U.S. patent number 3,655,530 [Application Number 05/046,395] was granted by the patent office on 1972-04-11 for fabrication of orifices.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Mead Corporation. Invention is credited to Richard P. Taylor.
United States Patent |
3,655,530 |
Taylor |
April 11, 1972 |
FABRICATION OF ORIFICES
Abstract
A method and apparatus for fabricating an aperture of
predetermined cross-sectional area in an orifice plate for use in a
non-contact printer, includes the steps of fabricating in the
orifice plate an aperture of cross-sectional area no less than the
predetermined cross-sectional area, flowing an electrolytic
deposition solution under pressure through the aperture, applying a
constant frequency stimulating disturbance to the stream of
electrolytic deposition solution emerging from the aperture,
placing an electrically conductive surface in the path of the
stream and at a distance from the orifice plate equal to the
unbroken filament length of said stream through an aperture of the
predetermined cross-sectional area, causing the deposition solution
to deposit on the walls of the aperture by connecting the orifice
plate and the electrically conductive surface to opposite sides of
a source of electric potential whereby the unbroken filament
comprises part of the closed electro-deposition circuit, and
continuing to supply the electrolytic deposition solution to the
aperture until the aperture attains the predetermined
cross-sectional area thereby producing filament breakup ahead of
the electrically conductive surface and automatically opening the
electro-deposition circuit.
Inventors: |
Taylor; Richard P.
(Chillicothe, OH) |
Assignee: |
The Mead Corporation (Dayton,
OH)
|
Family
ID: |
21943222 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/046,395 |
Filed: |
June 15, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
205/131; 205/150;
347/47; 205/148; 204/278.5; 204/228.7 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C25D
7/00 (20130101); C25D 5/003 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C25D
5/00 (20060101); C25D 7/00 (20060101); C23b
005/56 (); C23b 005/48 (); B01k 003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;204/15,16,229,26,273,275 ;346/75,1 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Mack; John H.
Assistant Examiner: Tufariello; T.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. The method of fabricating an aperture of predetermined
cross-sectional area in an orifice plate comprising the steps
of:
a. forming in the orifice plate an aperture of cross-sectional area
greater than said predetermined cross-sectional area,
b. flowing an electrolytic deposition solution under pressure
through the aperture,
c. applying a constant frequency stimulating disturbance to the
stream of electrolytic deposition solution emerging from the
aperture,
d. placing an electrically conductive surface in the path of said
stream and at a distance from the orifice plate corresponding to
the maximum unbroken filament length for an aperture having said
predetermined cross-sectional area,
e. causing the deposition solution to deposit on the aperture by
connecting the orifice plate and said electrically conductive
surface to opposite sides of a source of D.C. electric potential
whereby the unbroken filament comprises part of the
electrodeposition circuit, and
f. continuing to supply electrolytic deposition solution through
the aperture until the aperture attains said predetermined
cross-sectional area and thereby causes filament breakup ahead of
the electrically conductive surface and interrupts the
electrodeposition circuit.
2. The method defined in claim 1 wherein said orifice plate
contains a plurality of apertures and said conductive surface is
equally spaced from said apertures.
3. Apparatus for fabrication of an aperture of predetermined
cross-sectional area in an orifice plate comprising
a. an orifice plate having at least one aperture of cross-sectional
area greater than said predetermined cross-sectional area,
b. means for flowing an electrolytic deposition solution under
pressure through the aperture,
c. means producing stimulation of a predetermined constant
frequency to the filament of deposition solution issuing from the
aperture,
d. an electrically conductive surface mounted in spaced relation to
said orifice plate such that said surface intercepts the path of
said stream and at a distance from said orifice plate equal to the
maximum unbroken filament length of said stream for an aperture
having said predetermined cross-sectional area, and
e. means connecting said orifice plate and said electrically
conductive surface to opposite sides of a source of D.C. electric
potential whereby the unbroken filament comprises part of an
electrodeposition circuit causing the deposition solution to
deposit on the aperture walls until the aperture attains its
predetermined cross-sectional area thereby producing filament
breakup ahead of the electrically conductive surface and
automatically opening the electrodeposition circuit.
4. The apparatus defined in claim 3 wherein the orifice plate
contains a plurality of apertures and said conductive surface is
mounted parallel to said orifice plate to insure opening of the
electrodeposition circuits at the same time as filament length
breakup and thereby to produce all of the apertures of the same
size.
5. The apparatus defined in claim 3 wherein the source of D.C.
electric potential is connected on its positive side to said
electrically conductive surface and on its negative side to said
orifice plate.
6. The method of producing a plurality of equal liquid filaments of
the same size and forming equally sized drops from each filament,
comprising the steps of:
a. forming in an orifice plate a plurality of apertures of
cross-sectional area greater than said predetermined
cross-sectional area,
b. flowing an electrolytic deposition solution under pressure
through the apertures,
c. applying a constant frequency stimulating disturbance to all of
the streams of electrolytic deposition solution emerging from the
apertures,
d. placing an electrically conductive surface in the path of said
solution streams and at a distance from the orifice plate
corresponding to the maximum unbroken filament length for an
aperture having said predetermined cross-sectional area,
e. causing the deposition solution to deposit in the apertures by
connecting the orifice plate and said electrically conductive
surface to opposite sides of a source of D.C. electric potential
whereby the unbroken solution filaments comprise part of the
electrodeposition circuit,
f. continuing to supply electrolytic deposition solution through
the apertures until each aperture attains said predetermined
cross-sectional area and thereby causes the associated solution
filament to break up ahead of the electrically conductive surface
and interrupt the electrodeposition circuit,
g. incorporating the orifice plate in a drop generator including a
chamber for supply of liquid from a common source to all of the
apertures,
h. supplying liquid under a predetermined constant pressure to the
chamber to create a filament of liquid from each orifice, and
i. stimulating all of the liquid filaments at a common constant
frequency to create equal drops off each filament.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is related to copending application IMAGE
CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM USING MULTIPLE ARRAYS OF DROP GENERATORS, Ser.
No. 768,790, filed Oct. 18, 1968 and now U.S. Pat. No. 3,560,641
and assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In making apertures in orifice plates for use in high speed
non-contacting printers, as hereinafter described, it has been
found that such apertures or holes must be uniform in size so that
the filament length of the stream of liquid does not vary in
length. Such variations in length of the filament gives rise to
loss of resolution in printing.
As more fully described in said copending application Ser. No.
768,790, liquid under pressure is forced through apertures in an
orifice plate. The drop generating system is stimulated at a
selected frequency to induce formation of equally sized drops at
the end of the liquid filaments issuing from the apertures. The
drops are then selectively charged by charging rings, and pass
through a deflection field, to be directed either into a catcher
for removal from the system, or to deposit in predetermined
locations on a moving web.
To facilitate high speed printing, an array of orifice plates is
employed with a corresponding increase in the number of apertures.
The presence of a great number of apertures requires that they be
of sufficient uniformity in size to minimize loss in the resolution
and clarity of the printed material.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention employs a method and apparatus to produce
uniform apertures for use in a non-contact printing system. An
orifice plate is provided with pre-formed apertures or holes, the
diameter of the holes being at least the size of the predetermined
diameter desired. Liquid is supplied to the orifice plate under
pressure. The liquid supplied is an electrolytic solution
containing, for example, nickel ions, and is flowed through each
aperture or hole in the orifice plate. Suitable stimulation is
provided at the orifice plate to cause uniform drop formation.
After passing through the aperture, the liquid impinges on a
contact bar. A potential difference is established between the bar
and the orifice plate, with the the electrolytic liquid completing
the circuit so long as the unbroken filament reaches the contact
bar. As a result, metal from the electrolyte liquid is caused to
deposit or plate on the wall of the apertures.
An unbroken filament of liquid issues from the apertures, but has
the tendency of subsequently breaking into drops. The length of
this filament is dependent primarily upon fluid pressure, fluid
viscosity, stimulation frequency and the diameter or cross-section
of the apertures. As the deposition builds up on the inside of the
aperture and decreases the diameter of the aperture, the filament
length will shorten, eventually not reaching and impinging on the
contact bar. As a result, the electric circuit is opened, and
deposition inside the apertures ceases. Therefore, by varying the
distance of the contact bar from the orifice plate, the diameter of
the apertures can be controlled.
The primary object of this invention is, therefore, to provide such
a method of forming small apertures to predetermined size, and to
provide apparatus for this method.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from
the following description, the accompanying drawings and the
appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the uniform aperture forming
device;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic fragmentary view of the device;
FIG. 3 depicts an assembled drop generator unit; and
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a single aperture.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1, a fluid reservoir 10 has a fluid supply line
11 and a stimulator 12 attached thereto. The orifice plate 15 has
apertures or holes 17 predrilled or otherwise formed to a diameter
not less than the predetermined desired diameter. A contact bar 20
is positioned below orifice plate 15. In order that the apertures
17 will attain uniform cross-sectional areas, bar 20 is positioned
directly below orifice plate 15 and parallel therewith. Bar 20 and
orifice plate 15 are each connected to opposite sides of a D.C.
potential difference source 22. In the usual case the ions in the
electrolytic solution will carry a positive electrical charge, so
potential source 22 will ordinarily be connected on the positive
side to contact bar 20 and on the negative side to orifice plate
15. This relation will cause the contact plate to act as the anode
in the circuit.
To obtain apertures of uniform cross-sectional area, the plate 15
is fitted to the reservoir, and an electrolytic solution is caused
to flow into reservoir 10 through fluid supply line 11, as
indicated in FIG. 2. Stimulator 12 induces drops 25 to form at the
end of liquid filaments 30 at a frequency equal to the oscillation
frequency of stimulator 12. When a filament impinges on bar 20, the
electric circuit is complete, and metal from the electrolytic
solution is caused to deposit or plate on the inside walls of
apertures 17, as seen in FIG. 4. As the cross-sectional area of
each aperture 17 decreases in size, the length of the corresponding
filament 30 decreases until the point of drop formation is above
the bar 20. Since only drops are now reaching bar 20, the circuit
is broken as to the corresponding filament, and electrolytic
deposition in the aperture ceases. Thus, by controlling the
stimulation frequency and the distance X between orifice plate 15
and bar 20, uniformly sized apertures 17 may be obtained. Each one
is controlled in size independently of the others.
In contrast to usual electroplating procedures the coating ions of
this invention are supplied from a continually flowing fluid rather
than from the anode of electrodeposition circuit. This means that
the anode may be any conductive material such as graphite. However,
the contact plate should not be made of a material which will be
coated by the ions from the fluid since deposition of the ions on
the contact plate will decrease the anode-orifice distance. Even
the plating liquid itself may serve as an anode if it is pooled
below the orifice plate and held at a constant level. Conversely it
is desirable that the anode not function as a donor of coating
material because the accompanying etching of the anode surface
would increase the anode-orifice distance.
FIG. 3 depicts a drop generator employing an aperture 17 fabricated
by the above method and apparatus. Liquid, such as ink, is pumped
into chamber 31 in a top bar 32 and passes to the aperture 17
formed in orifice plate 15, now fastened beneath this chamber. The
resulting liquid filaments 34 break into drops, and a stimulating
means in the form of vibrator 35 causes the drops to form at a
frequency which is common to all filaments, resulting in drops of
essentially equal size and spacing.
Beneath the orifice plate is gasket 36, and a charging assembly in
the form of plate 37 having openings in which charging electrode
rings 38 are carried. Suitable electrical insulation (not shown) is
provided between rings 38, such as by an insulating coating on
plate 37.
A spacer plate 42, of electrically insulating material, is fastened
below the charging assembly. Below the spacer plate is grounded
guard electrode plate 44 on top of an electrostatic deflection
assembly, comprising insulating support bars 45 mounting deflection
electrodes 47 across which a substantial potential difference is
applied. Uncharged drops follow a straight trajectory and deposit
on moving web 50, which preferably is moved at constant velocity
correlated to the drop generating frequency so that a continuous
line of drops will cause an essentially continuous mark or trace
along the web. Charged drops will follow a curved trajectory due to
the deflecting field, and these drops are removed from the system
through a catcher assembly 55.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to
fabricating uniform apertures for use in a non-contacting printing
system, it is to be understood that the present invention may be
employed for any other purpose where apertures of uniform size are
desired, e.g., in fabricating nozzles for a fuel injection
apparatus.
While the method herein described, and the form of apparatus for
carrying this method into effect, constitute preferred embodiments
of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not
limited to this precise method and form of apparatus, and that
changes may be made in either without departing from the scope of
the invention.
* * * * *