U.S. patent number 3,643,665 [Application Number 04/813,491] was granted by the patent office on 1972-02-22 for therapeutic pack for thermal applications.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Kay Laboratories, Inc.. Invention is credited to James C. Caillouette.
United States Patent |
3,643,665 |
Caillouette |
February 22, 1972 |
THERAPEUTIC PACK FOR THERMAL APPLICATIONS
Abstract
A therapeutic pack containing chemicals to produce a
temperature-changing chemical reaction, e.g. endothermic or
exothermic. The chemical components for the reaction are held
spaced apart within a bag by a fracturable means, e.g. a diaphragm.
The bag incorporates an insulation cover, e.g. minutely expanded
polystyrene paper and aluminum foil, various portions of which may
be selectively removed to provide an effective heat-transfer path
of a predetermined size, to accomplish the desired therapeutic
treatment.
Inventors: |
Caillouette; James C.
(Pasadena, CA) |
Assignee: |
Kay Laboratories, Inc. (San
Diego, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
25212539 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/813,491 |
Filed: |
April 4, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
607/114;
206/219 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24V
30/00 (20180501); A61F 7/03 (20130101); A61F
2007/0255 (20130101); A61F 2007/0276 (20130101); A61F
2007/0257 (20130101); A61F 2007/0253 (20130101); A61F
2007/0028 (20130101); A61F 7/106 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61f 007/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/399-403,254,258 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Trapp; L. W.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A therapeutic pack for thermal heat treatment, including:
a containing bag of flexible material, the bag including at least a
pair of layers one of which is reflective to heat along at least
particular portions of the bag,
chemical means within the bag including components for producing a
thermal reaction, at least a particular one of the components being
mobile for mixture with other components to provide a thermal
reaction between the components, and
fracturable means disposed within the bag for defining at least a
pair of compartments for holding the particular component in one
compartment and other components in the other compartment, the
fracturable means being fracturable upon the exertion of pressure
against the bag to provide for a mixture of the mobile component
with other components, the reflective layer being removable from
the other layer of the bag at a selected position on the bag to
provide for a concentration of the thermal treatment at the
selected position.
2. A therapeutic pack for thermal heat treatment, including,
a containing bag of flexible material, the bag including along
particular portions of the bag at least three layers respectively
constituting an external layer, an intermediate layer and an inner
layer, the intermediate layer being heat reflective and the inner
layer being imperforate,
chemical means within the bag including at least a pair of
components for producing a thermal reaction, one of the components
being mobile to provide a mixing with the other component and to
provide the thermal reaction in accordance with such mixing,
and
boundary means disposed relative to the bag to define within the
bag two isolated compartments one for holding the mobile component
and the other for holding the other component, the boundary means
being responsive to the exertion of a force to become fractured for
the movement of the mobile component into mixed relationship with
the other component, the external layer and the reflective layer
being removable from the inner layer at a selected portion of the
bag to provide for a concentration of the thermal heat treatment at
such selected portion.
3. A pack for thermal heat treatment, including,
a first sealed container formed from at least a pair of layers
along at least a portion of the container, at least one of the
layers being heat reflective,
a first chemical disposed within the container,
a compartment sealed relative to the container and having a
fracturable surface facing the first chemical in the container,
and
a second chemical disposed within the second container and having
properties of mixing with the first chemical upon a fracture of the
compartment and of reacting chemically with the first chemical to
provide a thermal reaction, at least a selected portion of the heat
reflective layer being removable from the container to provide for
a concentration of the thermal heat treatment at such selected
portion.
4. A pack for thermal heat treatment, including,
a first sealed container formed from at least a pair of layers
along at least a portion of the container, at least one of the
layers being heat reflective,
a first chemical disposed within the container,
a compartment sealed relative to the container and having a
fracturable surface facing the first chemical in the container,
and
a second chemical disposed within the second container and having
properties of mixing with the first chemical upon a fracture of the
compartment and of reacting chemically with the first chemical to
provide a thermal reaction, the first sealed container has an
external layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer and
wherein the external layer is made from a material having a
relatively low heat conductivity, the intermediate layer is heat
reflective and the inner layer is imperforate, the external layer
and the intermediate layer being adhered to the inner layer but are
removable from the inner layer at a selected position to provide
for a concentration of the thermal heat treatment at the selected
position.
5. The therapeutic pack set forth in claim 2 wherein
the intermediate layer is made from a metallic foil.
6. The therapeutic pack set forth in claim 2 wherein
the external layer is made from a material having a relatively low
heat conductivity.
7. The pack set forth in claim 4 wherein
the intermediate layer is made from a metallic foil.
8. The therapeutic pack set forth in claim 1 wherein
the reflective layer is made from a metal foil.
Description
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is well known that coldpacks are effective to avoid the usual
swelling that accompanies many human injuries. Such an application
also helps to relieve the pain to some extent. Somewhat similarly,
in the treatment of various other maladies, hotpacks also have
therapeutic value.
Although various forms of thermal therapeutic packs have been
proposed in the past, certain disadvantages have generally been
attendant each form. For example, icepacks normally necessitate the
use of padding to cushion the ice on its application to painfully
sensitive tissue. Additionally, in some environments, it is
difficult to preserve crushed ice available for use in a coldpack.
Other forms of traditional packs, e.g., towels that have been
heated or chilled, are frequently difficult to obtain and are
effective, at best, for only a brief interval.
Somewhat recently, chemical therapeutic packs have been proposed
which accomplish elevated or reduced temperatures by endothermic or
exothermic chemical reaction. For example, it has been proposed to
contain the components for such a reaction within a plastic bag
separated from each other by an imperforate membrane. Then by
providing one of the components in a somewhat fluid state (liquid
or semiliquid) that component may be pressurized sufficiently to
burst the separating membrane simply by manually squeezing the bag.
As a consequence, the components of the thermal reaction become
intimate and accomplish the desired temperature change providing a
convenient therapeutic pack.
Although chemical therapeutic packs have proven to be somewhat
useful, certain disadvantages have restricted the extent of their
use. Such packs have been proposed which attain temperatures that
are sufficiently low or high however, the period during which they
are effective is very short. That is, although chemical therapeutic
packs as previously proposed are convenient they have such a
limited period of effective application that their use has been
quite restricted. Consequently, a considerable need exists for an
improved therapeutic thermal pack which may be conveniently and
easily transported and stored, and which may be prepared for use in
a matter of seconds to provide cold or heat to a specific body
location for an effective interval of time.
In general, the present invention comprises a chemical therapeutic
pack incorporating a bag which not only contains the components for
a chemical reaction but additionally control the pattern of heat
flow to effectively increase the useful period of the thermal pack.
Packs incorporating the present invention may afford considerable
selectively in the shape and size of the body area which is to be
treated, accomplished by selective removal of defined portions of
an insulating layer.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
In the drawings, which constitute a part of this specification,
exemplary embodiments exhibiting various objectives and features
hereof are set forth, specifically:
FIG. 1 is a trimetric view of a therapeutic pack incorporating the
principles of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken through the pack of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a fragment of the structure
of FIG. 2; and
FIG. 4 is a bottom plan view of the pack of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENT
Referring initially to FIG. 1, there is shown a pack P constructed
in accordance with the present invention. As indicated, packs in
accordance with the present invention may be employed to apply heat
or cold to a patient, depending upon whether the pack contains the
chemical components for an endothermic or an exothermic
temperature-changing reaction. Chemical components for both types
of reaction appropriate for use in the pack P are well known in the
prior art.
The detailed structure of the pack P is best illustrated by the
sectional view of FIG. 2. An upper sheet 12 of flexible imperforate
material is edge sealed to a sheet 14 providing a closed interior
16. The interior 16 of the bag or pack is divided into two separate
compartments 18 and 20 by a fracturable diaphragm 22. The
compartment 18 contains a fluid chemical component 24 while the
compartment 20 is partly filled by a solid chemical component 26.
If, for example, the pack is to produce cold, the component 24 may
comprise water while the component 26 includes ammonium nitrate.
Alternatively, if the pack is to produce heat the component 24 may
comprise water while the component 26 comprises calcium chloride.
Of course various additives and other components may be employed as
well known in the prior art.
The fracturable diaphragm 22 is formed to resist only limited fluid
pressure by way of comparison to the sheets 12 and 14. For example,
the diaphragm may comprise a thin film of polyethylene which will
fracture on application of squeezing pressure to the liquid
component 24.
It is to be appreciated that the basic fracturable diaphragm
arrangement is well known in the prior art and that a wide variety
of other structural arrangements are well known and readily
adaptable to the present invention. Functionally, the objective
merely is to provide a division or separation between the two
chemical components 24 and 26, of the reaction, which may be
fractured by manually exerting pressure upon the liquid or
semiliquid component 24. Of course, when the diaphragm 22 is
fractured the chemical components become intimate and enter the
desired temperature-changing reaction.
The sheets 12 and 14, comprising the exterior of the pack P are
each laminates incorporating several separate layers as shown in
FIGS. 2 and 3. The outer layers 28 comprise an insulating material,
e.g., minutely expanded polystyrene, which layers are laminated to
a reflective material forming the internal layers 30, e.g.,
aluminum foil. The layers 30 are in turn backed by imperforate film
layers 32, e.g., polyethylene. This laminate may be accomplished as
well known in the prior art by the use of heat, pressure, adhesives
and so on in various combinations. However, to facilitate the use
of the structure, as set forth in detail below, it is important to
note that the bond between the center layer 30 and the internal
layer 32 is of a releasable nature.
The structure of the sheets 12 and 14 is shown in somewhat greater
detail in the grossly enlarged via of FIG. 3. Referring to that
figure the layers 28 and 30 are shown secured together by an
adhesive bond 34 which is permanent. However, the layer 30 is
secured to the layer 32 by a releasable adhesive bond 36 as widely
used in the tape arts for releasable backing sheets. As a
consequence, segments of the sheet 14 may be removed along
transverse separations 38 simply by lifting the layers 28 and 30
from the layer 32.
The transverse separations 38 (FIG. 3) are provided to define
various closed areas as shown in FIG. 4, on the underside of the
pack. Specifically, as indicated by dashed lines, areas 40, 42, 44
and 46 are defined by closed cuts of the separations 38. In this
regard, each of the areas 40, 42, 44 and 46 carries a lift tab,
specifically tabs 48, 50, 52 and 54 respectively.
In the manufacture of a product embodying the present invention as
disclosed in the figures, the individual sheets 12 and 14 may be
initially laminated in large sizes then cut to size. Specifically,
the sheet 12 simply comprises a laminate of the individual unitary
layers 28, 30 and 32, cut into a sheet of approximately 6.times.8
inches for example. The lower sheet 14 (as shown) incorporates a
unitary layer 28; however, the layers 30 and 32 as indicated above,
are served by separations 38 which define the areas 40, 42, 44 and
46. Various cutting techniques well known in the prior art may be
employed to accomplish these cuts or separations 38, with the
result that the layers 30 and 32 are either completely or
substantially severed by the separations.
With the completion of the individual sheets 12 and 14, as by
lamination and die-cutting techniques, these two sheets are first
joined together by an initial preliminary sealing operation.
Specifically, for example, the sheets may be sealed together along
three edges 58, 59 and 60 (by various techniques as heat, pressure
or adhesive methods). Thereafter, the solid component 26 (FIG. 2)
is placed in the partially closed bag and the diaphragm 22 is
sealed therein so as to provide an air space in the interior
compartment 20. Subsequently, the semiliquid or liquid component 24
is placed in the compartment 18 to substantially fill that
compartment, after which the edges 62 (FIG. 4) are sealed closed.
The unit may be provided with an additional package for protection
and in such a form may be stored for a long period of time or
transported through environments which may be relatively
extreme.
The major contemplated use for the structure as disclosed herein is
in the treatment of human maladies. For example, cold applications
to the perineum in post delivery pregnancies has been found
extremely effective. Additionally, the prompt application of cold
to various bodily injuries is a widely accepted form of treatment
that is in widespread use. Somewhat similarly, the application of
heat is also to have therapeutic value for many maladies.
Generally, the area to be thermally treated depends upon the nature
of the malady. Consequently, in some instances, it is desirable to
treat a very small area while in other instances a large area is to
be treated. Additionally, variously shaped areas must be
accommodated. In using the structure as disclosed herein, a portion
of the layers 28 and 30 is removed from one of the areas 40, 42, 44
or 46, depending upon the area to be treated. This is accomplished
simply by pulling the tab of the selected area for removal.
Of course, it is apparent that removal of the layers from the area
40 provides a long narrow exposed area, while at the other extreme,
removal of the layers from the area 46 affords a large oval area.
In any event, the area which has the exterior layers removed
provides an effective heat-transfer path through which heat may
flow either from the body or to the body, depending upon the type
of thermal pack in use. That is, the area from which the exterior
layers are removed affords a discrete heat-transfer path while
insulation is provided to block the flow of heat through the
remainder of the pack. As a consequence, the pack can be held by
hand on the area to be treated without discomfort to the holder.
However, more significantly, as the major heat-transfer path is
limited to the area to be treated, the effective period for the
pack is greatly prolonged. For example, if the pack is used to
treat a relatively small injury, it will remain effective for a
prolonged period of use.
After removing the outer layers from the selected area of the pack,
the pack is further prepared for use by squeezing it in such a
manner as to exert pressure on the semiliquid or liquid component
24, thereby causing the diaphragm 22 to burst. This operation may
be easily performed by hand so that the component 24 forces the
diaphragm 22 into the airspace provided in the compartment 20 to an
extent beyond the yield point of the diaphragm 22 so that it
fractures. Subsequently, the package may be kneaded briefly so that
the components 18 and 20 are intimately mixed during a reaction
period which as indicated above is either exothermic or
endothermic. As a consequence, the pack changes temperature
radically preparatory to a period of thermal treatment.
In the operation of kneading of the pack, as well as in its use, it
is important that the sheets 12 and 14 be relatively flexible and
compliant. Consequently, in this regard, it has been found
advisable to employ layers which can tolerate a complete fold
without fracture. Of course, metal foils and plastic films of such
flexibility are readily available. Additionally, thermal insulating
material is also available in the form of microscopically expanded
polystyrene or fabricated paper which may incorporate a binder
material as well known in the prior art.
From the above, it is apparent that the system hereof may be
utilized to provide therapeutic thermal packs which may be
conveniently and easily stored and transported and are ready for
use with slight preparation. Additionally, the packs are effective
for a significant period and may be economically manufactured.
* * * * *