Assignee: |
Kaltenbach & Voigt
(Biberach, Riss, DT)
|
Family
ID: |
25755445 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/842,493 |
Filed: |
July 17, 1969 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
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May 30, 1969 [DT] |
|
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P 17 66 823.4 |
Jul 24, 1968 [DT] |
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P 19 27 743.1 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
433/127 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61C
1/141 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61C
1/08 (20060101); A61C 1/14 (20060101); A61c
001/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;32/26,27
;279/102,96,23 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Peshock; Robert
Claims
We claim:
1. A chuck device adapted to hold for rotation a dental tool and
having a tool-receiving hollow shank, said shank having a
tool-external end and an end remote therefrom, a tool clamping
sleeve of elastic material fixed within said shank, said sleeve
having at least one external circumferential surface area of less
diameter than the internal diameter of the confronting surface area
of said shank and at least one internal circumferential surface
area (a) of diameter smaller with relation to the remaining
internal circumferential surface thereof, (b) smaller than the
diameter of an inserted tool and (c) of greater thickness than in
said external circumferential surface area extending axially beyond
said internal circumferential surface area to provide annular
spaces formed by said surface areas into which said sleeve may
expand in response to tool-applied pressure, said surface areas of
said sleeve are in axially overlapping relation with said internal
circumferential surface area being positioned axially wholely
within the axial length of said external circumferential surface
area.
2. A dental instrument as defined in claim 1, including driving
means attached to said shank adjacent one end thereof, said
internal surface area of said sleeve being located in radially
opposite relation to said end of said shank.
3. A dental instrument as defined in claim 1, including a guide
sleeve disposed within said shank at each said end, said clamping
sleeve being disposed axially between said guide sleeves.
4. A dental instrument as defined in claim 3, said guide sleeve at
said remote end having means for imparting rotary movement thereto,
and means drivably connecting said remote end guide sleeve with
said clamping sleeve for transmission of said rotary movement
thereto.
5. A dental instrument as defined in claim 1, said clamping sleeve
having a screw-threaded connection with said shank at said tool
entrance end thereof.
6. A dental instrument as defined in claim 1, said clamping sleeve
being formed of copper-beryllium alloy and having end portions, and
a plurality of axially extending slots extending between and into
said portions, said slots forming tool-clamping tongues in said
clamping sleeve.
7. A dental instrument as defined in claim 6, the internal wall
surface of each of said portions being of right cylindrical
shape.
8. A dental instrument as defined in claim 6, each of said slots
having end portions of greater width than the intermediate portions
thereof.
Description
The invention relates to a dental instrument, more particularly a
straight or angle handpiece, having a tool adapted to be inserted
by means of a clamping sleeve made of elastic material in a hollow
shank arranged in the instrument.
It is already known in the case of an instrument of this kind
constructed as a dental turbine angle handpiece to screw the
clamping sleeve made of elastic material into the hollow shank, and
when inserting the tool shank, the diameter of which is greater
than the internal diameter of the clamping sleeve, owing to the
clamping sleeve abutting tightly on the screwthreading of the
hollow shank it is not possible for the elastic material of the
clamping sleeve to yield, so that the said elastic material is
subjected to crushing. As a consequence of this, material fatigue
and wear occur, which makes it necessary to interchange the
clamping sleeve frequently.
It is also known in the case of a dental instrument likewise
constructed as a turbine angle handpiece of the type mentioned
hereinbefore to arrange elastic O-rings axially secured one above
the other in the hollow shank. Although in that case the elastic
material can yield into the space not filled by the cross-section
of the rings, the elastic material is subjected to distortion and
creep and thus here again there is a high rate of wear, which also
makes frequent interchanging of the rings necessary in this
case.
The invention has as its object to provide a dental instrument of
the type mentioned initially wherein the clamping sleeve made of
elastic material, without prejudicing its driving force exerted on
the tool shank is subjected to the least possible stresses by the
inserted tool shank.
This problem is solved in that between clamping sleeve and hollow
shank, one or more annular spaces are formed at least when the tool
is not inserted, the internal diameter of the clamping sleeve in
the region of these annular spaces being smaller than the diameter
of the tool shank.
Thus the advantages are afforded that the proposed annular spaces
permit the elastic material of the clamping sleeve to yield in the
radial direction when the tool shank is inserted. This obviates
crushing and distortion of the material, and creep. In this way the
wear on the clamping sleeve is greatly reduced.
According to a further feature of the invention it is proposed that
one or more annular spaces are provided also between clamping
sleeve and tool, the clamping sleeve abutting on the hollow shank
wall in the region of the annular spaces between clamping sleeve
and tool shank when the tool is inserted.
The advantage of this form of embodiment is that the elastic
material of the clamping sleeve can yield still more easily, so
that the wear is further reduced. The invention also proposes that
the annular spaces between clamping sleeve and hollow shank and
also between clamping sleeve and tool shank overlap somewhat. This
construction makes it possible to completely obviate crushing
effects.
According to a further form of embodiment of the invention an
annular space is provided between clamping sleeve and tool shank at
least at the drive-side end of the clamping sleeve.
According to a further form of embodiment of the invention, an
annular space can also be arranged between clamping sleeve and
hollow shank at least at the drive-side end of the clamping
sleeve.
The invention proposes according to a further form of embodiment
that the clamping sleeve is connected non-releasably to the tool
shank. This affords the advantage that there is no need to secure
the clamping sleeve against being pulled out, since the tool is
pulled out with the clamping sleeve in any case when
interchanging.
According to a further form of embodiment of the invention, the
clamping sleeve is arranged between two guide sleeves arranged in
the hollow shank. This provides concentric guiding for the tool
being inserted. A further proposal of the invention relates to a
dental instrument for rotating tools, wherein the guide sleeve
remote from the free tool end is given a rotary movement and this
guide sleeve is in engagement by means of a nose or the like with
the clamping sleeve in order to transmit the rotary movement to the
clamping sleeve. In this way the advantage is afforded that the
clamping sleeve is relieved of load, since it does not have to
transmit the rotary movement by means of friction. The clamping
sleeve, therefore, can be fully used for the clamping of the tool
within the elasticity limit of its material. This form of
embodiment is particularly advantageous for angle handpiece heads,
since in the case of these the clamping sleeve length is limited
and, therefore, the frictional force for driving would possibly be
too small. A further form of embodiment of the invention concerning
a dental instrument for rotating tools is characterized in that the
clamping sleeve is screwed to the hollow shank preferably at the
sleeve end directed towards the free tool end.
The invention also proposes that the guide sleeve situated nearest
the free tool end is inserted preferably releasably in the hollow
shank. This gives the advantage that, when the guide sleeve is
screwed out, the clamping sleeve can be taken out if necessary,
insofar as it is not connected non-releasably to the tool
shank.
In the aforesaid forms of embodiment, the clamping sleeve can be
made from plastics material, e.g. polyamide. With chucks of this
kind, generally satisfactory results are also obtained relatively
to earlier known plastics material clamping sleeves, wherein
yielding of the elastic material of the clamping sleeve is not
possible, since, as mentioned, when the tool shank is inserted, the
plastics material of the clamping sleeve can yield radially into
the annular spaces provided, thus obviating crushing and rapid
wear.
However, it has been found that the plastics material of the
clamping sleeve is subjected to cold flow in the event of being
subjected to continuous stressing happening exceptionally, i.e. if
for example the tool has by oversight been inserted for a
relatively long period of time, and this brings fatigue phenomena
and reduces the clamping effect of the clamping sleeve.
According to a further form of embodiment, wherein one or more
annular spaces are also provided between clamping sleeve and tool
shank and the clamping sleeve abuts on the hollow shank wall when
the tool is inserted in the region of the annular spaces situated
between clamping sleeve and tool, and wherein furthermore the
annular spaces between clamping sleeve and hollow shank and the
annular spaces between clamping sleeve and tool shank overlap
somewhat in the axial direction of the clamping sleeve, therefore,
it is proposed that the clamping sleeve is made of metal and, to
obtain the clamping force acting radially on the tool shank, is
provided with clamping tongues formed by slots, which extend in the
axial direction at least partly beyond both annular space
regions.
The construction of the metal clamping sleeve with the resilient
clamping tongues has the effect that cold flow is obviated, and
therefore relaxation of the clamping force of the clamping sleeve
cannot take place even with exceptionally occurring continuous
stressing.
Per se a metal clamping sleeve is known which comprises in its
central region a plurality of longitudinal slots distributed about
the periphery, between which there are provided clamping tongues
exerting a clamping force in the radial direction on the tool
shank, the clamping tongues being bent inwardly. In the known
clamping sleeves this has the result that in the clamping operation
the clamping force is applied substantially only in punctiform
manner to the tool shank, with the result that the clamping effect
is relatively slight. In contrast thereto, in the case of the
instrument according to the present invention, owing to the
overlapping annular spaces between clamping sleeve and hollow shank
on the one hand and between clamping sleeve and tool shank on the
other hand, in conjunction with the clamping tongues extending
axially beyond the two aforesaid annular space regions, the tool
shank is subjected substantially to areal pressure. The clamping
tongues are conveniently defined by longitudinal slots.
The invention also proposes that the clamping sleeve is made of a
copper alloy, e.g. copper-beryllium, bronze or the like.
The construction of the clamping sleeve from a copper alloy has the
advantage, over a steel construction, that the elasticity and
therefore the spring travels are greater, which permits more
frequent stressing and thus increases the working life of the
clamping sleeve, since the clamping tongues are only subjected to
fatigue much later than if they are made of steel. The greater
spring travel relatively to steel means that e.g. for
copper-beryllium a greater amount of wear on the clamping tongues
on insertion and removal of tools can be permitted before the
clamping force dropped below the minimum limit necessary for
reliable fixing. With steel, the amount of wear which can be
permitted is much smaller. In addition, for example
copper-beryllium has better sliding properties than steel, which
additionally reduces wear.
A further form of embodiment of the invention is characterized in
that, when the tool is not inserted, the outer wall of the clamping
sleeve in the region of the annular spaces situated between
clamping sleeve and hollow shank follows an inwardly curved course
-- as viewed in longitudinal section. This permits particularly
simple production of the aforesaid annular spaces, the procedure
being that into the clamping sleeve which at first still has a
cylindrical, smooth external wall, but already has the internal
stepped-down wall portions for forming the annular spaces between
clamping sleeve and tool shank, the tool shank or a push rod having
the same diameter is pushed-in so that the external wall bulges
outwards. In this state the bulging simply has to be removed again
e.g. by grinding or turning, so that after the tool shank or push
rod is removed the aforesaid inwardly curved outline is
obtained.
The invention also proposes that when the tool is not inserted the
internal wall of the clamping sleeve is of cylindrical shape and
the transition from the wall portion forming the annular space
between clamping sleeve and tool shank and the remainder of the
wall portion is in the form of a bevelling permitting the complete
insertion of the tool shank.
Finally, the invention proposes that the ends of the longitudinal
slots are rounded, expediently in the form of a widening. This
avoids or reduces the notching stresses which occur in the case of
angularly shaped slot ends.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to
the drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a dental instrument, constructed
as a tool holder e.g. for a mirror not shown here, with a clamping
sleeve of elastic material,
FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an angle handpiece head of a
dental instrument, constructed as a turbine angle handpiece, with
clamping sleeve of elastic material,
FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a detail modified relatively to
FIG. 2,
FIG. 4 shows the form of embodiment according to FIG. 2 with
inserted tool constructed as a drill, in sectional view,
FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a dental instrument constructed
as a straight turbine handpiece, with clamping sleeve made of
elastic material,
FIG. 6 shows the form of embodiment according to FIG. 5 with
inserted tool shank,
FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing an angle handpiece head of a
dental instrument constructed as a turbine angle handpiece, the
clamping sleeve of elastic material being made of metal and
provided with longitudinal slots,
FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a form of embodiment of the
clamping sleeve modified relatively to FIG. 7 and
FIG. 9 shows the clamping sleeve according to FIG. 8 with the tool
shank inserted.
In FIG. 1, the dental instrument constructed as a tool holder is
designated as 1. At its lower end the tool holder is constructed as
a hollow shank. In the hollow shank 2 there is arranged a clamping
sleeve 3 of elastic material into which there can be inserted the
shank of a dental tool e.g. the shank of a mouth mirror. The
elastic clamping sleeve 3 is inserted in the hollow shank 2. The
screw slot 4 is provided for this purpose.
Between the clamping sleeve 3 and the wall of the hollow shank 2
there is situated an annular space 5. When the tool shank is
inserted in the clamping sleeve, the elastic material of the
clamping sleeve can yield into the annular space 5, so that a
satisfactory fixing of the tool shank is possible without the risk
of detrimentally affecting the elastic material.
The tool holder 1 is of hollow construction internally, starting
from the hollow shank 2, so that the inserted tool can, if
necessary, be pushed-out through the duct 2' thus formed by means
of a thin rod or the like.
FIG. 2 shows an angle handpiece head of a dental instrument
constructed as a turbine angle handpiece. The rotor 7, which is
provided with a bore and is thus constructed as a hollow shaft is
provided with turbine blades 8 and is mounted in the usual way by
means of ball bearings 9 in the angle handpiece head. Of course it
is also possible to mount it in any other suitable way. The air is
supplied to the turbine through an air duct (not shown) passing
through the shank 10 of the angle handpiece head, whereas the
outgoing air can also be discharged in any desired manner. Also
shown in the illustration is a water supply duct 11 from which a
conduit 12 leads to a spray chamber 13 through which by means of
small spray tubes 14 spray water can be discharged on to the region
of the tooth being treated, or on to the tool point.
Inserted in the rotor 7, which is constructed as a hollow shaft, is
the clamping sleeve 3 which is made of elastic material, and guide
sleeves 15, 16 are situated at the two ends of the clamping sleeves
3 and are inserted in the rotor 7 so as to be rotationally rigid
e.g. with a snug fit. The upper guide sleeve is provided with noses
18 which are in engagement with appropriate recesses 19 of the
clamping sleeve 3, whereby the rotary movement of the rotor 7 is
transmitted to the clamping sleeve.
According to the modified form of embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the
lower guide sleeve 15 is screwed into the hollow of the rotor, for
easier interchanging. The screwthread is designated as 20.
FIG. 4 shows the form of embodiment according to FIG. 2 with the
inserted tool 21, which is constructed as a drill. The tool shank
is designated as 22. It will be clearly seen that the central
annular chamber 5 and also the annular chambers 6 situated at the
two ends of the clamping sleeve 3 have become narrower, the cause
of this being that the elastic material of the clamping sleeve 3
has yielded when the tool shank 22 was inserted. This prevents
crushing, distortion or creep in the material and therefore
obviates wear thereon. The drawing also shows that the annular
spaces 5 and 6 overlap somewhat, thus further improving the
aforesaid advantages.
In the form of embodiment according to FIG. 5, which shows a dental
hand instrument constructed as a straight turbine handpiece, the
clamping sleeve 3 is screwed into the hollow shaft 23 at its lower
end at 28, as in the form of embodiment according to FIG. 1. For
easier screwing-in, there is again provided a screw slot which is
designated as 24. Suitable ball bearings or other bearings, which
will not be described in detail here, are provided in known manner
for mounting the shaft 23. 26 designates the connection for the
driving air for the turbine rotor 25. A known ejecting device given
the general reference numeral 27 is used for ejecting a tool (not
shown) inserted in the clamping sleeve 3.
It should be mentioned that the screwing-in of the clamping sleeve
3 is in principle also possible in the case of the forms of
embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 to 4. But this screwing-in is
particularly appropriate in the form of embodiment according to
FIG. 5 since in the case of a straight handpiece a considerable
tool shank penetration depth is available, and therefore a
considerable clamping length. Thus the clamping sleeve 3 inserted
over a relatively considerable length has an adequate guide, so
that there is no need for the guide sleeves provided according to
FIGS. 2 to 4.
Rotary movement is transmitted from the hollow shaft 23 to the
clamping sleeve 3 by the aforesaid screwed connection 28.
The constructional form shown in FIG. 6 shows the same handpiece as
in FIG. 5 but with the tool shank 22 inserted. In the form of
embodiment shown in FIG. 6 there is no screwed connection between
clamping sleeve 3 and hollow shaft 23. Rotary movement is
transmitted from the hollow shaft 23 to the clamping sleeve 3 by
friction. The clamping sleeve 3 is so opened-out on the tool shank
22 that the two ends of the clamping sleeve securely surround the
portion of the tool shank 22 which at this region is slightly
recessed. Long annular spaces 5 are situated in the central portion
of the clamping sleeve. When the tool is removed, the clamping
sleeve also comes out of the hollow shaft together with the tool
shank 22.
In the forms of embodiment according to FIGS. 7 to 9, the internal
wall of the metal clamping sleeve 3 is constituted by three
cylindrical individual portions 29, 30 and 31, of which the outer
portions 29 and 31 have a somewhat wider diameter than the internal
portion 30. The external portions 29 and 31 serve to form annular
spaces 6 between the clamping sleeve 3 and the tool shank 21
whereas, as FIG. 9 shows more particularly, the internal portion 30
having substantially areal contact with the tool shank 22 when the
tool is inserted.
The clamping sleeve 3 is also so constructed that between the
clamping sleeve and the rotor 7 there is formed a further annular
space 5 (FIG. 7) which is present at least when the tool is not
inserted. The internal diameter of the clamping sleeve 3 in the
region of these annular spaces 5 is smaller than the diameter of
the tool shank at least when the tool is not inserted.
As FIGS. 7 to 9 also show, the annular spaces 6 on the one hand and
5 on the other hand overlap here also.
The metal clamping sleeve 3 comprises clamping tongues 33 which are
formed by slots 32, in order to obtain the clamping force acting in
the radial direction, and which extend axially beyond the regions
of both the annular spaces 6 and the annular space 5.
In the form of embodiment according to FIG. 8, the external wall of
the clamping sleeve 3 when the tool is not inserted is curved
inwards in the region of the annular space 5 as viewed in
longitudinal section.
When a tool shank 22 is inserted in the clamping sleeve 3, the
clamping tongues 33 take up a position shown in FIG. 9, whereby the
central portion 30 achieves areal contact with the tool shank 22,
and therefore there is a good clamping effect on the tool
shank.
To avoid notching stresses at the ends of the slots 32, these are
rounded in the form of a widening 34.
FIG. 7 shows that the internal wall of the clamping sleeve 3 is
cylindrical in configuration when the tool is not inserted, the
transition from the wall portions 29, 31 defining the annular
spaces 6 between clamping sleeve 3 and tool shank to the other wall
portion 30 being in the form of a bevelling 35. The bevelling 35
permits complete insertion of the tool shank 22 in a simple manner,
i.e., without the transition forming an obstacle to the instrument
side tool shank end, more particularly if the said end is not
rounded or bevelled but is flat.
* * * * *