U.S. patent number 3,648,755 [Application Number 05/031,956] was granted by the patent office on 1972-03-14 for connecting cover strip and hinge for plural panel doors.
This patent grant is currently assigned to United States Steel Corporation. Invention is credited to Robert E. Thiele.
United States Patent |
3,648,755 |
Thiele |
March 14, 1972 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
CONNECTING COVER STRIP AND HINGE FOR PLURAL PANEL DOORS
Abstract
A panel door in which the plates are assembled and held in
parallel side-by-side positions by hinge connections that, in
addition to providing for relative pivotal movement of adjoining
panels, operate to hold such panels with adjacent edges thereof in
spaced relation. The spaces between adjoining panels are closed by
the webs of U-shaped flexible metal strips which have their flanges
connected with the adjacent edges of such adjoining panels along
the length thereof, and in effect form part of the hinged
connection therebetween. Upon relative pivotal movement of
adjoining panels during movement of the door between its open and
closed positions, stresses due to flexing or bending of the flanges
and webs of the U-shaped strips are distributed uniformly over the
metal therein. Such U-shaped hinge strips are especially suitable
for panel doors in which the individual panels thereof are
fabricated from sheet metal.
Inventors: |
Thiele; Robert E. (Murrysville,
PA) |
Assignee: |
United States Steel Corporation
(N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
21862299 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/031,956 |
Filed: |
April 27, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
160/201; 160/40;
49/383; 160/229.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E06B
3/485 (20130101); E05D 15/242 (20130101); E05D
15/165 (20130101); E05Y 2900/106 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E05D
15/16 (20060101); E06B 3/32 (20060101); E05D
15/24 (20060101); E06B 3/48 (20060101); E05d
011/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;160/40,201,229,235,231
;49/383 ;16/148,150 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
528,421 |
|
May 1954 |
|
BE |
|
743,086 |
|
Jan 1956 |
|
GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Bell; J. Karl
Claims
I claim:
1. In a door having a plurality of side-by-side parallel panels,
each having an outer horizontal surface and an inner horizontal
surface and movable over guide tracks between open and closed
positions, the combination having:
a. pivot means connecting adjoining panels with adjacent edges of
said panels, defining a space therebetween and having a pivot axis
extending longitudinally and centrally of said space;
b. a U-shaped flexible strip disposed in said space and having:
1. a web, and
2. sides, each extending through said space from said web and
connected at the free end of said side to a portion of said inner
horizontal surface of said panel,
c. said U-shaped flexible member being adapted to close said space
when said door is in said closed position;
d. said web and said sides having a uniform curvature about said
pivot axis when said door moves from said closed position to said
open position thereby distributing the bending stress due to the
pivotal movement of said panels uniformly over said web and said
sides and preventing early fatigue and breakage of said U-shaped
hinge strip.
2. A door as defined in claim 1 characterized by said flexible
strip being fabricated from sheet steel.
3. A door as defined in claim 1 characterized by the outer edges of
said sides being connected with said panels along the entire length
of said panels.
4. A door as defined in claim 1 characterized by having at least
one of said panel edges.
5. A door as defined in claim 1 characterized by each of said
panels having a reinforcing framework having angle members
extending along opposite ends of said panels.
6. A door as defined in claim 5 characterized by said angle members
having end portions that respectively project beyond the opposite
edges of the panel reinforced thereby, and by said hinge means
including means connecting said end portions on adjoining panels
for pivotal movement about said axis relative to each other.
7. A door as defined in claim 6 characterized by the said
projecting end portions on adjoining panels overlapping and being
offset relative to each other.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to doors constructed of a plurality of
side-by-side parallel panels that are mounted for guided movement
over trackways between open and closed positions in which,
respectively, the door is located in horizontal or vertical planes.
The invention relates more particularly to an improved hinge
connection which provides for relative pivotal movement of
adjoining panels as they travel to and from their closed positions,
and is especially effective for doors in which the panels are
fabricated from sheet metal.
In panel doors, adjoining panels are connected by hinges so that
they may pivot relative to each other during movement of the door
between open and closed positions over guide trackways at opposite
sides thereof. The guide trackways usually include a vertical
section that determines the closed position of the door, a
horizontal section at the upper end of the vertical section that
determines the open position of the door, and a curved section
which connects the vertical and horizontal sections and over which
the panels travel between the vertical and horizontal sections. The
provision of the curved trackway section requires that the panels
pivot relative to each other as they move between their horizontal
and vertical positions, and the hinged connections that are
required for this relative pivotal movement result in narrow
passages or cracks between adjoining panels through which leakage
of air or water may take place when the door is in its closed
position. When the door is constructed of solid panels, each hinge
connection between adjoining panels is designed to move adjacent
edges of such panels into abutting engagement when the door moves
to its closed position. In metal doors, the panels are fabricated
from sheet metal, and a continuous hinge, in the nature of a
piano-type hinge, extending over the entire width of the door, is
commonly provided between adjoining panels and is designed to
prevent leakage of air and water therebetween when the door is in
its closed position. Continuous hinges of this type are obviously
expensive and have not proved entirely satisfactory in
practice.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
One of the principal objects of this invention is to provide an
improved connection between the adjoining panels of plural panel
doors which will be effective to seal the space between the
adjacent edges of such panels against leakage of air or water when
the door is in its closed position. Although the connection of this
invention is especially suited for use in doors in which the panels
are fabricated from sheet metal, it will be understood that such
connection is equally effective in doors having solid panels which,
for example, are fabricated from wood or molded fibers.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In a manner to be described, the improved panel connection of this
invention comprises a hinge that operates to hold adjoining panels
with the adjacent edges thereof in spaced relation, and a flexible
strip that covers and seals the space between such edges. Such
flexible metal strip, according to a preferred embodiment of the
invention, is fabricated from sheet steel and has a U-shape in
transverse section such that its web straddles the space outwardly
of the hinge axis, and its flanges extend inwardly on opposite
sides of such axis and are connected with the adjacent edges of
adjoining panels along the length of each. The specific U-shape of
this flexible hinge strip is effective to distribute the stress,
which results from flexing or bending movement thereof upon pivotal
movement of adjoining panels, in such manner that stress
concentrations which would otherwise result in early fatigue and
breakage of the metal strip are thereby avoided.
Other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent
from the following description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF DRAWINGS
In the drawings, there is shown a preferred embodiment of a panel
door which is constructed with the hinge and protective connecting
strip of this invention. In this showing:
FIG. 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic elevational view of a panel door
constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention,
the view being taken in a direction looking at the inside of a door
when it is in its closed position;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the lines II--II of FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary elevational view, drawn to an enlarged
scale, and showing in greater detail the structure of a portion of
the door shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line IV--IV of
FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a view taken substantially along the line V--V of FIG.
4;
FIG. 6 is an exploded and fragmentary perspective view illustrating
the manner in which the principles of the invention are applicable
to doors in which the panels are fabricated from sheet metal;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a further modification showing a
different form of sheet metal panel;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the lines
VIII--VIII of FIG. 7, which further shows insulating panels
installed on the sheet metal panels;
FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 8 which shows the manner in which
the U-shaped connecting strip of this invention flexes upon pivotal
movement of adjoining panels relative to each other;
FIG. 10 is a fragmentary plan view taken in a direction along the
line X--X of FIG. 11 and looking at the inside of the door, which
shows a further modification of sheet metal panel;
FIG. 11 is an elevational view of the structure shown in FIG. 10;
and
FIG. 12 is an end view of a double panel.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The drawings show a panel door having a plurality of lights or
panels P (FIGS. 1-4, 6-8) which are arranged in the usual
side-by-side and parallel positions customarily employed in this
type of door as perhaps best shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Adjoining
panels P are connected by hinges in a manner to be described for
pivotal movement relative to each other about axis A--A (FIGS.
1,3,4) as the door travels between open and closed positions. As
customary in this type of door, guide rollers R (FIGS. 1,3,4) on
opposite sides of the door are provided for guiding its movement
over trackways T (FIGS. 1, 3, 4) at opposite sides of the door.
Each of the trackways T includes a vertical section 1, (FIGS. 2-4)
a horizontal section 2 (FIGS. 1, 2), and a curved section 3 which
connects the upper end of the vertical section 1 with the outer end
of the horizontal section 1. In the closed position of the door, as
shown in FIG. 2, the rollers R are positioned in the vertical
trackway sections 1, and the door panels P are in a common vertical
plane. In the open position of the door, the rollers R are
positioned in the horizontal trackway sections 2, and the door
panels P are in a common horizontal plane. As the door travels
between its open and closed positions, the rollers R travel over
the curved trackway sections 3 and adjoining panels P must pivot
about axis A--A relative to each other as they move between their
vertically closed and horizontally open positions. The panel door
thus far described and its manner of operation are
conventional.
In accordance with the principles of this invention, adjoining
panels P are connected by hinges H (FIGS. 1, 3) for pivotal
movement relative to each other on axis A--A (FIGS. 1, 3, 4) as the
guide rollers R, which form part of such hinges in a manner to be
described, travel over the curved trackway sections 3. In addition
to providing for pivotal movement of adjoining panels P, the hinges
H operate to hold such panels P with their adjacent edges 4 (FIGS.
1, 5, 7) spaced apart relative to each other and defining an
elongated opening or space 5 (FIG. 1) therebetween. The space 5
between each adjoining pair of panels P is covered by the U-shaped
metal strip S (FIGS. 1-3, 5-9) of this invention, which in a manner
to be described, forms part of the hinge H joining such panels P. A
portion of one of the strips S in FIG. 1 has been broken away to
show the edges 4 of adjoining panels P and one of the spaces 5
therebetween. The panels P, incidentally, may be solid, that is
fabricated from wood, molded fiber, or other solid materials, as
illustrated diagrammatically in FIGS. 1-5, or they may be
fabricated from sheet metal, either steel or aluminum, as shown in
FIGS. 6-12.
Each of the hinges H, as best shown in FIGS. 3, 5 and 6, comprises
laterally offset hinge lugs 6 and 7 on opposite ends of angles 8
(FIGS. 1-6), which preferably are U-shaped steel channels that
extend along the length of each end of the panels P. In the case of
the solid panels P shown in FIGS. 1-5, the angles or channels 8
serve to protect the ends 9 (FIGS. 3, 7) of the panels P, and, in
the case of the sheet metal panels shown in FIGS. 6-12, the
channels 8 serve to reinforce the sheet metal panels P against
bending. The hinge lugs 6 and 7 are provided with aligned openings
10 (FIGS. 5, 6) in which a stub shaft 11 (FIGS. 3-5) is received
and held by lock-washers and retaining rings 12 (FIGS. 3, 4) and 13
(FIG. 3). The guide rollers R are rotatably supported by bearings
(not shown) on the outer ends of the stub shafts 11. If desired,
the stub shafts 11 may be mounted in the openings 10 by a neoprene
sleeve 14 (FIG. 6) which is inserted through the openings 10 in the
hinge lugs 6 and 7 before insertion of the stub shafts 11 therein.
When assembled in this manner, the shafts 11 function as pivot pins
about which the hinge lugs 6 and 7 may pivot about axis A--A (FIGS.
1, 3, 4) when the guide rollers R extending therethrough travel
over the curved sections 3 of the guide trackways T upon movement
of the door between its opened and closed position.
The cover or hinge strips S are, as indicated above, U-shaped in
transverse section, and are fabricated from relatively light-gage,
low-carbon spring steel. Each of the strips S, when mounted in
position on a door as shown in the drawings, has a web 15 (FIGS.
1-3, 5-9) which forms a portion of the outer surface 16 of the
door, as shown in FIG. 5, and extends transversely with respect to
the axis of the pivot pins 11. The side flanges 17 (FIGS. 1-3, 5,
7, 9) of each strip S are positioned on opposite sides of the axis
of the pivot pins 11 and are spaced equal distances therefrom. Such
flanges 17, moreover, extend inwardly from the outer surface 16 of
the door, which is formed by the web 15, and have out-turned lips
18 (FIGS. 1, 3, 5-7) which are secured to the inner surface 19 of
each of the panels P along the entire length of the edges 4 as best
shown in FIG. 1. The flange lips 18 are secured to the panels P in
any convenient manner, as by fastening screws not shown in the case
of solid panels P, or by welding or crimping when such panels are
fabricated from sheet metal. When mounted in this manner, it will
be apparent that each of the strips S completely covers the space 5
between adjacent edges 4 of adjoining panels P, and it will also be
noted that the flanges 17 will be sprung inwardly toward the axis
of the pivot pins 11 when adjoining panels pivot relative to each
other during movement between vertical and horizontal positions as
best shown in FIG. 2 of the drawings. Due to the symmetric
arrangement of the cover strips S with respect to the axis A--A of
the pivot pins 11, attention is particularly directed to the fact
that the strips S in effect serve two additional functions.
Initially, it will be noted that the strips S serve to maintain the
spacing of the panel edges 4 relative to each other and, secondly,
form an essential part of the hinges H during pivotal movement of
the panels P relative to each other.
ALTERNATIVE EMBODIMENTS
Although solid panels P constructed from wood or molded fiber board
may be used as shown in FIGS. 1-5 and as explained above, the
panels P are preferably fabricated from sheet metal, and, more
specifically, from sheet steel, as shown in FIGS. 6 et seq. of the
drawings. With reference first to FIG. 6, the panels P are
fabricated from rectangularly corrugated steel sheets, and each has
a reinforcing strip 8 secured to opposite ends thereof. Opposite
longitudinal edges 4 of each of the panels P are formed with a
flange 20 (FIG. 6), which is secured along its length, as by
welding or other suitable connection, to one of the edge flanges 18
of a hinge strip S. The end channels 8 and the rectangular
corrugations 21 (FIG. 6) in the panels P render such panels P rigid
and prevent their bending during movement of the door between its
opened and closed positions. The hinge lugs 6 and 7 are pivoted
together about axis A--A by the roller stub shafts 11, either with
or without the neoprene sleeve 14, as explained above in connection
with the showing of FIG. 3. A door constructed and assembled as
shown in FIG. 6 will operate in the same manner as one having solid
panels P as described above in connection with the showings of
FIGS. 1-5.
FIGS. 7-9 illustrate an additional modification of a panel door
having panels P that are fabricated from sheet steel. Each of the
panels P in this showing has a flat center portion 22 (FIGS. 7-9)
of planar shape with box-shaped flanges 23 formed along opposite
edges 4 of each panel. Each of the box-shaped flanges 23 is shaped
to provide a web 25 (FIGS. 7-9) that is parallel to the center
portion 22, and has flanges 26 and 27 (FIGS. 7-9) extending
inwardly therefrom, the inner end of each flange 26 being
integrally connected along a line 28 with one edge of a center
portion 22. The flange 27 extends inwardly to a point beyond the
plane of the center portion 22 and each has an in-turned lip 29
(FIGS. 7-9) for connection with a flange 18 along one edge of a
hinge strip S. In this manner, the box-shaped flanges 23, with
reference to the flanges 27 and the provision of the lips 29
provide a recess 30 in which opposite ends 31 of an insulating
panel 32 are received and held as best shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. A
door using the panels shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is completed by
applying end strips 8 (not shown) along the length of each of the
ends 9 of the panels P, and hinge connections therebetween for
pivotal movement relative to each other about an axis extending
centrally of the hinge strips S as explained above.
The enlarged showings of FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate the manner in
which the hinge strips S flex or bend about the axis A--A of the
pivot pins 11 upon pivotal movement of adjoining panels P relative
to each other as their respective guide rollers R move over the
curved sections 3 of the guide trackways T. In FIG. 9, the relative
axial position of one of the stub shafts 11 has been indicated in
broken lines and, with reference to this showing, it will be
apparent that the web 15 and the side flanges 17 of each strip S
have a uniform curvature about the axis A--A of the stub shafts 11.
Attention is particularly directed to the fact that the inner ends
33 (FIGS. 8, 9) of each flange 17 have moved toward each other
during pivotal movement of the adjoining panels P out of a common
planar, either vertical or horizontal, position, and that as a
consequence the web 15 of the hinge strip S has moved closer to the
axis of the stub shaft 11. This flexing movement of the hinge strip
flanges 17 and the web 15 results in their uniform curvature, as
indicated above, about the axis A--A of the stub shaft 11, and thus
distributes the bending stress due to pivotal movement of the
panels P uniformly over the metal in the web 15 and the flanges 17.
As a consequence, there is no concentration of bending stresses at
the points 33, or the corners 34, where the flanges 17 join with
the web 15, and there is thus no point at which such bending stress
is concentrated in a manner which would otherwise result in early
fatigue and breakage of the metal in the hinge strip S.
In the constructions described above, the hinge strips S are
fabricated separately and are subsequently connected to the panels
P along the lengths of the opposite edges 4 of the panels P. The
hinge strips S, however, may be fabricated as an integral part of
each panel P as shown, for example, in FIGS. 10 and 11 of the
drawings. With reference to these figures, each of the panels P
comprises a flat sheet metal center portion 35 which has inwardly
extending flanges 36 and 37 extending longitudinally along opposite
edges thereof. The flange 36 has an in-turned strap or flange 38
(FIGS. 10, 11) at its outer end, and a similar strap or flange 39
(FIGS. 10, 11) extends in an opposite direction from the other
flange 37, the flanges 38 and 39 lying in a common plane spaced
inwardly from and parallel to the plane of the central portion 35.
The flange 39 is integrally connected with the flange 17 of a hinge
strip S which has a second flange 17, and a connecting web 15
between the flanges 17 as described above. The flange 17 to the
left as viewed in FIG. 11 has an out-turned strap or flange 40 for
connection to an adjacent panel P in a manner to be described. As
shown in the drawing, the strap 40 is secured to the in-turned lip
38 on the flange 36 of an adjoining panel P. Channels 8 are applied
to opposite ends of the panels P as described above and have hinge
lugs 6 and 7 on opposite ends thereof as described above. At
opposite ends, the flange 40 has portions removed to provide
notches 41 for the reception of the ends 42 of the flanges 43 at
one side of the channels 8. Both ends 44 of the flanges 45 at the
opposite side of the channels 8 extend beyond the ends 42 of the
flanges 43 for engagement with the web 15 of the strip S to limit
pivotal movement of the panels P relative to each other. The
channels 8 are secured to the panels P in positions such that the
openings 10 in the overlapping hinge lugs 6 and 7 are aligned for
the reception of stub shafts 11, which extend centrally of the
space between the flanges 17 of the hinge strips S as described
above. Although the hinge strip S is integrally connected with one
of the panels P in this showing, it flexes and bends about the axis
of the stub shafts 11 to provide for pivotal movement of the panels
P in the same manner as the separate hinge strips S which are
attached to the panels P in the other modifications described
above.
If desired, a door may be constructed with two panels P integrally
connected by a hinge strip S as shown in FIG. 12 of the drawings.
This construction eliminates the need for a flange or strip 40 and
a connection between it and the flange 38 as shown at the left of
the modification illustrated in FIG. 11. Otherwise, the
construction of the two panels P shown in FIG. 12 is essentially
the same as that shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. To facilitate an
understanding of the panel construction shown in FIG. 12, the
positions of the stub shaft pivot pins 11 have been shown in dotted
lines. Otherwise, the same numerals have been used in FIG. 12 to
designate the parts thereof that are similar to those shown in
FIGS. 10 and 11. For a double panel construction as shown in FIG.
12, the outer edge 4 of one panel P is provided with a flange 46
for attachment to a flange 47 along the edge of an adjacent panel.
From the showing in FIG. 12, attention is particularly directed to
the fact that the invention can be used to provide a door in which
all of the panels P, and the hinge strips S between adjoining
panels P, are fabricated from a single strip of sheet steel.
While several embodiments of my invention have been shown and
described, it will be apparent that other modifications and
adaptations of the invention may be made without departing from the
scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *