U.S. patent number 3,657,960 [Application Number 05/045,822] was granted by the patent office on 1972-04-25 for self aligning gas system for firearm.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Olin Corporation. Invention is credited to Joseph A. Badali.
United States Patent |
3,657,960 |
Badali |
April 25, 1972 |
SELF ALIGNING GAS SYSTEM FOR FIREARM
Abstract
A bolt-actuating gas system for a firearm comprising an annular
gas chamber, an annular piston, and an annular piston sleeve
loosely mounted on a tubular magazine wherein the piston sleeve
includes a push rod loosely mounted on the sleeve for contacting
the bolt assembly. The push rod contacts the bolt assembly but is
not connected thereto so that when the piston is moved through its
work stroke, the push rod drives against the bolt assembly to
propel the latter toward its retired position. Furthermore, the
bolt assembly can be manually retracted to its retired position
without causing concurrent movement of the piston, sleeve and
rod.
Inventors: |
Badali; Joseph A. (Branford,
CT) |
Assignee: |
Olin Corporation (N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
21940068 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/045,822 |
Filed: |
June 12, 1970 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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763566 |
Sep 30, 1968 |
3568564 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
89/191.02 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41A
5/18 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F41A
5/00 (20060101); F41A 5/18 (20060101); F41d
005/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;89/191,192,193 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Bentley; Stephen C.
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation-in-part of my co-pending
application Ser. No. 763,566, filed September 30, 1968 now U.S.
Pat. No. 3,568,564.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a gas-operated system for actuating the bolt assembly in a
firearm having a receiver with a front wall, a barrel secured to
the receiver, and a tubular magazine secured to the receiver and
generally parallel to the barrel and comprising:
a. a bracket secured to the barrel and surrounding the magazine to
form therewith an annular gas chamber;
b. a gas bleed port extending between said gas chamber and a bore
in the barrel;
c. an annular piston movably mounted on the magazine and disposed
in said gas chamber;
d. sleeve means slidably mounted on the magazine and drivingly
engaging said piston; and
e. push rod means loosely connected to said sleeve means, said push
rod means being in buttment with the bolt assembly but free of
securement therewith, and said push rod means extending through an
aperture in the front wall of the receiver said push rod means
being sized to form a gas obturating fit with the receiver front
wall aperture, and said push rod means being laterally movable with
respect to the sleeve means axis and the bolt assembly.
2. The gas-operated system of claim 1, wherein said sleeve means is
loosely mounted on the magazine so as to permit lateral movement of
the sleeve means to occur with respect to the magazine axis.
3. The gas-operated system of claim 1, further comprising at least
one gas vent in said bracket, said gas vent being uncovered when
said piston is in a driven position.
4. The gas-operated system of claim 1, further comprising spring
means mounted on said push rod means in engagement with the front
wall of the receiver, said spring means being operable to return
said push rod means, said sleeve means, and said piston from a
driven position to a normal position forwardly spaced from said
driven position.
5. The gas-operated system of claim 1, further comprising a split
metal gas obturating ring mounted on the magazine and positioned in
a forward end of said gas chamber, said ring having a curvilinerar
surface disposed adjacent to said gas bleed port, said curvilinear
surface being acted upon by high pressure gases emitted from said
gas bleed port to compress said ring tightly onto the magazine to
form a gas obturating seal therewith.
6. In a gas-operated system for actuating the bolt assembly in a
firearm having a receiver with a front wall, a barrel secured to
the receiver, and a tubular magazine secured to the receiver and
generally parallel to the barrel, and comprising:
a. a bracket secured to the barrel and surrounding the magazine to
form therewith an annular gas chamber;
b. means forming a gas obturating seal at the forward end of said
gas chamber;
c. a gas bleed port extending between said gas chamber and a bore
in the barrel;
d. an annular piston movably mounted on the magazine and disposed
in said gas chamber;
e. sleeve means drivably connected to said piston and slidably and
loosely mounted on the magazine, said sleeve means being free for
substantial lateral movement with respect to the magazine axis;
f. the receiver front wall having an aperture aligned with the bolt
assembly;
g. guide means secured to said sleeve means and forming therewith a
well of predetermined lateral dimension;
h. push rod means having a first portion disposed in said well,
said first portion having a lateral dimension substantially smaller
than the lateral dimension of said well to permit said push rod
means to undergo substantial lateral movement with respect to said
guide means and said sleeve means, and said push rod means having a
second portion extending through said receiver front wall aperture
to form a gas obturating seal therewith; and
i. spring means mounted on said push rod means and in engagement
therewith, said spring means further engaging said receiver front
wall to bias said push rod, said sleeve, and said piston toward a
forward normal position.
Description
This invention relates to a short stroke gas system for use in
actuating the bolt assembly of a firearm, such as a shotgun, or the
like.
Conventional gas operated shotguns have slide arms connecting the
piston to the bolt slide so that movement of the piston results in
movement of the bolt assembly. When this type of gun is opened by
hand, that is to say when the bolt assembly is manually retracted
to its retired position, the slide arms and piston move with the
bolt assembly. As the gun gets dirty from repeated use, and as
deposits form in the gas cylinder and on the piston, the gun breech
becomes more difficult to manually open.
A further disadvantage attendent to conventional gas operated
shotguns lies in the exposure of the elements housed in the
receiver to combustion gases when the gun is fired. As previously
noted, the conventional gas operated shotgun includes at least one,
and generally two slide arms which are connected to the bolt
assembly and which are also generally connected to the gas piston.
Since the gas piston is positioned well forward on the gun, and the
bolt assembly is rearward on the gun in the receiver, the slide
arms are of considerable length. The length of the conventional
slide arms renders them flexible and subject to measurable bowing
when the compressive force of the piston is applied to one end of
the slide arms when the gun is fired. In order to permit the slide
arms to move freely through the front wall of the receiver without
jamming during actuation of the action of the conventional shotgun,
sizeable apertures are cut through the front wall of the receiver.
While the large apertures permit the slide arms to move freely
through the front wall of the receiver, these apertures expose the
various mechanical assemblies which are housed in the receiver to
contaminated combustion gases which blow out of the gas cylinder
toward the receiver. Exposure to these combustion gases causes
undesirable deposits of material to form in the receiver, thus
requiring periodic cleaning to remove these deposits.
The gas system of this invention provides for a piston stroke which
is shorter than the extent of movement of the bolt assembly during
actuation of the latter. The gas system includes an annular bracket
member mounted on the gun barrel and surrounding a portion of a
tubular cartridge magazine, to define therewith an annular gas
chamber. A ring shaped piston member is slidably mounted on the
magazine and disposed in the gas chamber, and a light weight piston
sleeve member is connected to the piston and loosely and slidably
mounted on the magazine to extend toward the receiver. A rigid push
rod is loosely mounted on the piston sleeve, the push rod extending
rearward therefrom through an aperture in the front wall of the
receiver to a position adjacent the bolt assembly. The rigidity of
the rod permits the rod aperture to be only slightly larger than
the outside diameter of the rod so that a snug, sliding fit is
achieved. The achievement of a snug fit between the rod and the
aperture helps in greatly reducing the amount of combustion gases
blown into the receiver. The bracket member includes lateral vents
for exhausting combustion gases away from the receiver to further
aid in reducing the amount of combustion gases blown into the
receiver. A spring is mounted to bias the push rod, piston sleeve,
and piston toward the gas chamber. The push rod is not connected to
the bolt assembly but is positioned next to the bolt assembly so
that the rod is moved against the bolt assembly during the work
stroke of the piston to begin movement of the bolt assembly toward
its retired position after the gun is fired. The rod stops its
rearward movement at the end of the work stroke of the piston,
which occurs when the piston sleeve strikes the front face of the
receiver, but the momentum imparted to the bolt assembly from the
rod causes the bolt assembly to continue to move rearwardly to its
retired position away from the rod. Thus the automatic actuation of
the bolt assembly is accomplished without the use of slide arms, or
the like, connected to the bolt, and with minimum exposure of the
interior of the receiver to combustion gases. Also due to the fact
that the push rod is not connected to the bolt assembly, it is
readily apparent that the bolt assembly can be manually retracted
to its retired position without causing concurrent movement of the
piston and piston sleeve.
By loosely mounting the piston sleeve on the magazine, and further
by loosely mounting the push rod on the sleeve, the system of the
invention achieves a substantial degree of self alignment. The
bracket is fixed to the barrel, the barrel fixed to the receiver,
and the magazine is also fixed to the receiver in a conventional
manner. Also the hole in the receiver through which the push rod
moves is fixedly located with respect to the receiver. If the
sleeve were snugly mounted on the magazine, and the push rod were
rigidly secured to the sleeve, the system would only operate
satisfactorily if the axes of the push rod, push rod hole, sleeve,
and magazine were all parallel. By mounting the sleeve loosely on
the magazine, a degree of lateral movement is permitted between the
sleeve and magazine; and by mounting the push rod loosely on the
sleeve, a further degree of lateral movement between the push rod
and sleeve is permitted. In this way, a large degree of lateral
flexibility is imparted to the system and the axis of the push rod
hole does not have to be parallel to the axis of the magazine to
insure that the system operates smoothly and dependably.
Substantial manufacturing cost savings are thus realized and scrap
is greatly reduced with the system of this invention.
It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide a gas
system for actuation of a bolt assembly in a semi-automatic
shotgun, which gas system has a short stroke.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a gas system of
the character described wherein the bolt assembly is unconnected to
the bolt-actuating portion of the gas system.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide a gas system
of the character described wherein the interior of the receiver
portion of the gun is effectively sealed against penetration of
gases from the gas chamber.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a system of the
character described having inherent lateral flexibility between
moving parts and fixed parts in the system.
Other objects, advantages and features of the invention will become
apparent to one skilled in the art from the following detailed
description when read in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a side elevation of a portion of a shotgun with parts
removed for clarity, with the bolt assembly of the gun and the
various components of the gas system disposed in their respective
normal positions prior to firing the gun;
FIG. 2 is a side elevation of a portion of a shotgun similar to
FIG. 1, with the bolt assembly of the gun and the various movable
components of the gas system disposed in their respective positions
after the gun has been fired and the bolt assembly driven to its
retired position;
FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG.
1;
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the piston sleeve, push
rod guide, push rod, and spring showing details of a preferred
configuration of the push rod guide which provides a loose
connection between the push rod and piston sleeve; and
FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of the gas system of this
invention taken generally along line 5--5 of FIG. 3 and
particularly showing the looseness of the connections between the
push rod and sleeve, and the sleeve and magazine.
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 5, a preferred embodiment of gas
system of this invention is shown. The system includes a
conventional tubular magazine 2 which is rigidly mounted in any
known manner beneath and parallel to the barrel of a shotgun. The
forward end of the magazine 2 is threaded to receive an end closure
cap 6. An annular bracket member 8 is mounted on the magazine 2,
the bracket 8 having first bore 10 of a predetermined smaller
diameter which is snugly fitted against the outside surface of the
magazine 2. The bracket 8 also includes a second bore 12 of a
predetermined larger diameter which is spaced apart from the
outside surface of the magazine 2 to define therewith a gas chamber
52. A plurality of lateral gas vents 14 are disposed in the wall of
the bracket 8 in communication with the second bore 12. A laterally
directed gas bleed port 16 is drilled through the wall of the
bracket 8 to communicate with the second bore 12 at a location
adjacent to the first bore 10. An oblique, radial wall 11 is
interposed between the two bracket bores 10 and 12.
An annular piston member 18 having a first smaller bore 20 and a
second larger bore 22 is slidably mounted on the magazine 2. An
oblique face 24 is interposed between the bores 20 and 22, the face
24 preferably being formed at an angle of about 30.degree. with the
vertical. A pair of split rings 26 are mounted on the exterior of
the piston 18 for gas sealing engagement with the larger bracket
bore 12. A split ring 28 having an obliquely cut end face 30 and a
normally cut face 32 is disposed within the piston bore 22, the
face 30 being contiguous with the oblique piston face 24. A split
metal ring 13 is mounted on the magazine 2 and is positioned at the
forward end of the gas chamber 52. The ring 13 has an obliquely cut
forward end wall 15 which bears against the oblique bracket wall 11
so that when the walls 15 and 11 are moved against each other, the
ring 13 will be squeezed down onto the magazine 2 to form a gas
obturating seal therewith. The rearward face 17 of the ring 13 is
concavely arcuate and is positioned adjacent to the bleed port
16.
A lightweight annular piston sleeve 34 is loosely and slidably
mounted on the magazine 2 and extends into the bore 22 of the
piston 18. The inner end 36 of the sleeve 34 is adjacent to the
normal face 32 of the ring 28. A rigid push rod 38 is loosely
connected to the sleeve 34 in the following manner. A push rod
guide member 31 in the form of a curved plate is secured to the
piston sleeve 34 with the wall of the guide 31 being spaced apart
from the exterior of the sleeve 34 to combine therewith to form a
well 33. The push rod 38 is formed with a radially enlarged
shoulder 39 which subdivides the rod 38 into a forward portion 41
and a rearward portion 43. The forward portion 41 of the rod 38 is
disposed in the well 33, with the diameter of the rod portion 41
being sufficiently small so as to permit substantial lateral
movement of the rod 38 with respect to the guide 31. A compressible
spring 40 is mounted on the rod 38, the spring bearing against the
front wall of the receiver on one hand, and bearing against one end
wall of the push rod shoulder 39 on the other hand. Thus the spring
40 urges the rod portion 41 into the well 33 while at the same time
provides sufficient flexibility to permit the rod 38 to move
laterally with respect to the guide 31 and sleeve 34. With
particular reference to FIG. 5, it will be noted that the piston
sleeve 34 has a bore with a sufficiently large diameter so as to be
very loosely fitted over the magazine 2, there being a noticeable
gap 3 between the magazine exterior and the sleeve interior. Thus
the sleeve 34 is free to move laterally with respect to the
magazine 2, which lateral movement is thereby imparted to the rod
guide 31.
Referring now to FIG. 5, the gas system of FIG. 1 is shown mounted
on a shotgun (only partially shown). The bracket 8 is mounted below
the gun barrel 46, and a port 48 is drilled through the barrel 46
into the barrel bore 50. The port 48 is aligned with the gas bleed
port 16 to provide a passage through which pressurized combustion
gases are bled from the bore 50 into the gas chamber 52. It is
noted that bracket 8, piston 18, piston sleeve 34, and magazine 2
can all be disposed within a forearm (not shown) mounted on the
barrel 46. The magazine 2 is rigidly connected in any conventional
manner to the receiver 56 of the shotgun. The bolt slide 58 is
shown in FIG. 5 in the bolt assembly's battery position. The
remaining portions of the bolt assembly are omitted for purposes of
clarity, it being understood that the bolt may take any
conventional form. It is further understood that the bolt assembly
is biased by a spring 54 toward the battery position in a
conventional manner (see FIG. 1). The push rod 38 extends through
an aperture 60 in the front wall 62 of the receiver 56. It is to be
understood that the diameter of the aperture 60 is preferably only
about 0.003 in. larger than the diameter of the rod 38 so as to
provide a snug gas sealing fit. The left hand end of the rod 38, as
viewed in FIG. 5 is contiguous with the front face of the bolt
slide 58. The bolt slide 58 is mounted for reciprocal movement on a
pair of rails (not shown) in the receiver 56 in a conventional
manner.
FIG. 3 shows the radial position of the barrel 46, the push rod
aperture 60 and the magazine 2. Once the gun is assembled, the
locations of these three elements are fixed with respect to each
other, and with the prior art systems, great care must be taken to
insure that the axes of the magazine 2 and the hole 60 are parallel
to each other so that the moving parts of the system can operate
freely and without binding.
FIG. 2 shows the actuating positions of the various members of the
gas system when a shot charge is fired from the gun and the shot
charge (not shown) is propelled down the barrel bore to a position
downstream of the aligned gas bleed ports 16 and 48. High pressure
combustion gases are bled through the ports 16 and 48 into the gas
chamber 52. These high pressure gases cause the piston 18 to move
through the bracket bore 12 toward the receiver 56, thus driving
the piston sleeve 34 and rod 38. These high pressure gases further
act upon the curved face 17 of the ring 13 to squeeze the latter
tightly about the magazine 2 thereby effectively sealing the
forward end of the gas chamber 52 against leakage of gases. The end
point of the work stroke of the piston 18 is reached when the
piston sleeve 34 strikes the front wall 62 of the receiver 56, this
position being shown in FIG. 2. It is noted that the spring 40 is
compressed during the driving stroke of the piston 18. Movement of
the piston 18 to the end point of its work stroke uncovers the gas
vents 14 so as to vent the high pressure gases laterally out of the
gas chamber 52 to lower the pressure therein.
As the piston 18 is driven through its work stroke, the split ring
28 flexes radially inwardly against the magazine 2, the flexure
resulting from the angular interface between the ring 28 and the
piston face 24. The ring 28 thus provides a gas tight seal between
the piston 18 and the magazine 2, and also serves to scrape the
magazine clean of any deposits during the work stroke of the
piston. On the return stroke of the piston 18; the resiliency of
the ring 28 causes it to flex back to its normal loose fit about
the magazine 2, thus offering little or no impedance to the
returning of the piston to its original position.
As previously noted, the mass of the bolt slide 58 is such that the
bolt slide acts as an inertial body for the bolt assembly. Movement
of the bolt assembly from the battery position to the position
shown in FIG. 2 results from momentum imparted to the bolt assembly
by the push rod 38 being moved to the rear during the work stroke
of the piston, even though the push rod 38 ceases its rearward
movement at the position shown in FIG. 2. It is also noted that the
piston 18 does not completely leave the gas chamber 52 at any time
during its work stroke, thus no problem is encountered in returning
the piston to its forward position, such as would otherwise be
encountered if the piston 18 were driven completely out of the
chamber and then forced to re-enter the chamber, in which case the
piston 18 could easily get hung up on the bracket wall.
Since the various moving components of the system, such as the
piston sleeve 34, and push rod 38 are free for a significant degree
of lateral movement as they are moved longitudinally during
actuation of the system, the system becomes self aligning in
various stages of its actuation. Since the sleeve 34 can move
laterally, the exterior of the magazine 2 over which the sleeve 34
slides can include various imperfections such as depressions and
high spots, and it need not be a perfect cylinder with walls
perfectly parallel to its axis at all points. The sleeve 34 will
simply slide over any imperfections adjusting itself laterally as
it slides, and will not bind up on the magazine by having its axis
angularly displaced with respect to the axis of the magazine. At
the same time the push rod 38 will be moved through a rather snugly
fitting aperture 60, however the axis of the aperture will not have
to be closely parallel to the axis of the sleeve 34 because the rod
38 can move laterally with respect to the sleeve axis. Thus any
change in the attitude of the axis of the sleeve or rod which may
occur during longitudinal movement of these elements will not cause
the system to bind up, as would otherwise be the case were these
elements tightly connected to each other.
When the pressure in the gas chamber 52 has been sufficiently
lowered, the spring 40 acts to return the piston 18, piston sleeve
34 and rod 38 to their original positions (shown in FIG. 1.)
It will be readily appreciated from the preceding that the gas
system of this invention permits a short piston stroke, while at
the same time provides for proper automatic actuation of the bolt
assembly of the firearm. Furthermore, it is readily apparent that
the bolt assembly in a gun incorporating the gas system of this
invention can be manually retracted to its retired position without
concurrent movement of the piston, sleeve, or rod occurring. The
provision of a rigid push rod and gas vents in the gas system also
presents a cleanly operating assembly hitherto unattainable in the
gas systems of the prior art. Still further, the loose connections
between the piston sleeve and magazine, and between the push rod
and piston sleeve permit the system to align itself as it moves
longitudinally during actuation and prevents binding of the
elements during actuation.
Since many changes and variations of the disclosed embodiment of
the invention may be made without departing from the inventive
concept, it is not intended to limit the invention otherwise than
as required by the appended claims.
* * * * *