U.S. patent number 3,645,163 [Application Number 04/866,190] was granted by the patent office on 1972-02-29 for expanding nail.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Futuristic Building Products Inc.. Invention is credited to Henry L. Byland.
United States Patent |
3,645,163 |
Byland |
February 29, 1972 |
EXPANDING NAIL
Abstract
An expanding nail which is split longitudinally from the tip end
thereof to form two shank halves which squeeze together when the
nail is driven through a member and expand to anchor the nail to
the member. In a preferred embodiment, the shank halves have inner
faces which slant inwardly from the tip end to bases of the shank
halves to provide sufficient thickness of material in the shank at
the bases of the shank halves to withstand flexure. The tips of the
shank halves have outwardly slanting surfaces which act to squeeze
the tip together when the nail is driven, and the shank halves have
barbs spaced along the length thereof to receive material between
the barbs so that the barbs catch on the material and hold the nail
firmly in place. The nail is particularly suitable for attaching
wallboard such as gypsum board to metal studs in building
construction.
Inventors: |
Byland; Henry L. (Lighthouse
Point, FL) |
Assignee: |
Futuristic Building Products
Inc. (Northbrook, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
25347106 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/866,190 |
Filed: |
October 14, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
411/448; 411/921;
411/456 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F16B
15/04 (20130101); Y10S 411/921 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F16B
15/00 (20060101); F16B 15/04 (20060101); F16b
015/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;85/5,8.3,13,21,23,26,30,31,80 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29,857 |
|
Dec 1909 |
|
GB |
|
301,713 |
|
Dec 1928 |
|
GB |
|
299,448 |
|
Aug 1954 |
|
CH |
|
449,332 |
|
Apr 1968 |
|
CH |
|
Primary Examiner: Parsons, Jr.; Marion
Claims
Having thus described my invention, I claim:
1. A nail especially suitable for securing a relatively easily
penetrable member such as wallboard to a relatively harder sheet
metal support such as a stud, comprising:
a shank having relatively flat sides and opposite narrow edges,
with a member-retaining head at one end of the shank and a sharp
penetrating point at the extremity of an opposite end portion of
the shank and of a hardness adapted to be readily driven into an
imperforate sheet metal support to pierce a hole therein for the
nail shank;
nail-anchoring barbs along an edge of the shank adapted to
interlock with an edge defining the nail-pierced hole;
said shank edge and barbs being on a portion of the shank partially
longitudinally separated and normally spread a limited distance
from an adjacent portion of the shank and said portions being
resiliently deflectable relative to one another to facilitate
piercing of the sheet metal support during driving of the nail,
followed by resilient biasing of the barbed portion toward said
shank edge to assure thorough interlocking of a barb with the hole
edge;
slanting cam surfaces on said opposite end portion leading from
said narrow edges to said point; and
slanting lead-in surfaces on said opposite end portion leading from
said flat sides to said point.
2. A nail according to claim 1, said shank portions comprising
shank halves separated by a slot extending from a solid portion of
the shank adjacent to said head to and through said tip, and the
halves being movable toward one another during driving of the nail
to provide a substantially single point toward which said cam and
lead-in surfaces taper to facilitate piercing of the sheet metal
support.
3. A nail according to claim 1, in combination with the penetrable
member lying against a sheet metal support such as a stud, the nail
being driven into the member and support to an extent wherein
engagement of the barb with the hole edge holds the head
countersunk within an outer face surface of the member.
4. A nail especially suitable for securing a relatively easily
penetrable member such as wallboard to a relatively harder sheet
metal support such as a stud, comprising:
a shank having relatively flat sides and opposite narrow edges,
with a member-retaining head at one end of the shank and a sharp
penetrating point at the extremity of an opposite end portion of
the shank and of a hardness adapted to be readily driven into an
imperforate sheet metal support to pierce a hole therein for the
nail shank;
nail-anchoring barbs along an edge of the shank adapted to
interlock with an edge defining the nail-pierced hole;
said shank edge and barbs being on a portion of the shank partially
longitudinally separated and normally spread a limited distance
from an adjacent portion of the shank and said portions being
resiliently deflectable relative to one another to facilitate
piercing of the sheet metal support during driving of the nail,
followed by resilient biasing of the barbed portion toward said
shank edge to assure thorough interlocking of a barb with the hole
edge;
slanting cam surfaces on said opposite end portion leading from
said narrow edges to said point;
slanting lead-in surfaces on said opposite end portion leading from
said flat sides to said point; and
a tapered neck of substantial length connecting said shank with
said head and joining the head adjacent to its rim.
5. A nail according to claim 4, in which said head has a circular
perimeter defined by said rim and said neck is frustoconical.
6. A nail according to claim 4, wherein said head is flat-sided in
alignment with said relatively flat sides of the shank.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In building construction at the present time, it is becoming more
and more common to use metal studs in the shape of channels in
place of solid wooden studs, particularly in building interior
walls in buildings. Screws or rivets are sometimes used to attach
wallboard to the metal studs. The wallboard is usually a drywall
known as gypsum board. It is believed that economies and a
reduction in the time required to construct such walls could be
achieved if automatic nailing equipment could be employed to attach
wallboard to metal studs. Ordinary nails will not lock the
wallboard to a metal stud, so a suitable type of self-clinching or
self-fastening nail would be desirable.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a nail which
can be driven through wallboard and a metal stud, and which will
automatically anchor itself to the stud to hold the wallboard
firmly in place.
Another object of the invention is to provide a nail with an
expandable shank having barbs spaced along the length thereof in a
manner to receive an edge of the stud through which the nail is
driven between the barbs so that the barbs will catch on the stud
edge and lock the nail in place.
Another object of the invention is to provide a nail with a split
shank having tips which automatically squeeze together when the
nail is driven to permit the nail to pass relatively easily through
members such as wallboard and a metal stud.
A further object of the invention is to provide a nail with a split
shank constructed such that the shank halves can squeeze together
and spread apart without breaking the shank halves at their
bases.
A further object of the invention is to provide an expanding nail
with barbs on shank halves of the nail which barbs can pass
relatively easily through material into which the nail is driven
but which prevent the nail from being withdrawn from the material,
thus allowing the nail to be driven through two members to fasten
the members together and anchor the nail in place.
Other objects of this invention will appear from the following
description and appended claims, reference being had to the
accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification wherein
like reference characters designate corresponding parts in the
several views.
On the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an elevational view of an expanding nail in accordance
with one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an end view of the nail of FIG. 1 looking at the tips of
the nail;
FIG. 3 is an end view of the nail looking at the head of the
nail;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary elevational view of the shank of the nail
rotated 90.degree. relative to FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a view illustrating the manner in which the tips of the
nail squeeze together as the nail is driven through wallboard and a
metal stud;
FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 5 but showing the nail in an
expanded and anchored condition after it has been driven through
the wallboard and metal stud;
FIG. 7 is an elevational view of a nail in accordance with another
embodiment of the invention, this nail having a flat shank and also
a flat head;
FIG. 8 is an end view of the nail of FIG. 7 looking at the tips of
the nail;
FIG. 9 is another end view of the nail of FIG. 7 looking at the
head of the nail; and
FIG. 10 is a plan view of the nail of FIG. 7.
Before explaining the present invention in detail, it is to be
understood that the invention is not limited in its application to
the details of construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in
the accompanying drawings, since the invention is capable of other
embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various ways.
Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology
employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of
limitation.
Referring first to FIGS. 1 through 4, the nail 10 has a round,
flat-topped head 12 with a curved rim 14 and a tapering neck 16
which is generally conical. The nail also has a shank generally
designated 18, and the shank includes a continuous base portion 20
and two shank halves 22 and 24. The shank halves 22 and 24 have
inner surfaces 26 and 28 which face each other across a recess 30,
and the surfaces 26 and 28 extend from the tips 32 and 34 of the
nail to base portions 36 and 38 of the shank halves located where
the shank halves merge into the continuous base 20.
The purpose of the recess 30 is to allow the shank halves 22 and 24
to squeeze together, particularly at the tips 32 and 34, when the
nail is driven through members such as wallboard and a metal stud.
This means that the shank halves 22 and 24 must flex inwardly as
the tip portions squeeze together and flex outwardly when the nail
expands after it is driven through the members. This flexing of the
shank halves imposes a strain on the base portions 36 and 38 which
can cause the base portions to break if the material is too weak at
this point. For this reason, it has been found to be very desirable
to make the base portions 36 and 38 relatively thick to provide
sufficient material and strength to withstand flexure. Therefore,
the inner surfaces 26 and 28 of the shank halves are made to slant
inwardly toward each other from the tips 32 and 34 to the base
portions 36 and 38, thus defining a tapering recess which leaves
sufficient thickness of material in the base portions 36 and 38 to
withstand flexing. It can be seen that the recess 30 has been made
very narrow at its inner end 40 so as to maximize the thickness of
the material at 36 and 38.
The tips 32 and 34 of the shank halves have surfaces 42 and 44
leading from the relatively narrow edges of the shank and which are
rounded and which taper or flare outwardly from the tips toward the
head of the nail. These flared surfaces 42 and 44 act as cams
against which the material into which the nail is driven thrusts to
press the tips 32 and 34 together when the nail is driven through
material, as will be described further. Tip 34 has lead-in side
surfaces 46 and 48, and tip 32 also has lead-in side surfaces 50
and 52, and these lead-in side surfaces all lead from the
respective opposite side surfaces of the shank and taper outwardly
to form sharp points at the tips of the shank halves.
The shank halves 22 and 24 also have barbs 54 and 56 spaced along
the length thereof, and these barbs serve to anchor the nail to
material through which it is driven, as will be described further.
The barbs 54 and 56 are spaced apart a substantial distance, and it
may be noted that in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 through
4 there are longitudinal surfaces 58 and 60 at the roots of the
barbs which separate the barbs from each other. The spacing of the
barbs is sufficient to permit the edge of a steel stud to enter
between any given pair of barbs after the nail has been driven
through the stud so that the shank halves can expand outwardly and
catch the edge of the stud between the barbs so that the nail
cannot be easily withdrawn from the stud. It may also be seen in
FIG. 1 that the barbs 54 and 56 have slanting surfaces which face
the tips of the nail, and level surfaces which face the head of the
nail. The slanting surfaces such as 62 allow the nail to pass
through material through which it is driven relatively easily, and
the level surfaces such as 64 cause the barbs to catch on the
material so that it cannot be withdrawn easily. The angle of the
slanting surfaces 62 preferably is in the range from
30.degree.-60.degree. , an angle of 45.degree. being shown.
The barbs 54 and 56 shown in FIg. 1 may be machined from a
cylindrical shank, and the recess 30 may also be machined if
desired. However, the barbs may be formed by other techniques such
as cold heading if desired. In the nail as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4
the opposite side surfaces 66 and 68 at the lateral extremes of the
recess 30 are formed flat, thus leaving shoulders at 70 and 72 in
FIG. 4.
FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate the manner in which the nail 10 may be
driven through wallboard 74 (gypsum board) and a section 76 of a
steel stud to anchor the wallboard to the stud. Stud section 76 may
for example be 0.02-inch-thick steel which is relatively soft so
that the nail can penetrate it. FIG. 5 shows the nail 10 as it is
just entering the wallboard 74. It may be seen that the slanting
surfaces 42 and 44 at the tips of the nail cause the tips to
squeeze together forming a single point which allows the nail to
pass easily through the members 74 and 76. As previously mentioned,
the slanting surfaces 62 on the barbs 54 and 56 allow the barbs to
pass easily through the members 74 and 76. FIG. 6 shows the nail 10
after the shank has passed through the wallboard 74 and the steel
stud 76. The tip of the nail has pierced the steel stud 76, thus
forming an opening with an edge which presses against the shank
halves of the nail. The shank halves tend to expand or spread
outwardly, or at least press outwardly if not actually expanding,
so as to urge the shank halves against the edge 80 of the stud 76.
The edge 80 enters in between two sets of barbs 54 and 56 so that
the flat surfaces 64 on these barbs catch on the edge 80. This
makes it very difficult to withdraw the nail 12 from members 74 and
76, and effectively anchors the wallboard 74 to the stud 76. The
nail head 12 may be driven in to the point where it is flush with
the top surface of the wallboard 74 or even recessed slightly
without breaking the surface material of the wallboard.
The barbs 54 and 56 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 have curved edges,
but it will be understood that the barbs are not restricted to this
particular configuration. For example, they could be pointed if
desired. In any event, it is believed to be desirable to have the
slanting surfaces 62 and level surfaces 64 on the barbs. Surfaces
64 could slant in the same direction as surfaces 62 but at a
different angle.
FIGS. 7 through 10 show another embodiment of the nail, and since
it is very similar to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 through 4, the same
reference numerals have been used for like parts. The main
difference of the nail of FIGS. 7-10 as compared to that of FIGS.
1-4 is that in the nail of FIGS. 7-10 both the shank and the head
are flat. This allows the nails to be stacked very closely
together, for example in an automatic nailing apparatus, to
conserve space in the apparatus. The nail of FIGS. 7 through 10 has
the same tapered shank halves 22 and 24 with sharp point tips 32
and 34, a tapered recess 30 defined by inner surfaces 26 and 28 on
the shank halves, tapered surfaces 42 and 44 flaring outwardly from
the tips 32 and 34, and base portions 36 and 38 which merge into
the continuous base 20 of the nail. The barbs 54 and 56 have
slanting surfaces 62 and level surfaces 64 like those in the
embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 4. As previously mentioned, the only
significant difference is that the entire nail of FIGS. 7 through
10 is formed flat as by stamping, so it is conceptually very
similar to cutting a section out of the middle of the nail of FIGS.
1 to 4.
It is apparent from the foregoing description that the invention
provides a self-fastening nail which anchors itself to the material
through which it is driven. The nail is particularly suitable for
use in attaching wallboard to metal stud members in constructing
buildings of various types, and the nail will anchor wallboard to a
metal stud member very firmly. The split shank halves of the nail
squeeze together as the nail is being driven to permit the nail to
pass relatively easily through the material, and the shank halves
are self-biased outwardly and have barbs which catch on the
material, particularly a metal stud member, after the nail has been
driven into that material.
* * * * *