U.S. patent number 3,651,730 [Application Number 05/070,056] was granted by the patent office on 1972-03-28 for sound level control device in electronic musical instrument employing touch responsive keying means.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha. Invention is credited to Takeshi Adachi.
United States Patent |
3,651,730 |
Adachi |
March 28, 1972 |
SOUND LEVEL CONTROL DEVICE IN ELECTRONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
EMPLOYING TOUCH RESPONSIVE KEYING MEANS
Abstract
In an electronic musical instrument of keyboard type, a sound
level control device comprises a required number of coils and
magnets respectively associated with the keys in the keyboard to
induce a voltage in response to the key depression speed in one of
the coils when a key in the keyboard is depressed, a capacitor
connected across each of the coils to be charged by said induced
voltage through a diode, a semiconductor switch element having a
signal input electrode, a signal output electrode and a control
electrode which is connected with one terminal of the capacitor,
and a series-connected circuit which includes a first resistor and
a normally closed switch interlinked with each key in the keyboard
and is connected between said one terminal of the capacitor and the
cutting-off potential point. An improvement resides in that the
other terminal of the capacitor is connected through a second
resistor to a variable voltage source for variably biasing the gate
potential by superposing a variable voltage over the charged
voltage in said capacitor, and the resistance value of said second
resistor is selected to be substantially greater than the
resistance value of the first resistor.
Inventors: |
Adachi; Takeshi (Hamamatsu,
JA) |
Assignee: |
Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki
Kaisha (Hamamatsu-shi, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
12118016 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/070,056 |
Filed: |
September 8, 1970 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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|
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Sep 10, 1969 [JA] |
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45/23715 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
84/688; 84/DIG.8;
84/720; 984/319 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G10H
1/0555 (20130101); Y10S 84/08 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G10H
1/055 (20060101); G10h 001/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;84/1.01,1.24,1.26,DIG.7,DIG.8,DIG.23 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Askin; Laramie E.
Assistant Examiner: Weldon; U.
Claims
I claim:
1. In an electronic musical instrument of keyboard type, a sound
level control device comprising:
a plurality of coils and magnets respectively associated with keys
in the keyboard to induce a voltage in one of said coils by an
associated magnet moving when a corresponding key in the keyboard
is depressed, each said coil having a first terminal and a second
terminal;
a diode;
a capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal, the
first terminal of the capacitor being connected to the first
terminal of said coil through said diode and the second terminal of
the capacitor being connected to the second terminal of said
coil;
a semiconductor switching element having a signal input electrode
and a signal output-electrode, and a control electrode connected to
the first terminal of said capacitor;
a cutting-off potential source connected to provide a voltage which
renders said switching element nonconductive when applied to said
control electrode;
a series-connected circuit which comprises a first resistor and a
normally closed switch interlinked with the key in the keyboard and
is connected between said cutting-off potential source and the
first terminal of said capacitor;
a variable voltage source; and
a second resistor connected between said second terminal of said
capacitor and said variable voltage source, the resistance value of
said second resistor being substantially greater than the
resistance value of said first resistor.
2. A sound level control device according to Claim 1, wherein said
cutting-off potential source is adjustable for providing a variable
voltage for adjusting the discharge characteristic of said
capacitor.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to sound level control devices
employed in electronic musical instruments, and more particularly
to a type thereof wherein the sound level (maximum amplitude)
obtainable in response to the force or speed with which the key is
depressed can be regulated as desired, and the attenuation of the
sound also can be controlled as desired.
In a "natural" (ordinary mechanical) musical instrument such as a
piano, harp, guitar, or cembalo, the output sound level versus
depression strength characteristics are somewhat different
depending on the kind of the instruments. For instance a piano,
because of the provision of an escapement or releasing mechanism,
no sound is created when the key is depressed with a weaker force
than a certain value, whereas in a harp or guitar, a sound is
created whenever the string is touched, for instance, by finger,
and therefore the lightest touch (key depression) causes the
weakest sounding of tones. Different from these instruments, a
cembalo produces, owing to the plucking mechanism, a considerable
sound volume even when the key is touched very lightly, while the
stronger depression force causes the louder sounding.
Although in playing music on conventional electronic musical
instruments the "touch responsiveness" has not been considered in
many cases, the electronic musical instrument is fundamentally so
organized as to simulate natural musical instruments, and for this
reason it is desirable to match its sound level versus touch
characteristic to that of the natural musical instrument. More
specifically, it is desirable to provide a sound level control
device of variable nature so that a considerable sound level is
maintained even in the case where the music speed increases to a
higher tempo, and the touching force on each key is decreased as a
natural result.
In the conventional sound level control device employing a
tough-responsive keyboard including a plurality of magnets
interlinked respectively with keys in the keyboard and a plurality
of coils cooperative with these magnets, it has been so arranged
that an induced voltage in any one of these coils as a result of a
relative movement from the corresponding magnet charges a capacitor
disposed in parallel with the coil through a diode, and the
potential variation of the capacitor is thereafter introduced into
the gate electrode of a field effect transistor for controlling a
tone signal passing through the draw and source electrodes of the
field effect transistor.
However, because of the fact that the induced voltage in each of
the coils is a characteristic increasing substantially in
proportion to the depressing speed of the key of the keyboard, the
charged potential of the capacitor in such a conventional control
device has been varied along a curve (line) shifted from the above
mentioned characteristic by a constant voltage corresponding to a
forward voltage drop across the diode, whereby the output sound
level versus key touch force or speed characteristic similar to
that of the above described charged voltage of the capacitor can be
obtained. Furthermore, the adjustable range of the conventional
control device has been far narrowed, and faithfully variable sound
level characteristics not be obtained.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore, the primary object of the present invention is to
eliminate the above described drawbacks of the conventional sound
control device employed in an electronic musical instrument.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved
sound level control device in an electronic musical instrument,
whereby a considerable level of sound can be maintained even in the
case of an extremely light touch on the key in the keyboard.
Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved
sound level control device wherein the above mentioned voltage drop
across the diode can be compensated for.
A further object of the invention is to provide an improved sound
level control device wherein the sound level versus key touch
characteristic is made variable.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide an
improved sound level control device wherein the decaying
characteristic is also made adjustable.
These and other objects of the present invention can be achieved by
an improved sound control device in an electronic musical
instrument which comprises for each key an inductive coil producing
an induced voltage in accordance with the depression speed of the
associated key in the keyboard, a capacitor charged through a diode
from the voltage thus induced in the inductive coil, a field effect
transistor the drain electrode of which is supplied with the tone
signal, the source electrode delivers the switched output and the
gate electrode of which is connected to one terminal of the
capacitor, and a series connected circuit connected between said
one terminal of the capacitor and a point of a cutting-off
potential and consisting of a first resistor and a normally closed
switch interlinked with the corresponding key on the keyboard, and
is characterized in that it further comprises a variable voltage
source, and a second resistor through which the variable voltage is
applied to the other terminals of the above-mentioned capacitor,
and that the resistance value of the second resistor is maintained
greater than the resistance value of the first resistor.
The invention will be better understood from the following detailed
description of the invention when read in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a sound level control device which
constitutes one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of the output sound level
versus key touch characteristic which is obtained in the embodiment
of the invention; and
FIG. 3 is a graphical representation of the envelope characteristic
of the output sound after the musical instrument is keyed on and
then off.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to FIG. 1 showing a circuit diagram of one embodiment of
the present invention wherein a circuit associated with one key
among a plurality of keys is indicated, it is clearly seen that the
sound control device comprises a key K included in the keyboard, a
permanent magnet M interlinked with the key K, a coil L which
induces a positive voltage when the permanent magnet M approaches
the coil L, diode D.sub.1 connected to one terminal of the coil L,
a capacitor C.sub.1 which is charged by a forward current through
the diode D.sub.1, a field effect transistor FET for switching the
tone signal, a normally closed switch S.sub.1 interlinked with the
key K and a variable resistor VR.sub.1 to serve as a variable
voltage source, a resistor R.sub.2 and a series connected resistor
R.sub.1 and switch S.sub.1. There are further provided with a
manually operable switch S.sub.2 for changing the decaying
characteristics as an additional improvement, resistors R.sub.3
through R.sub.5, a diode D.sub.2 connected between the switch
S.sub.1 and the switch S.sub.2 for circuit isolation and a variable
resistor VR.sub.2. The switch S.sub.2 and the variable resistors
VR.sub.1 and VR.sub.2 are respectively provided one in common for a
plurality of circuits associated with a plurality of keys.
The sound control device described above with reference to FIG. 1
operates as follows.
When the key K is depressed, the normally closed switch S.sub.1 is
opened, and the permanent magnet M is simultaneously brought nearer
to the coil L inducing a positive voltage in the coil L. This
voltage charges the capacitor C.sub.1 through the diode
D.sub.1.
The charged voltage is then applied to the gate G of the field
effect transistor FET so as to render the transistor conductive.
When the charged voltage of the capacitor C.sub.1 applied to the
gate terminal G of the field effect transistor FET exceeds a
certain threshold value, a tone signal having a certain positive DC
level and applied to an input terminal I will pass through the
resistor R.sub.5, the drain D and the source S, and the signal thus
conducted through the transistor FET is thereafter delivered from
an output terminal To passing through the capacitor C.sub.2.
In the conventional sound control device, since one terminal of the
capacitor C.sub.1 has been directly grounded without employing the
resistor R.sub.2 and the variable resistor VR.sub.1, the potential
of the gate G does not go up to a value sufficient to operate the
field effect transistor FET (this value is hereinafter called a
threshold value) if the key K is depressed by a light touch, and
the potential of the gate G exceeds the threshold value only when
the key K is depressed more quickly so that the field effect
transistor FET conducts the tone signal to the output terminal To.
For this reason, the conventional sound control device has made it
possible to provide only the characteristic curves as indicated by
(a) and (b) in FIG. 2.
According to the present invention, the resistor R.sub.2 and a
variable resistor VR.sub.1 (serving as a variable voltage source)
are provided between the ground side terminal of the capacitor
C.sub.1 and the ground, and, furthermore, the hot side terminal of
the capacitor C.sub.1 is connected through a smaller resistance
R.sub.1 than that of the resistor R.sub.2 and a switch S.sub.1, a
diode D.sub.2, and a switch S.sub.2, to a cutting-off potential
point, so that a variable key touch versus sound level
characteristic can be obtained.
More specifically, the terminals a and b of the variable resistor
VR.sub.1 are connected to a positive voltage source +V and the
ground, and if the sliding contact c of the variable resistor is
not rotated completely to the ground side, a certain positive
voltage will be created at the sliding contact c. This positive
voltage is applied to the circuit point d and superposed as a bias
voltage to the charged voltage in the capacitor C.sub.1. When the
key K is not depressed, the switch S.sub.1 is maintained in a
closed state, whereby the above-mentioned bias voltage appearing at
the gate G through the coil L and the diode D.sub.1 is bypassed
(shunted) through the resistor R.sub.1 of a smaller resistance than
that of the resistor R.sub.2, the switch S.sub.1, the diode
D.sub.2, and the switch S.sub.2, and thus the potential of the gate
terminal G of the field effect transistor does not reach the
above-mentioned threshold voltage.
When the key K is depressed, the discharging circuit is broken
because of the opening operation of the switch S.sub.1 , and the
bias voltage is superposed on the charged voltage of the capacitor
C.sub.1 which is charged from the induced positive voltage in the
coil L through the diode D.sub.1. As a result, the gate potential
reaches the threshold voltage in an earlier stage of depressing of
the key. If the resistance between the sliding contact c and one
terminal b of the variable resistor VR.sub.1 is suitably selected
so that a voltage required for rendering a low but certain level of
sound can be obtained even if the touch force on the key is weak,
as shown by the curves (d) and (e) in FIG. 1.
Furthermore, if the forward voltage drop of the diode D.sub.1,
which is approximately in range of from 0.2 to 0.6 volt, is
compensated for by the voltage created across the sliding contact c
of the variable resistor VR.sub.1 and the ground, a key touch
versus sound level characteristic as indicated by (c) in FIG. 2 can
be obtained. This characteristic corresponds to that of the guitar
or harp. When the sliding contact c is rotated completely to the
end b, the potential at the d side terminal of the capacitor
C.sub.1 is equalized with the ground potential whereby the key
touch versus sound level characteristic of the sound control device
can be represented by (a) or (b) in FIG. 2.
As is apparent from the description above, all of the
characteristic curves represented by (a) through (e) in FIG. 2 can
be obtained by suitably adjusting the position of the sliding
contact c of the variable resistor VR.sub.1. It should be noted
that a negative voltage is induced in the coil L when a key K is
released, but this voltage is blocked by the diode D.sub.1 so that
no current is thereby created through the circuit consisting of the
coil L, capacitor C.sub.1 and other components. During this time,
the capacitor C.sub.1 is discharged through the resistor R.sub.1,
switch S.sub.1, diode D.sub.2, and the switch S.sub.2.
In addition to the main feature of the present invention, FIG. 1
also shows an additional improvement at the cutting-off potential
portion. And then, the decaying characteristics of the sound after
the time the key K is released can be varied by adjusting the
position of the sliding contact e of a variable resistor VR.sub.2.
That is, by varying the resistance value of the variable resistor
VR.sub.2, the discharge characteristic of the capacitor C.sub.1 can
be varied, whereby the decaying characteristic of the sound can be
changed. FIG. 3 shows in a diagrammatic manner also the portions of
characteristics after the key-off time. In the diagram, A--a, B--a
indicate characteristics when the switch S.sub.2 is changed over to
the ground side, and A--b, B--b indicate characteristics when the
switch S.sub.2 is changed over to the variable resistor side
(connected to the sliding contact e of the variable resistor
VR.sub.2), and the sliding contact e is moved completely to the P
side terminal. It is also apparent that any characteristic between
the above-mentioned A--a and B--b can be obtained by suitably
selecting the position of the sliding contact e of the variable
resistor VR.sub.2.
Although in the above description a sound control device has been
described with respect to one representative key, it will be
apparent that the controls may be provided for all keys included in
the keyboard in a similar manner as described above, and that the
circuit including the variable resistor VR.sub.1 employed for
adjusting the sound level at the initial part of the sound level
versus keying speed characteristic and also the circuit including
the switch S.sub.2 and the variable resistor VR.sub.2 for adjusting
the decaying characteristic after the key is released may be
commonly used for all keys as illustrated in FIG. 1.
Furthermore, it will also be apparent that various minor
modifications or changes may be carried out without departing from
the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the
appended claims.
* * * * *