U.S. patent number 3,668,832 [Application Number 05/043,758] was granted by the patent office on 1972-06-13 for plastic building block.
Invention is credited to James D. Harman.
United States Patent |
3,668,832 |
Harman |
June 13, 1972 |
PLASTIC BUILDING BLOCK
Abstract
A plastic building block comprising a pair of spaced side walls,
a front end wall, a rear end wall, and a bottom wall that form a
rectangular box-like shape with an open top. Each side wall has a
thickened reinforced layer and a thinner border area. The rear end
of each side wall has a cut-away section of reduced thickness and
the forward end of each side wall includes a leading section that
extends beyond the front end wall. Complementary, angularly
oriented tongues and grooves are defined between the leading
sections of a first block and the cut-away sections of a second
block. Adjacent, identical blocks are assembled into wall sections
by sliding the tongues of the first block into the grooves of the
second block, or vice versa, so that the thinner leading sections
of the first block straddle the cut-away sections of the second
block and overlap the joints formed therebetween. THe thinner
border area of an upper block, which is coextensive with the
exterior face of said block, straddles the border area of a lower
block, said border area being coextensive with the interior face of
said block. Thus, the joints formed between the upper block and the
lower block are overlapped.
Inventors: |
Harman; James D. (Hegins,
PA) |
Family
ID: |
21928738 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/043,758 |
Filed: |
June 5, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/591.2 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04B
2/18 (20130101); E04B 2002/0234 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E04B
2/14 (20060101); E04B 2/18 (20060101); E04B
2/02 (20060101); E04c 001/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;52/589-595,436,896,603
;46/25 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
585,506 |
|
Feb 1947 |
|
GB |
|
200,583 |
|
Jan 1939 |
|
CH |
|
Primary Examiner: Perham; Alfred C.
Claims
I claim:
1. A plastic, integrally molded building block comprising:
a. a pair of spaced side walls,
b. a front end wall, a rear end wall disposed perpendicular to said
side walls, and a bottom wall joining said walls together to form a
substantially rectangular box-like shape that is sealed at its
bottom and open at its top,
c. each of said side walls including a leading section that extends
forwardly beyond the junction of said front wall, said bottom wall
and said side walls,
d. each of said side walls further including a central rectangular
reinforced layer and a cut-away section located just forwardly of
the junction between the junction of said rear wall and said side
walls,
e. said reinforced layer being surrounded on all sides by a border
area, said border area having a thickness that is approximately
one-half the thickness of said reinforced layer,
f. the length and height dimensions of the cut-way section being
equal to the length and height dimensions of the leading sections,
and
g. downwardly sloping complementary tongues and grooves located
within said border area and defined between said leading sections
of a first block and said cut-away sections of a second block, so
that the leading sections of a first block can be slid into
straddling and locking engagement with the cut-away sections of a
second block.
2. The building block as defined in claim 1 wherein said tongues
are formed on the interior surfaces of said leading sections and
said grooves are formed on the exterior surfaces of said cut-away
sections.
3. The building block as defined in claim 1 wherein the interior
surface of each side wall has slots formed therein and support
plates are inserted therein for enhancing the structural rigidity
of said block.
4. The building block as defined in claim 1 wherein the walls
defining the grooves taper outwardly so that the grooves are widest
at their bottoms and the tapered walls forming the tongues are
narrowest at their bottoms.
5. The building block as defined in claim 1 wherein the corners of
the border area are approximately one-half the thickness of the
remainder of said border area.
6. A plastic, integrally molded building block comprising:
a. a pair of spaced side walls,
b. a front end wall and a rear end wall disposed perpendicular to
said side walls and joining said walls together,
c. a bottom wall secured to said side walls, said front end wall
and said rear end wall to form a substantially rectangular box-like
shape with an open top,
d. said bottom wall being spaced above the lower edges of said side
walls so that depending sections are formed on said side walls,
e. a leading section formed on each of said side walls that extends
forwardly from the junction of said front wall and said side
walls,
f. said leading sections being equal in height to the height of
said side walls,
g. said leading sections and said depending sections being formed
with a thickness approximately one-half of that of the remainder of
said side walls,
h. a border area of reduced thickness located just forwardly of the
junction between said rear wall and said side walls,
i. said border area being equal in thickness to said leading
sections and said depending sections,
j. the height dimension of said border area being equal to the
height of said side walls and the length dimension of said border
area being equal to the length of said side walls,
k. tongues formed on the interior surfaces of said leading sections
and said depending sections,
1. grooves formed on the exterior surfaces of said border area,
and
m. said tongues and grooves being complementary in shape and
downwardly sloping whereby the leading sections of a rear block can
be slid into straddling and locking engagement with the border
areas of a forward block and the depending sections of an upper
block can be simultaneously slid into straddling and locking
engagement with the border areas of an identical lower block.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The instant invention relates generally to plastic building blocks
and more specifically to building blocks which can be readily
interlocked to form continuous wall sections with overlapping
joints.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Numerous attempts have been made to mass-produce light-weight, yet
sturdy, building blocks that could be easily assembled into
continuous wall sections with water-tight joints. The sought-after
building block would lend itself to assembly with resort to special
fasteners, tie rods, mortar, and the like, and thus could be
readily utilized by unskilled laborers. One attempt at realizing
these objectives is set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 2,209,564, issued on
July 30, 1940, to Clarence Grubb. Although Grubb achieved the
desired overlapped joints between assembled building blocks, the
interlocking metal block proposed therein was impractical because
of its reliance upon (1) spot-welding to maintain the metal sheets
of each block in assembled relationship and (2) open tie-rods to
prevent the assembled blocks from spreading apart. Manifestly, the
expenses and the difficulties involved in fabricating and
assembling such metal building block precluded wide-spread
commercial acceptance of the Grubb building block.
SUMMARY
Thus, with the deficiencies of the known building blocks enumerated
above in mind, the instant invention contemplates an integrally
formed, light-weight building block that is executed in plastic and
yet possesses the desired degree of sufficient structural rigidity
to function in the same manner as a concrete or metal building
block. The forward end of the building block includes leading
sections that extend beyond its rectangular box-like shape. The
leading sections are received in the cut-away rear end sections of
the adjacent block. Downwardly sloping, angularly oriented,
complementary tongue and groove means are defined between the end
sections of a first block and the cut-away section of an adjacent
block so that a plurality of blocks can be interlocked into a
continuous wall section with overlapped joints without resorting to
tie rods, special fasteners, adhesives, mortar, etc. The overlapped
joints, which are formed in both the horizontal and vertical
planes, contribute to the formation of a continuous wall surface
that is impervious to snow, rain, wind, etc.
Additionally, the building block can be reinforced by metal plates
selectively positioned in its interior. Furthermore, because of its
high strength to low weight ratio, the building block can also be
utilized as a storage container by the addition of a lid that
conforms to the shape of the open upper surface of said block.
Other objects and advantages of the instant invention will become
apparent in light of the following description of the invention
when construed in connection with the accompanying sheets of
drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the frontal side of a building
block embodying the principles of the instant invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the underside of the building block
of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 depicts the manner in which a plurality of the building
blocks are assembled in interlocking fashion to form a wall
section;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the wall section of FIG. 3, such view
being taken along line 4--4 of FIG. 3 and in the direction
indicated;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary, exploded side elevation view on an
enlarged scale, illustrating the manner in which adjacent building
blocks are joined together;
FIG. 6 is a view of the tongues on the upper building block of the
pair of blocks of FIG. 5, such view being taken along line 6--6 in
FIG. 5 and in the direction indicated;
FIG. 7 is a view of the grooves on the lower building block of the
pair of blocks of FIG. 5, such view being taken along line 7--7 in
FIG. 5 and in the direction indicated;
FIG. 8 is a side elevation view of the wall section of FIG. 3, such
view being taken along line 8--8 in FIG. 3 and in the direction
indicated, and;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a building block with a lid
positioned thereon.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now in greater detail to the drawings in which similar
reference numerals identify similar parts, FIG. 1 shows the unique
building block indicated generally by reference numeral 10 from a
vantage point at its rear right corner. FIG. 2 shows the block
rotated 180.degree. from the position of FIG. 1, thereby revealing
the configuration of the bottom of the block. Viewing FIGS. 1 and 2
together, the rectangular box-like shape and the open top of the
block can be seen.
Block 10, which is actuated in plastic, comprises right side wall
12 and left side wall 14 and spaced end walls 16 and 18 which
extend parallel to each other and perpendicular to the side walls.
For purposes of orientation, end wall 16 is designated as the back
wall while end wall 18 is designated as the front wall. A bottom
wall 20 of rectangular configuration extends between side walls 12
and 14 and end walls 16 and 18 in a plane above the lowermost edges
of the side walls. The significance of the space below wall 20 will
become evident at a later point in the specification.
Walls 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 define a rectangular box-like shape
with an open top surface. The forward end of right side wall 12
extends beyond front end wall 18 into an integrally formed leading
section 22 and the forward end of left side wall 14 also extends
beyond wall 18 into an integrally formed leading section 24. The
significance of the space between leading sections 22 and 24 will
also become evident at a later point in the specification.
Spaced slots 26, 28 and 30 are cut into the interior face of left
side wall 14 and corresponding slots 32, 34 and 36 are cut into the
interior face of right side wall 12. The major portion of wall 12
constitutes an integrally formed rectangular reinforced layer 38,
and the major portion of wall 12 constitutes an identical
reinforced layer 40. The thickness of the reinforced layers 38 and
40 is twice the thickness of those border areas of each side wall
that are not so reinforced, as best shown in FIG. 8. The thinner
border areas form overlapped joints between adjacent identical
blocks, as will be explained hereinafter. Consequently, the
thickness of the joints is equal to the thickness of the reinforced
layers, and an unbroken, continuous wall section is realized.
As seen in FIGS. 1-3, the single-thickness border area on the outer
surface of each side wall resemble an L resting on its leg and is
defined, inter alia, by the length and height dimensions of the
side walls. The length dimension of the border area on wall 12 is
identified by reference character 42 and the height dimension is
identified by reference character 44. The length dimension of the
border area on wall 14 is identified by reference character 46, and
the height dimension is identified by reference character 48.
Border areas 44 and 48 are also designated as the rear cut-away
sections of the block. The cut-away sections receive the leading
sections of the adjacent block.
Additionally, the dotted outline in FIG. 3 reveals that a border
area of a single thickness is formed on the interior of side wall
12. Such interior area resembles an L resting on its back, and is
also defined by the length and height dimensions of the side walls.
The length dimension of the interior border area is identified by
reference character 43 and the height dimension is defined by
leading section 22. The length dimension of the border area on the
interior surface on wall 14 is identified by reference character 47
and the height dimension is defined by leading section 24 as shown
in FIG. 5. The effect of the border areas on the interior and
exterior surfaces of the side walls is to form a large central
rectangular area of double thickness surrounded by a border area of
single thickness.
A series of parallel grooves 50 are molded into the exterior
surfaces of border area 42 and 44 on side wall 12. A similar series
of parallel grooves 52 are molded into side wall 14. The dimensions
of the grooves are constant along their length, and the grooves
extend downwardly at an angle of 45.degree. from the upper and rear
edges of the block until terminating at the reinforced layer.
A matching series of complementary tongues 54 are molded onto the
interior surfaces of border area 43 and leading section 22 on side
wall 12. A similar series of tongues 56 are molded onto the
interior surfaces of border areas 46 and 48 on side wall 14.
Tongues 56 extend downwardly at an angle of 45.degree. until
terminating at bottom surface 20 or rear wall 18. Tongues 54 and 56
are parallel to each other and fit snugly into grooves 50 and 52 in
an adjacent block. Each adjacent block is identical to the block 10
described above, and is thus identified by reference numerals to
which the numerical prefix "100" has been added; e.g., blocks 110,
210 and 310 in FIGS. 3 and 4.
FIG. 4 shows in greater detail the manner in which the front and
back ends of adjacent blocks 10, 110 are interlocked. As previously
noted, the frontal portions of side walls 12 and 14 extend beyond
front wall 18 to define a pair of spaced leading sections 22 and
24. Sections 22 and 24 are formed with a single thickness of
plastic and the tongues 54 and 56 are molded directly into the
inner faces of the leading sections.
The rear edges of side walls 12 and 14 are flush with rear wall 16
and are formed with a single thickness of plastic in the border
areas indicated by reference characters 44 and 48. Grooves 50 and
52 are molded onto the outer faces of the side walls and extend
downwardly and forwardly until terminating at the shoulders formed
by the double thicknesses of the reinforced layers 38 and 40. The
length dimension of leading sections 22 and 24 is equal to the
length dimension of border areas 44 and 48. Consequently, tongues
54, 56 on the inner surface of the leading sections 22,24 of block
10 slide within the grooves on the outer surfaces of forward block
110 until a double thickness continuous wall surface is formed. The
leading sections of the rear block thus straddle the reduced
thickness border areas 44 and 48 of block 110 and front wall 18 of
block 10 abuts against rear wall 116 of block 110. Such "straddling
arrangement," with overlapped and interlocked joints, is repeated
in the horizontal and vertical planes of the interlocking building
blocks.
While the tongues 54 and 56 on the leading sections 22 and 24 of
block 10 are engaging the corresponding grooves in block 110, the
tongues 54 and 56 on the interior faces of the lower border areas
of block 10 are simultaneously engaging corresponding grooves 350
and 354 in the cut-away upper sections of lower block 310. Block 10
moves downwardly within the grooves of block 310 until the single
thicknesses of the depending border areas abut against the upper
edge of the reinforced layers 338 and 340 of block 310.
Consequently, the depending border areas of block 10 are
interlocked in the upper border areas 342 and 346 of block 310 and
bottom surface 20 of block 10 covers the open end of the lower
block (see FIG. 8). Thus, the horizontal joints formed between the
blocks are overlapped are also impervious to rain, snow, moisture
accumulation, etc.
Although block 10 possesses sufficient structural integrity to be
employed in many building applications, additional strength can be
imparted to the block when heavy loads must be supported.
Reinforcing plates 58 of plastic or metal can be inserted into
slots 26, 28, 30 and 32, 34 and 36 in the side walls of each block.
Plates 58 are indicated in phantom lines in FIG. 4 to emphasize
their optional use.
FIGS. 5-7 more fully illustrate, on an enlarged scale, the details
of the interlocking tongues 54, 56 and grooves 50, 52. Upper and
rearmost block 10 in FIG. 5 reveals tongues 56 formed on the
interior surface of the lower right hand corner of left side wall
14 of the upper block. Forward block 110 shows grooves 150 molded
into the exterior surface of the upper left hand corner of right
side wall 12 of lower block 110. Lower block 310 shows grooves 350
which simultaneously receive tongues formed on the depending
interior faces of the border areas of block 10. FIG. 5 also shows
the manner in the tongues and grooves slope downwardly to form an
acute angle with a horizontal plane parallel to the bottom edges of
the block.
FIG. 6 illustrates the configuration of tongues 56; tongues 54 are
identical in shape. The tongues are formed with a broad base 56a
and a pair of inwardly tapered walls 56b and 56c.
FIG. 7 illustrates the complementary shape of grooves 50; grooves
52 are identical in shape. The grooves are defined by a narrow
opening that is widened by a pair of tapering side walls 50a and
50b that terminate in a broad base 50c. This particular
configuration of the interlocking tongue and groove is easier to
execute with close tolerances with known plastic molding techniques
and yet is easy to put together with a minimum of binding between
the components of the assembly.
FIGS. 1, 3 and 5 show that a small rectangular area in each of the
four corners of side walls 12 and 14 is distinguishable from the
remainder of the border areas. Such rectangular areas, which are
indicated by reference numerals 60, 62, 64 and 66 on side wall 12
of block 10, are formed with a thickness approximately one-half the
thickness of the border areas 42, 44, 46 and 48, or approximately
one-quarter the thickness of reinforced layers 38 and 40. The
corner areas on side wall 14 are identical in configuration;
however, only the upper corner 168 or block 110 and the lower rear
corner 70 on block 10 are visible in the drawings. These corner
areas are devoid of the tongues and grooves that characterize the
remainder of the border areas of the instant building blocks. The
reduced thickness of the corners prevents binding when blocks are
assembled into a wall section.
FIG. 9 sets forth the manner in which the unique building block 10
may be utilized as a heavy duty packing carton. A lid 72 which
conforms in shape to the outline of the open top of block 10 fits
atop the building block and effectively seals same. Plates 58 may
be inserted in the block.
Since many modifications may be made to the basic configuration of
the above-described building block and grooves, such as in the
location and orientation of the complementary tongues
above-described building block, it is to be understood that all
matter herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings is to
be interpreted as illustrative in nature and not in a limiting
sense.
* * * * *