U.S. patent number 3,643,463 [Application Number 05/028,488] was granted by the patent office on 1972-02-22 for passive microclimate control system.
Invention is credited to Walter Vincent Blockley, Sidney Lee Friedlander.
United States Patent |
3,643,463 |
Friedlander , et
al. |
February 22, 1972 |
PASSIVE MICROCLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEM
Abstract
A microclimate control system is disclosed for controlling the
removal of metabolic heat from a person's body. The system
comprises a self-contained refrigerant garment worn over a variable
insulation garment whose thermal conductance is controlled at will
by the wearer. The refrigerant garment comprises a plurality of
tubes attached to a network of webbing adapted to fit at least over
the upper torso of the wearer. Each tube is filled with water and
sealed at 4-inch intervals to form a string of individual water
compartments. The water-filled tubes are then frozen to provide a
refrigerant having a large thermal capacity. The insulation garment
comprises an open cell foam material sandwiched between two outer
layers of airtight material. The outer layers are sealed about the
periphery of the garment to make an airtight garment. Vacuum means
are provided to evacuate the interior of the garment and gradually
reduce the thickness of the insulation layer in order to vary the
heat conductance of the garment according to the varying metabolic
demands of the user.
Inventors: |
Friedlander; Sidney Lee
(Tarzana, CA), Blockley; Walter Vincent (Malibu, CA) |
Family
ID: |
21843720 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/028,488 |
Filed: |
April 14, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
62/259.3; 62/293;
165/46; 2/81; 62/530 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61F
7/10 (20130101); A41D 13/0055 (20130101); A61F
2007/0268 (20130101); A61F 2007/0233 (20130101); A61F
2007/0001 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A41D
13/005 (20060101); A61F 7/00 (20060101); A61F
7/10 (20060101); F25d 023/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;62/530,293,259 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wye; William J.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A microclimate control system comprising:
cooling garment means for absorbing the metabolic heat of the
wearer; and
garment means to be worn under said cooling garment means for
thermally insulating the wearer from said cooling garment means,
said garment means further having means for varying the thermal
conductance of said insulating means.
2. The invention of claim 1 wherein the means for varying the
thermal conductance of said insulating means includes means for
varying the thickness of said insulating means.
3. The invention of claim 1 wherein said cooling garment means
includes self-contained refrigerant means for absorbing the
metabolic heat of the wearer.
4. The invention of claim 2 wherein said self-contained refrigerant
means comprises individual water-filled compartments that are
adapted to be frozen.
5. The invention of claim 4 wherein each of said individual
compartments communicates with an adjacent compartment.
6. The invention of claim 4 wherein said water-filled compartments
are formed from a plurality of tubes, each tube being sealed at
longitudinal intervals to form said compartments.
7. The invention of claim 4 wherein said compartments are formed by
sealing together two flat sheets of plastic or rubber material in a
gridlike pattern.
8. The invention of claim 3 wherein said tubes are of a rubberlike
material.
9. The invention of claim 3 wherein said tubes are of a flexible
plastic material.
10. The invention of claim 3 wherein said tubes are secured to a
network of webbing or fabric material.
11. The invention of claim 2 wherein said insulating means
comprises a layer of resilient material sandwiched between a pair
of outer layers of impermeable material.
12. The invention of claim 11 wherein said means for varying the
thickness of said insulating means comprises means for evacuating
the interior of said insulating means.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to microclimate control systems, and
more particularly to garments having means for dissipating the
metabolic heat of a person exposed to extreme environmental
conditions.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Many types of garments have been proposed for controlling the
microenvironment of the human body. Most of these garments involve
the circulation of a fluid through a system of containers and
tubes. In many cases such a system includes a network of plumbing
supplying fluid at a desired temperature from an external source.
In some systems the recirculating fluid is fed by external pump
means to an outside heat exchanger. Some systems have also been
designed in which the pump means and heat exchangers are portably
carried on the user's back.
The advantage of recirculating fluid systems is that the rate of
circulation of the fluid and its temperature can be adjusted to
accommodate the varying metabolic demands of the user.
Obvious disadvantages of the fluid recirculating systems are that
the systems are quite complex, very expensive to manufacture, and
highly immobile. Even the units that are portably carried are very
cumbersome and impractical under extreme working conditions.
Other garments in the form of jackets or vests have been developed
which utilize self-contained cooling means. A typical jacket
includes a layer of insulating material, such as foam, disposed
adjacent to the user's body. Attached to the layers of foam are
pockets containing a refrigerant, preferably solid carbon
dioxide.
The obvious advantage of the vest is that it provides a
self-contained system, independent of the need for plumbing or
umbilical cords which must be connected to a fluid source.
The main disadvantage of this approach is the absence of control
capability, for the fluid can not be maintained at a constant
temperature nor varied to suit the varying metabolic demands of the
body. Moreover a disadvantage of the foam insulation is its lack of
response to varying thermal conditions. If the refrigerant is very
cold, the insulation may not be sufficient to prevent
over-chilling. Moreover, if the refrigerant begins to warm up, the
insulation may be too thick, which would substantially reduce the
effectiveness of the refrigeration.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention obviates the obvious above-mentioned
shortcomings by providing a passive cooling system that has all of
the advantages of a self-contained unit while still having accurate
microclimate control capabilities.
The system comprises a cooling garment having a plurality of
compartments mounted thereon containing a stored refrigerant, and a
variable insulation garment whose thermal conductance is controlled
at will by the wearer. The cooling garment comprises a plurality of
tubes attached to a network of webbing adapted to fit at least over
the upper torso of the wearer. Each tube is filled with water and
sealed in 4-inch intervals along the tube to form a string of
individual water compartments. The water filled tubes are then
frozen to provide a refrigerant having a large thermal capacity.
The tubes may be either permanently secured to the webbing or
removably attached thereto with the entire garment adapted to be
worn over the insulated garment. The compartments may also be
formed by sealing together two flat sheets of plastic or rubber
material in a gridlike pattern which are later filled with
water.
The insulation garment is also patterned to cover at least the
upper torso of the wearer, and comprises a layer of open cellular
material, such as polyurethane foam, sandwiched between two outer
layers of an airtight material, such as vinyl or other plastic
sheeting. The outer layers are sealed around the periphery of the
garment to make the whole assembly airtight. Vacuum means,
preferably in the form of a hand pump, is also provided to evacuate
the interior of the garment. As a result the thickness of the
insulation layer is progressively reduced to increase the
conductance of the garment to meet varying metabolic demands of the
user.
A principal object of the invention is to provide a microclimate
control system which is completely self-contained, and easily
adjustable at the will of the user.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a personal
microclimate control system that is simple in construction and
suitably designed for low-cost mass production.
The features of the present invention which are believed to be
novel are set forth with particularity in the appended claims.
The present invention, both as to its organization and manner of
operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof,
may best be understood by reference to the following description,
taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the variable insulation garment of
the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view of the insulation layer at
its normal operating thickness;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view of the insulation layer in a
partially evacuated state;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the stored refrigerant garment of
the present invention; and
FIG. 5 is a top elevational view of the stored refrigerant
garment.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows a variable insulation
garment, generally indicated by arrow 10, which is patterned to be
worn about the upper torso of the wearer with leg portions 11
extending downwardly to the knees. In its preferred configuration
the leg portions 11 of the insulation garment 10 are integrally
formed to be stepped into while the upper torso portion consists of
front and back flaps 15 and 17 which are adapted to be tied
together at the shoulders and sides by laces 19 or other suitable
attaching means.
As more clearly shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the variable insulation
garment 10 is made of a layer of cellular material 21 sandwiched
between two outer layers of an impermeable material 23. In the
preferred form, the materials used for the two outer layers are
sheets of vinyl, or other plastic material, whereas lightweight
polyurethane foam, approximately three-eighth inch thick, is used
for the inner layer. Other materials such as neoprene or other
types of rubber or plastic material can be used for the outer layer
while other types of soft open cell foam can be used for the inner
layer. The outer layers 23 are dielectrically sealed around the
periphery of the garment at the seams to make the entire assembly
airtight.
A hand held vacuum pump 25 is provided for evacuating the air from
within the variable insulation garment 10. The hand held pump 25 is
typically in the form of a squeeze bulb which communicates through
tubing 27 to the interior of the garment 10. The connection between
the tubing 27 and the outer layer 23 is also made airtight by
glueing or heat sealing techniques.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a cooling garment, generally indicated
by 30, is adapted to be worn over the variable insulation garment
10. The cooling garment 30 comprises a network of webbing 31
patterned similar to the variable insulation garment 10 having a
plurality of tubes 33 attached thereto. The upper portions of the
tubes 33 are removably attached to a reinforced shoulder section 35
by snaps 37 or they may be permanently secured thereto. In a like
manner, the lower end of the tubes 33 are removably attached to the
reinforced knee sections by snaps 39. Moreover, each of the tubes
are insertable through a plurality of loops 41 longitudinally
spaced on the webbing 31.
The tubes 33 are filled with water, to which has been added
antibacterial and fungicidal ingredients, are are heat sealed at
approximately 4-inch intervals 43 to form strings of individual
water compartments 45. The techniques to accomplish this sealing
are conventional in the packaging industry. In freezing the water
within the compartments 45 the tubes 33 may be detached from the
webbing and individually frozen or the entire cooling garment may
be frozen.
In most applications an additional outer insulating garment (not
shown) is worn to prevent heat gain to the ice from the outer
atmosphere. This outer garment, however, is a standard product and
is not particularly pertinent to the novelty of this invention.
However, such a garment does improve the overall system
efficiency.
In operation, the cooling garment 30 is positioned over the
insulation garment 10. At the initial stage, the cooling garment 30
is at 0.degree. Fahrenheit. Since the subject is only beginning to
work, the maximum insulation for the insulation garment 10 is
required. The maximum insulation is shown in FIG. 2, where air is
permitted within the cellular structure 21 to allow the foam to
expand to its natural thickness.
As the subject begins to work, the need for increased heat
dissipation from the skin to the refrigerant layer 30 is met by a
gradual reduction in the thickness of the insulation layer 10. This
process is accomplished by the wearer by operating the hand vacuum
pump 25. Each squeeze of the pump 25 removes a fixed volumne of air
from the insulation garment 10 and as the air is removed, outside
air pressure collapses the foam 21 by a finite and evenly
distributed amount. This decrease in thickness increases the
thermal conductance of the insulation layer 10. It should be noted
that in normal use, it is not until all the frozen solids have
melted and the refrigerant layer begins to rise in temperature that
the maximum reduction of the insulation barrier is needed. The
maximum reduction in thickness is shown in FIG. 3.
It has been found that it is quite practical to distribute 10 to 15
pounds of water in the garment and that 2,000 B.t.u.'s of heat
capacity would be available if the garment were stored in a freezer
at 0.degree. and used until the melted ice had reached a
temperature of 70.degree. Fahrenheit. This is within the normal
operating range. This amount of heat capacity is sufficient for 1
to 2 hours of use by an individual engaged in moderate activity. As
an example, in tests conducted with the subject walking on a
treadmill at 3 miles per hour, the heat removal was adequate for
11/2 hours in almost complete comfort.
A profound advantage of the cooling garment 10 is that all of the
compartments 45 are self-contained and isolated from each other. As
a result the puncture of one of the compartments affects only a
small fraction of the garment's overall effectiveness.
It should also be noted that the variable insulation garment could
also be made as an inflatable rather than a foam sandwich from
which air has to be evacuated. In such a garment air could
gradually be let out as required to reduce the insulation barrier.
It should also be noted that the variable insulation garment can
also be used in combination with a heat source with little or no
modification to the garment structure. Furthermore, the variable
insulation garment can be utilized alone, without any outside
garment, for the purpose of regulating the rate of heat loss from
the body to the outside environment, under conditions where the
environment is cold and the metabolic rate may vary from very low
at rest to high during hard work.
As can be seen, a completely self-contained cooling system is
provided that is highly mobile and capable of being adjusted to
meet the varying metabolic demands of the user.
It should be noted that various modifications can be made to the
apparatus while still remaining withing the purview of the
following claims.
* * * * *