U.S. patent number 3,650,213 [Application Number 04/835,313] was granted by the patent office on 1972-03-21 for frangible filled-projectile ammunition.
This patent grant is currently assigned to AAI Corporation. Invention is credited to David D. Abbott, Irwin R. Barr.
United States Patent |
3,650,213 |
Abbott , et al. |
March 21, 1972 |
FRANGIBLE FILLED-PROJECTILE AMMUNITION
Abstract
Ammunition is disclosed in which a generally teardrop shaped
hollow projectile is formed of frangible plastic or other suitable
material, the rear end of the projectile is finned and the forward
rounded or ogive shaped end is scored or grooved for ease of
rupture on impact, the projectile carries a payload of a desired
flowable material such as a liquid, powder, or a gas, and
preferably a liquid, for dispersion on impact at target, the
projectile is carried in a cartridge case in which ignitable
propellant powder is disposed adjacent the rear end of the
projectile and adjacent a primer, there being a blanket of soft
resilient flexible polyurethane foam surrounding and behind the
rear finned area of the projectile and disposed between the fins
and the propellant powder to retain the powder in place in a
compact zone adjacent the finned rear of the projectile.
Inventors: |
Abbott; David D. (Baltimore,
MD), Barr; Irwin R. (Baltimore, MD) |
Assignee: |
AAI Corporation (Cockeysville,
MD)
|
Family
ID: |
25269187 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/835,313 |
Filed: |
June 19, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
102/436; 102/444;
102/439 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F42B
5/02 (20130101); F42B 12/50 (20130101); F42B
10/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F42B
5/02 (20060101); F42B 5/00 (20060101); F42B
10/00 (20060101); F42B 12/02 (20060101); F42B
12/50 (20060101); F42B 10/06 (20060101); F42b
005/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;102/41,92,7,43C,42,42C,95,93,94,38 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Stahl; Robert F.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Ammunition comprising:
a cartridge case,
a projectile disposed in said case and having a rear end on which
are disposed stabilization fins in spaced relation about the
surface thereof,
resilient padding disposed rearwardly and laterally of and
circumferentially enfolding and encompassing said rear end and
associated fins and extending between the radially outer ends of
said fins and said case inner wall and into the void zones between
said fins,
and ignitable propellant powder disposed and resiliently retained
in a chamber formed rearward of said padding and generally defined
at its forward end by said padding.
2. Ammunition according to claim 1,
said projectile being a hollow thin-walled frangible shell along
its length and including a bulbous nose and a tapered rear end on
which said fins are disposed,
said shell being frangible on target impact by said bulbous
nose,
said projectile having a charge of flowable material for dispersion
on target impact and rupture of said bulbous nose.
3. Ammunition according to claim 2,
said fins being integral with the portion of said projectile
forming said rear end thereof.
4. Ammunition according to claim 3,
said projectile being formed of molded low density plastic
material,
said charge of flowable material being liquid.
5. Ammunition according to claim 4,
said projectile having a rounded nose which is scored for ease of
rupture upon target impact,
said projectile being incompletely filled with said liquid charge
to enable expansion of said liquid upon heating thereof.
6. Ammunition according to claim 5, said case having an in-rolled
forward end engaging said rounded nose in annular retaining
relation along a line of contact therewith.
7. Ammunition according to claim 6,
said projectile nose being arcuately diametrally scored to form
grooves intersecting at the forward central zone of said nose.
8. Ammunition according to claim 7,
said nose being cup-shaped and said rear section being conically
shaped,
said cup-shaped nose being secured to said conically shaped rear
section along a shouldered line of juncture therebetween.
9. Ammunition according to claim 8,
said nose and rear sections being formed of thermoplastic material
and being spin welded together.
10. Ammunition according to claim 9,
said padding being soft resilient elastic foam material.
11. Ammunition comprising:
a cartridge case,
a projectile disposed in said case and having a finned rear
section,
resilient padding disposed about said finned rear section of said
projectile,
and ignitable propellant powder disposed and resiliently retained
in a chamber formed rearward of said padding and generally defined
at its forward end by said padding,
said projectile being hollow and having a nose end frangible on
target impact,
said projectile having a charge of flowable material for dispersion
on target impact and rupture of said nose end,
said projectile having a teardrop shape with a tapered rear end on
which are disposed stabilization fins in spaced relation about the
surface thereof, said fins being integral with the portion of said
projectile forming said rear end thereof,
said projectile being formed of molded low-density plastic
material,
said charge of flowable material being liquid,
said projectile having a rounded nose which is scored for ease of
rupture upon target impact,
said projectile being incompletely filled with said liquid charge
to enable expansion of said liquid upon heating thereof,
said case having an in-rolled forward end engaging said rounded
nose in annular retaining relation along a line of contact
therewith,
said projectile nose being arcuately diametrally scored to form
grooves intersecting at the forward central zone of said nose,
said nose being cup-shaped and said rear section being conically
shaped,
said cup-shaped rear section being secured to said conically shaped
rear section along a shouldered line of juncture therebetween,
said nose and rear sections being formed of thermoplastic material
and being spin welded together,
said padding being a blanket of soft resilient elastic foam
material surrounding and encompassing the rear finned section of
said projectile,
said blanket extending circumferentially into contact with the
inner surface of said case, whereby both to generally retain said
propellant powder and to cushion said finned rear end of said
projectile.
12. Ammunition according to claim 1,
said padding being a blanket of soft resilient elastic foam
material surrounding and encompassing the rear finned section of
said projectile,
said blanket extending circumferentially into contact with the
inner surface of said case, whereby both to generally retain said
propellant powder and to cushion said finned rear end of said
projectile.
13. Ammunition according to claim 12, said case having an in-rolled
forward end annular bead engaging the nose end of said projectile
in annular end retaining relation within said case and between said
bead and said resilient foam blanket.
14. Ammunition according to claim 1,
said case having an in-rolled forward end annular bead engaging the
forward end of said projectile in retaining relation.
15. Ammunition according to claim 14,
said case having a tubular forward section formed of thermoplastic
pressure deformable material,
said bead being formed at the forward end of said tubular
section.
16. Ammunition according to claim 1,
said resilient padding being an effective circumferential blanket
of soft resilient easily frangible material which serves as a
temporary frangible cushion for said finned rear section and as a
resilient powder retainer for said ignitable propellant powder,
said soft resilient elastic padding blanket being formed of
material which will effectively disintegrate upon firing of said
ignitable propellant powder.
17. Ammunition comprising:
a cartridge case,
a projectile disposed in said case and having a finned rear
section,
resilient padding disposed rearwardly of and laterally
circumscribing said finned rear section of said projectile,
and ignitable propellant powder disposed and resiliently retained
in a chamber formed rearward of said padding and generally defined
at its forward end by said padding,
said projectile being hollow along its length and having a nose and
frangible on target impact,
said projectile having a charge of flowable material for dispersion
on target impact and rupture of said nose end,
said projectile having a teardrop shape with a tapered rear end on
which are disposed stabilization fins in spaced relation about the
surface thereof, said fins being integral with the portion of said
projectile forming said rear end thereof,
said padding being a blanket of soft resilient elastic foam
material surrounding and encompassing the rear finned section of
said projectile,
said blanket extending circumferentially into contact with the
inner surface of said case, whereby both to generally retain said
propellant powder and to cushion said finned rear end of said
projectile.
18. Ammunition according to claim 17,
said blanket having a polygonal peripheral configuration.
19. Ammunition according to claim 18,
said polygonal configuration being quadrilateral.
20. Ammunition according to claim 19,
said polygonal quadrilateral configuration being substantially
square, and
said fins being four in number,
the corners of said square blanket being interfolded into and about
the surface of the projectile between said fins.
Description
This invention relates to ammunition having frangible filled
projectiles which are projected to a target for rupture and
dispersion of their filled charge on impact with a target.
It is a feature of this invention to provide ammunition having a
lightweight finned hollow projectile which carries a charge of
flowable material for dispersion on impact.
It is a further feature to provide ammunition of this character, in
which the projectile has a special teardrop shape for minimizing
turbulence, and has fins disposed along and about the tapered rear
surface, with a resilient padding disposed about the tapered and
finned rear surface to resiliently maintain desired positioning of
the propellant powder in a compact zone adjacent the rear of the
projectile.
Still other objects and attendant advantages will become apparent
from a reading of the following detailed description of a preferred
embodiment constructed according to the invention, taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawing wherein:
FIG. 1 is a partial cutaway perspective view of a cartridge
according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a further fragmentary view of the illustrative cartridge,
the cartridge case being shown in phantom for clarity of
illustration of certain parts.
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a projectile according to the
invention and prior to assembly and filling.
FIG. 4 is a partially cutaway perspective view of the projectile of
FIGS. 1 and 2 in assembled and filled form.
FIG. 5 is a perspective exploded view of the cartridge case after
propellant loading, together with the projectile and powder
retaining blanket or pad prior to assembly in the cartridge
case.
FIGS. 6-10 are schematic views of successive assembly operations,
and FIG. 11 is a further partial cutaway view of the completed
cartridge.
Referring now in detail to the Figures of the drawings, cartridge
11 is adapted to be fired from a conventional smooth cylindrical
bore percussion fire shotgun, and includes a case 21, a fin
stabilized liquid filled projectile 31 frangible on target impact,
a propellant powder charge 51, and a soft resilient blanket 41
disposed about and rearward of the rear finned area of the
projectile 31.
Case 21 includes a cylindrical sheath which is preferably of a
suitable plastic such as linear polyethylene, although such may be
formed of any other suitable material such as a paper composition,
etc. Case 21 has a conventional rimmed brass cup base with a base
wad 27, of suitable plyed paper, plastic, or composition
construction, and a percussion primer 29, which may be of any
conventional or desired construction for igniting the propellant
powder charge 51 upon percussive firing of the primer 29.
Projectile 31 has a generally teardrop shape with a generally
rounded nose section 33, a straight tapered rear section 35 and a
finned rear section having fins 39 nested within blanket 41.
Projectile 31 is retained in case 21 through retaining engagement
of its forward nose end by annular in-rolled or crimped retaining
lip 23a formed at the end of case sheath 23.
Projectile 31 has two sections 33 and 35 formed preferably of
easily moldable thermoplastic materials such as nylon and
polyethylene, and which are capable of withstanding the momentary
high temperature burning of propellant powder charge 51 without
melting or rupturing. Sections 33 and 35 are joined together along
their annular shouldered interfitting junctions 33b, 33c, 33i, and
35b, 35c, 35i, as by suitable bonding such as cement, spin-welding,
etc., the rear end of the section 35 being initially formed with a
fill tip 37 having a fill bore 37a and extending rearwardly of fins
39 for filling the projectile with a desired flowable material,
preferably a liquid, after uniting of the two sections 33 and 35.
The projectile is preferably incompletely filled to enable
expansion on anticipated temperature rises above the ambient
temperature existing during projectile sealing after filling;
however, it is desirable that only the minimum requisite expansion
space be left void within the projectile in order to maximize
payload content. The extent of liquid filling 32 is thus dependent
upon the coefficient of thermal expansion of the liquid and any
normally expected temperature rise thereof in use. After filling,
the projectile fill tip 37 is closed, as by melt sealing with a hot
concave-ended iron, to form a hermetic closure 37b.
The projectile nose section 33 has suitable grooving formed
therein, preferably radial V-grooves 33a radiating from the center
of the nose section along the outer surface thereof, in order to
achieve ease of multi-directional rupture of the nose section on
target impact, and wide lateral dispersal and essentially
aerosoling of the flowable liquid material 32 in the target impact
zone. Grooves 33a also aid in holding the nose section 33 during
spin-welding of the two sections 33, 35 together. With this
target-impact-frangible liquid-filled projectile, it is possible to
fire through a glass window, including a conventional multilayered
auto safety glass window, and effect dissemination of the liquid
fill in a cloud of tiny liquid droplets within the target area
beyond the window which may be perforated, as by being either
partially or completely broken by the projectile, dependent upon
the projectile velocity and glass strength. By employing a highly
volatile liquid agent as the liquid fill 32, this target impact
dispersal, whether against a wall, through a window or otherwise,
is materially enhanced. Particular choice of an agent or agents 32
is dependent upon the desired end result; thus, for disabling a
human fugitive a liquid fill 32 of CS or CN liquid solution is
effective in bringing about temporary disabling and control of
persons from a substantial distance such as, for example, 100 yards
away from point of cartridge firing. A suitable CS liquid solution
may be formed of about 1 to 30% by weight of CS, and the remainder
of methylene chloride or other suitable volatile liquid
solvent.
To aid in achieving desired accuracy, such as firing through a
window in a distant auto or building, the projectile 31 is provided
with fins 39, which are canted in the range of about 1-5 degrees,
preferably about 4 degrees, and formed in an air-foil shaped
longitudinal sectional configuration. The canting of fins 39 gives
a rotational stabilizing motion to the projectile in flight and the
air foil shape of the fins aids in this gyroscopic stabilization by
the angularly directed air-foil lift forces as well as providing a
low turbulence low drag surface for maximizing velocity, range, and
accuracy. In addition, the included taper angle formed by the outer
tapered surface of rear section 35 should desirably be the maximum
permissible while still providing the desired generally laminar
flow therealong and past airfoil fins 39. This has been indicated
to lie in the general range of about 20 degrees. It is for this
reason of desired laminar flow, as well as the desire to
accommodate a maximum payload of liquid fill that the preferred
projectile configuration has a substantially straight tapered
surfaced rear section 35; the straight taper enabling maximum
internal volume with an included taper angle near the limit for
laminar flow. The nose section 33 is generally rounded for maximum
payload holding capacity consistent with desired low wind
resistance and maximum radial dispersal upon rupture on impact.
It is highly desirable that the fins 39 be intact upon the
projectile 31 leaving case 21; however, when formed of relatively
easily frangible plastic material, such as nylon, these fins 39 may
readily be ruptured or cracked if there should exist substantial
quantitative unevenness of distribution of powder charge 51 in the
areas between the fins 39. To prevent this difficulty, blanket 41
of soft resilient elastic material, such as polyurethane foam or
polyethylene foam, etc., is disposed to extend about and behind the
fins 39 and tapered rear surface area 35a therebetween. Fins 39 are
of a slightly smaller diameter than the internal diameter of case
sheath 23, enabling the foam blanket 41 to be inserted into the
cartridge case 21 by simple axial downward insertion of the
projectile into the vertically upright case 21 as shown in FIGS. 6-
8, after initial assembly and loading of the case with primer 29
and powder charge 51 as shown in FIG. 5. While other blanket
configurations, such as circular, may be employed, the preferably
square blanket configuration enables ease of accommodation of the
blanket between the fins, and as will be noted from FIGS. 1, 9, and
11, the propellant powder charge is thereby gently but effectively
retained essentially within a chamber bounded by the base wad 27,
primer 29, case sheath 23 and soft elastic foam blanket 41. The
amount of powder charge 51 extending along the thin wall zone
between blanket 41 and case sheath 23 is relatively small and
maintained of sufficient quadrilateral evenness relative to its
quantity as to obviate breakage of the quadrilaterally disposed
fins 39 upon firing of the cartridge. It will be appreciated that
the elastic resiliency of the blanket 41 will enable accommodation
of various quantities of powder charge, while exerting a desired
gentle resilient retaining action on the charge.
After completion of longitudinal insertion of the projectile 31 in
case 21, as shown in FIG. 9, the case sheath 23 is in-rolled or
crimped as with a conventional end-rolling tool 71 while the case
21 is radially restrained by a guide cylinder 73, thereby
completing the formation of the cartridge 11 to the final
configuration of FIGS. 1 and 11.
While the invention has been shown and described with respect to a
single illustrated and preferred embodiment, it will be apparent
that various modifications and improvements may be made without
departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Accordingly,
the invention is not to be limited by the illustrative embodiment,
but only by the scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *