U.S. patent number 3,664,318 [Application Number 05/084,805] was granted by the patent office on 1972-05-23 for fuel injection system.
Invention is credited to William E. Giuffra.
United States Patent |
3,664,318 |
Giuffra |
May 23, 1972 |
FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM
Abstract
A fuel injection system for injecting fuel into either a two or
four cycle internal combustion engine including a housing having a
drive shaft with fuel pumping means for pumping fuel through a
distributing section into fuel injectors associated with the
combustion chambers of the engine. At the fuel injectors, the fuel
is atomized, mixed with air and ignited before being passed into
the combustion chambers.
Inventors: |
Giuffra; William E. (Jackson,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
22187316 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/084,805 |
Filed: |
October 28, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
123/450;
123/495 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F02M
69/00 (20130101); F02M 59/12 (20130101); F02M
41/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F02M
59/12 (20060101); F02M 69/00 (20060101); F02M
59/00 (20060101); F02M 41/06 (20060101); F02M
41/00 (20060101); F02m 039/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;123/139,139.11,145A,32,32SJ,32SP,32ST |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Goodridge; Laurence M.
Claims
I claim as my invention:
1. In a system for injecting fuel into an internal combustion
engine having a plurality of cylinders therein, said system
comprising:
a substantially enclosed housing having a chamber therein;
a drive shaft extending longitudinally of said housing and out one
end thereof;
a plurality of fuel outlets communicating at one end with the
interior of said housing and at the other end with a respective
fuel injector;
fuel pumping means disposed in said housing and in driving
engagement with said drive shaft for pumping fuel to each of said
fuel injectors;
a fuel inlet communicating with said fuel pumping means for
introducing fuel thereto;
a generally substantially flat plate-like distributor rotor having
an aperture extending therethrough surrounding said shaft and in
fluid communication with fuel being pumped from said fuel pumping
means;
a distributor housing having a plurality of apertures therethrough
fixedly mounted within said housing, said distributor housing
apertures being in selective fluid communication with one of said
fuel outlets and said distributor rotor aperture;
centrifugal fuel advance means fixedly mounted to shaft for
rotating said rotor about its axis and thus advance said rotor to
thereby selectively align said distributor rotor aperture with one
of said distributor housing apertures for pumping fuel from said
fuel pumping means, out said fuel outlet and to only one of said
injectors at a time; and
drive shaft rotating means for rotating said drive shaft.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein said fuel outlets are
substantially equally spaced about the upper portion of said
housing.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein said fuel pumping means includes
fuel regulating means therein for regulating the volume and
pressure of fuel being pumped therethrough.
4. The system of claim 1 including tubing connected to each of said
fuel outlets and said fuel injectors for providing fluid
communication therebetween.
5. The system of claim 4 wherein said fuel injector comprises:
an injector body;
a housing mounted on said body having a chamber therein in fluid
communication with said tubing;
a fluid cavity disposed in said body in fluid communication with
said last-mentioned housing chamber; and
fuel atomizing means extending through said injector body
communicating at one end with said fluid cavity and at the other
end with a combustion chamber, said atomizing means being adapted
to atomize the fuel being pumped from said cavity into said chamber
under pressure.
6. The system of claim 5 wherein said fuel atomizing means includes
a plurality of apertures of a restricted diameter extending at an
angle from said cavity into said chamber.
7. The system of claim 6 including a glow plug disposed on said
injector body, said glow plug being insulated therefrom and having
an electrode extending into said combustion chamber.
8. The system of claim 5 including valve means disposed in said
last-mentioned housing chamber for permitting the flow of fuel
therethrough to be cut off when the fuel pressure drops below a
predetermined value to thereby prevent combustion gases from
entering said tubing.
9. The system of claim 5 including air intake means associated with
said combustion chamber for supplying air thereto in an amount
sufficient to support combustion within said chamber.
10. The system of claim 9 wherein said air intake means
comprises:
an air cleaner;
an air chamber communicating with said air cleaner;
an air intake manifold communicating with said air chamber; and
air throttling means associated with said air chamber for receiving
air from said air cleaner and passing a selected amount of said air
through said air intake manifold into said combustion chamber.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to internal combustion engines, and more
particularly, to a system for injecting fuel into such engines.
2. Description of the Prior Act
Fuel injection systems for two and four cycle internal combustion
engines are well known in the automotive art. Generally, such fuel
injection systems are used in conjunction with an electrical
ignition system comprising a distributor, ignition coil, points,
condenser-rotor, distributor cap-spark plugs and spark plug wire
for each cylinder. These systems inject fuel into the intake ports
of the cylinder heads. However, with such systems, smog is produced
and efficiency is reduced since, in two and four cycle engines,
there is an overlap of the intake and exhaust cycles that allows a
certain amount of the fresh fuel-air mixture to be drawn out
through the exhaust port or valve. This scavengering of exhaust
pulls an amount of fuel-air through the chambers in an unburnt
state.
Further, such prior art fuel injection systems require spark plugs
which sometimes require high grade fuels, such as leaded fuels, so
that no slow down in combustion results. Also, since in such
systems the fuel is injected into the intake manifold or cylinder
head port, the fuel enters the combustion chamber in a liquid form
instead of a fog thus causing incomplete combustion. Finally, such
systems may have a common fuel line which connects all injectors.
On these systems, the suction of the intake cycle sucks the fuel
through an orifice in the injector into the intake port of the
cylinder head and into the combustion chamber. Thus, droplets of
fuel are injected into the combustion chamber resulting in
incomplete combustion and lower fuel mileage and more smog.
With the emphasis today on improving the quality of air in our
environment, a need exists for a fuel injection system for an
internal combustion engine which can be made with improved
smog-free characteristics over present systems, is adaptable to
most pre-existing internal combustion engines and can operate with
low-grade fuels.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of my invention to provide an improved fuel
injection system for internal combustion engines which injects fuel
directly into the combustion chamber of such engines.
It is a further object of my invention to provide such a fuel
injection system which injects fuel at a pre-determined time
directly into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion
engine to thereby produce less smog.
It is a still further object of my invention to provide such a
system which uses a glow plug having a longer spark life (or ionize
period) thus permitting the use of lead-free low-grade fuels.
It is an even further object of this invention to provide a fuel
injection system which can be adapted to most internal combustion
engines now in use.
These and other objects as will be discussed further hereinbelow
are preferably accomplished by providing a housing having a drive
shaft with fuel pumping means for pumping fuel through a
distributing section into fuel injectors associated with the
combustion chambers of the engine. At the fuel injectors, the fuel
is atomized, mixed with air and ignited before being passed into
the combustion chambers.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of an fuel injection system in
accordance with my invention; and
FIG. 2 is a side view of a throttle valve and air cleaner for use
with the system of FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawing, a fuel injection system 10 is shown
comprising a generally cylindrical housing 11 having a cap 12
sealing the top thereof and a drive shaft 13 extending therethrough
for driving the internal parts of housing 11 as will be described
hereinbelow. A plurality of fuel outlets 14 are provided about the
upper portion of housing 11 communicating with the interior thereof
for taking fuel under pressure from housing 11, through tubing 15
and into the fuel injector 16. These outlets 14 are preferably
equally spaced around the sides of housing 11, such spacing being
determined by the number of cylinders of the internal combustion
engine with which the system 10 is to be used. Thus, one injector
16, one tubing 15 and one outlet 14 is associated with each
cylinder.
A fuel inlet 17 communicates with the pump section 18 of housing 11
below outlets 14. Such inlet 17 is adapted to be connected to a
fuel line (not shown) leading from a fuel supply (also not shown)
and may be provided with a check ball valve 19, if desired, for
keeping the pump section 18 from losing its prime and damaging
internal parts thereof. The line connected to inlet 17 may be fed
by a conventional fuel pump (not shown) or the like, if
desired.
Preferably, the lower portion 20 of housing 11 necks down to a
reduced neck portion 21 so that the entire housing 11 may be placed
on an internal combustion engine in the position previously
occupied by either the distributor or magneto of such engine.
A gear pump 22 is disposed on shaft 13. This pump 22 includes a
pair of mating gears 22a and 22b, one of the gears 22aa fixed to
shaft 13 and the other gear 22b being rotatably mounted on a shaft
22C fixedly mounted in pump section 18. Fluid communication (not
shown) is provided between gears 22a and 22b for passing fluid from
one side of gear pump 22 to the other as is well known in the art.
Contacting portions of pump section 18 and gear pump 22 may be made
of Teflon or the like so as to improve circulation and boost fuel
pressure. Fuel from pump section 18 is channeled as indicated by
the arrows, to a conventional pressure regulator 23 for regulating
the volume and pressure of fuel and also permitting a small amount
of fuel to bypass for lubrication.
From regulator 23, the fuel enters a fuel cavity 24 in
communication with both an override pressure regulator 25 and a
throttling valve 26. The regulator 25 is designed to limit the
maximum fuel pressure and also permit a small amount of fuel to
leak by and keep components of the pump section 18 from scuffing
against one another and also for lubrication of these components.
The excess fuel, after being bypassed by regulator 25, is then
channeled back to the suction side, i.e., the right hand side of
FIG. 1, of pump section 18 along with the leak-off fuel.
Throttling valve 26 is actuated by suitable control means (not
shown) and regulates the amount of fuel under pressure that enters
the rotor cavity formed in the upper portion 27 of housing 11. This
fuel entering the rotor cavity then enters through an aperture 28
formed in a distributor rotor 29. Rotor 29 is also disposed on
shaft 13. As shaft 13 is rotated, the rotor aperture 28 indexes
with like apertures 30 formed in a distributor housing 31 fixedly
mounted in housing 11. These apertures 30 also communicate with
fuel outlets 14 as shown.
Distributor housing 31 includes an aperture for each individual
cylinder (not shown) that is connected to the fuel outlets 14.
Thus, only two such apertures 30 are shown in FIG. 1. When rotor
aperture 28 indexes with one of the distributor apertures 30, fuel
under pressure is forced through the aperture 30 to fuel outlet 14
and thus into injector 16. Mating surfaces of rotor 29 and housing
31 may also be made of Teflon or similar material so as to prevent
scuffing or wear.
A centrifugal advance mechanism 32 is also disposed on shaft 13
above distributor housing 31. This mechanism 32 advances the fuel
injection timing to the injector or injectors 16 and the combustion
chambers of the internal combustion engine (not shown). Advance of
rotor 29 is accomplished by means of a sleeve 33 coupling rotor 29
to mechanism 32. All of the housings 31, 34 (housing 34 housing the
throttling valve 26 and regulator 25) and 35 (housing 35 housing
gear pump 8 and the various elements of pump section 18) are
preferably sealed within housing 11 by O-rings 36 or the like.
An aperture 37 is formed in lower housing portion 20 that may be
either capped or used as a return to the fuel supply tank (not
shown) to take up excess fuel that seeps past gear pump 22. A like
aperture 38 may be formed in reduced neck portion 21 to serve as an
emergency drain that may be piped to a sight glass (not shown) so
that the housing 11 may be serviced if fuel is visible.
A shaft bearing 39 surrounds shaft 13 between the inner wall 40 and
shaft 13 so that the shaft rotates therein. A similar bearing 39a
is disposed between sleeve 33 and housing 31. A gear 41 may be
mounted on the bottom of shaft 13 for driving the shaft 13 (instead
of driving shaft 13 through means of a distributor or magneto or
the like). Fuel leakage past shaft 13 and bearing 39 is prevented
by means of one or more seals 42. A spring 43 surrounds shaft 13
between rotor 29 and housing 34 to maintain pressure on rotor 29
and prevent fuel from entering the distributor aperture 30 which is
not aligned with rotor aperture 28 during operation thereof.
The fuel under pressure is piped out outlet or outlets 14 through
tubing 15 to injector 16 (only one injector being shown for
convenience of illustration--obviously, a like injector would be
associated with each of the remaining outlets 14, the total of
which being of course determined by the total number of cylinders
in the vehicle). Tubing 15 is secured to fuel injector 16 by means
of a fitting 44 mounted on a fitting housing 45. A spring-operated
check ball valve 46 is disposed on housing 45 in communication with
fuel entering therein. Valve 46 permits the flow of fuel to be cut
off when the pressure drops below a certain value and prevents
combustion gases from entering tubing 15.
From housing 45, the fuel enters fuel cavity 46a, cavity 46a being
in communication with a plurality of apertures 47 extending through
injector body 48 at an angle adapted to atomize the fuel when it
leaves cavity 46a through apertures 47 under pressure. The diameter
and angle of these apertures 47 depends upon the type of engine
with which my system is to be used. This atomized fuel is then
mixed with air (as will be discussed shortly) and ignited by the
electrode 49 of a glow plug 50. Glow plug 50 is insulated as at
insulation 51 from the upper body portion 52 of injector 16. The
combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is represented
by chamber 53 and injector 16 is sealed thereto by means of a seal
54, which may be a copper gasket or the like.
FIG. 2 shows air intake means 55 that may take the place of a
conventional carburetor when adapting a conventional internal
combustion engine to the fuel injection system of my invention.
Thus, air intake means 55 includes conventional air cleaner 56
mounted on an air throttle housing 57 containing a throttle
butterfly plate 58 therein. The throttle butterfly plate 58 is
controlled by a linkage 59 for controlling the passage of air to an
air intake manifold 60. Linkage 59 is of course connected to the
accelerator pedal of the vehicle. Thus, when valve 58 is closed,
the opening is restricted, and when open, sufficient air can be
admitted thus regulating, through linkage 59, the amount of air
entering the combustion chamber of the vehicle. Such means 55
creates a vacuum that the piston of the engine (not shown) pulls
against when valve 58 is closed thus helping slow down the vehicle
on down hill grades and under deceleration. The air cleaner 56 may
take any desired configuration and cleans the air prior to it
entering the cylinder of the vehicle.
In operation, fuel is admitted to the interior of housing 11
through inlet 17. Shaft 13 is rotated thus pumping the admitted
fuel, the pressure being regulated by regulator 23, into cavity 24
as discussed hereinabove and indicated by the arrows. Valve 26
regulates the amount of fuel to be distributed to rotor 29 in
accordance with the position of throttling valve 26 as well known
in the automotive art. The fuel enters aperture 28 in rotor 29 and
from there the fuel is distributed to the individual cylinders of
the vehicle through apertures 30 and into tubings 15.
The advance mechanism 32, rotated by shaft 13, advances the
delivery of fuel by indexing rotor aperture 28 with the apertures
30 in housing 31 as is well known in the automotive art.
The fuel enters each injector 16 under pressure and through the
interior 53a, via passageways 47, of combustion chamber 53. There
the fuel is atomized as it comes from housing 11 via tubing 15 and
apertures 47 and is injected into chamber 53 on the power cycle of
that respective cylinder so as to convert liquid energy into
mechanical energy. The check ball valve 46 in housing 45 prevents
any fuel from dripping into the interior 53a of chamber 53 and
keeps combustion gases out of tubing 15.
As discussed hereinabove with respect to FIG. 2, the desired amount
of air is then mixed with the atomized fuel in the interior 53a of
chamber 53 and the mixture is ignited by means of the electrode 49
of glow plug 50.
Unless otherwise indicated hereinabove, conventionally known parts
may be used and assembled in the manner indicated. Also, all valves
and/or other regulators and controls may be controlled from the
dashboard and floor of the vehicle through suitable pedals,
linkages, knobs, etc., all as is well known in the automotive
art.
In summary, it can be thus seen that I have described a true fuel
injection system because my system injects fuel directly into the
combustion chamber rather than into the intake ports of the
cylinder heads as in other prior art systems. Because my fuel
injection system injects fuel directly into the combustion chamber
instead of the intake port of the cylinders at a pre-determined
time, it produces less smog and is more efficient since, on two and
four cycle engines, there is an overlap of the intake and exhaust
cycles that allows a certain amount of the fresh fuel air mixture
to be drawn out through the exhaust port or valve. As discussed
previously, this scavengering of exhaust pulls a certain amount of
unburnt fuel-air through the chambers which cannot take place in
may system since the fuel is injected on the power stroke and will
have completed its combustion before the exhaust port or valve
opens. When the exhaust valve or port opens, the fresh air being
drawn through the chamber when the intake port or valve opens on
the overlap cycle is fresh air with no fuel mixture in it.
Better gas mileage may be obtained with my system over other prior
art systems because the atomization of fuel takes place in the
combustion chamber where it is immediately burned as opposed to
being injected into the intake manifold or cylinder head port which
will let the fuel enter the combustion chamber in a liquid form
instead of a fog, thus causing incomplete combustion.
The fuel injectors of my system are very efficient because they are
calibrated and have check ball valves therein so the fuel injection
cannot drop droplets of fuel into the combustion chamber until the
fuel pump delivers fuel under pressure from the fuel pump to the
injector through a line to that individual injector.
Since my system atomizes or breaks up the fuel into fine particles,
there is better and more complete combustion which gives better
fuel mileage and less smog.
* * * * *