U.S. patent number 3,641,730 [Application Number 04/886,498] was granted by the patent office on 1972-02-15 for expandable joint device.
Invention is credited to Alan F. Meckstroth.
United States Patent |
3,641,730 |
Meckstroth |
February 15, 1972 |
EXPANDABLE JOINT DEVICE
Abstract
The adjacent edge surfaces of prefabricated building panels have
opposing undercut recesses of dovetail configuration and are
rigidly connected and sealed by an elongated tubular joint device
including a pair of opposing rigid V-shaped sidewalls connected by
a pair of opposing flexible base walls each having a set of rigid
sections. The joint device is formed as a polypropylene extrusion
with the sidewalls and base wall sections integrally connected by
thin web hinges, and is expandable from a collapsed position
facilitating insertion into the recesses to an extended position
where the sidewalls clamp the panels together in response to
flexing of the base wall sections to overcenter locking positions.
In another embodiment, only one of the panels has an undercut
recess, and integral hinges connect the sidewalls of the joint
device to the adjacent panel.
Inventors: |
Meckstroth; Alan F. (Kettering,
OH) |
Family
ID: |
25389131 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/886,498 |
Filed: |
December 19, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/586.2;
24/704.1; 52/309.11; 24/573.09 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F16B
5/0024 (20130101); E04B 1/6813 (20130101); E04B
1/6133 (20130101); F16B 5/0052 (20130101); E04B
1/6154 (20130101); Y10T 24/50 (20150115); Y10T
24/45005 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
E04B
1/61 (20060101); E04B 1/68 (20060101); F16B
5/00 (20060101); E04c 001/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;52/584,585,586,309
;287/2.92K,124,127R ;24/208,211,211P,23AS,214,23SL,230 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,258,423 |
|
Mar 1961 |
|
FR |
|
577,543 |
|
May 1946 |
|
GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Perham; Alfred C.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A joint device for rigidly connecting adjacent surfaces of first
and second members wherein at least said first member has an
undercut recess defined within the corresponding surface by
opposing undercut side faces joined by a base surface, said device
comprising a set of substantially rigid and noncompressible
opposing sidewalls, means for connecting said sidewalls to said
second member, a set of substantially rigid and noncompressible
base wall sections extending between said sidewalls, linear hinge
means connecting said base wall sections, linear hinge means
connecting each said base wall section to one of said sidewalls,
and said base wall sections being pivotable between collapsed
positions converging inwardly between said sidewalls and generally
aligned positions to effect movement of said sidewalls between
retracted collapsed positions and extended positions firmly
engaging said side faces.
2. A joint device as defined in claim 1 wherein said second member
includes a second said undercut recess opposing the first said
recess and defined by corresponding said side faces joined by a
base surface, a set of substantially rigid and noncompressible
opposite sidewalls within said second recess and connected to the
corresponding said sidewalls within the first said recess, a set of
substantially rigid and noncompressible base wall sections
connecting said sidewalls within the second said recess, linear
hinge means connecting the latter base wall sections to each other
and to the corresponding said sidewalls, and the latter said base
wall sections being pivotable between collapsed positions
converging inwardly between the corresponding said sidewalls and
generally aligned positions adjacent said base wall surface of said
second recess to effect movement of the corresponding said
sidewalls between retracted collapsed positions and extended
positions engaging said side faces of said second recess.
3. A joint device device as defined in claim 2 wherein said joint
device comprises a tubular plastic extrusion, and the corresponding
said sidewalls are rigidly connected and have a generally V-shaped
outer surface.
4. A joint device as defined in claim 2 and further comprising a
tubular plastic extrusion, the connected said sidewalls are rigid
and have a generally V-shaped configuration for engaging the
adjacent said side faces defining said first and second recesses in
response to movement of said base wall sections within said first
and second recesses.
5. A joint device as defined in claim 1 in combination with a frame
member having a substantially uniform wall thickness and defining
said undercut recess.
6. A joint device as defined in claim 1 wherein each said member
comprises a building panel, said recess is located within an edge
surface of one said panels, and said device extends continuously
substantially the length of said edge surface said base wall means
comprise a set of substantially rigid base wall sections, and hinge
means connecting said base wall sections to each other and to said
sidewalls.
7. A joint device as defined in claim 1 wherein said hinge means
connecting said base wall sections move slightly through a plane
defined by said hinge means connecting said base wall sections to
said sidewalls to cause overcenter movement of said base wall
sections into contact with said base surface to effect locking of
said sidewalls in said extended positions engaging said side
faces.
8. A joint device as defined in claim 1 and comprising an extrusion
of plastics material, and each said hinge means comprises an
extruded integral hinge.
9. A joint device for rigidly connecting adjacent surfaces of first
and second members having opposing recesses each defined by
opposing undercut side faces joined by a base surface, said device
comprising a tubular body extending into said recesses and
including a set of substantially rigid and noncompressible opposite
sidewalls each having a generally V-shaped outer surface, a pair of
opposite base walls each including a set of substantially rigid and
noncompressible base wall sections, linear hinge means connecting
corresponding said base wall sections to each other and to said
sidewalls, each set of said base wall sections being pivotable
between collapsed positions converging inwardly between said
sidewalls and generally parallel extended positions to effect
movement of said sidewalls between retracted positions facilitating
insertion of said device into said recesses and extended positions
causing said sidewalls to engage said side faces.
10. A joint device as defined in claim 9 including means for
locking said base wall sections in said extended positions.
11. A joint device as defined in claim 10 wherein said hinge means
connecting each set of said base wall sections, is effective to
pass through a plane defined by said hinge means connecting said
base wall sections to said sidewalls and into engagement with the
corresponding base surface of said recess to effect said locking
means.
12. A joint device as defined in claim 9 and being formed of a
substantially rigid plastics material, and said hinge means
comprises thin web integral hinges connecting said base wall
sections to each other and to said sidewalls.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
As a result of the trend toward prefabricating more and more
building components within a factory to obtain the advantages of
volume production and to reduce on-site labor requirements, there
exists an increasing problem of how to couple or connect the
building components rigidly, quickly and conveniently at the
building site when there is no access to the inner structure of the
component. For example, in the joining of modular dwelling units,
housing sections or building panels, it is desirable to form a
rigid and dependable connection between the adjacent modules,
sections or panels and also to form a continuous fluidtight seal.
One form of joint connection is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
2,363,405 wherein an elongated key member is extended
longitudinally into opposing dovetail grooves or recesses formed
within adjacent edges of the building panels. A similar form of key
joint is disclosed in British Pat. No. 577,543.
Another form of connection is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,310,917
wherein adjacent edge surfaces of panels are connected by snap
fitting key members. Prefabricated building panels are also
connected by a plurality of cam actuated mechanical locking devices
located at spaced intervals, as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,392,497.
Still another form of joint device is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
2,863,185 wherein a series of deformable soft metal fasteners are
proposed for joining adjacent edge surfaces of building members or
panels.
In any form of joint connection, it is highly desirable for the
joining or connecting device to be effective in forming a rigid and
dependable connection which effectively draws the surfaces together
uniformly along their entire length. It is also desirable for the
connecting device to be simple and convenient to install,
inexpensive in construction and to form a continuous fluidtight
seal between the surfaces. As is apparent after a complete
analysis, each of the connecting devices disclosed in the above
patents is lacking in providing one or more of these desirable
features.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to an improved joint device which
is inexpensive and simple in construction and provides a continuous
internal force which effectively clamps or draws the adjacent
surfaces of two members together. The joint device is also adapted
to be quickly and conveniently installed and forms a continuous
fluidtight seal between the adjacent surfaces.
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the joint
device comprises a tubular polypropylene extrusion having a pair of
opposing rigid sidewalls each with a V-shaped cross-sectional
configuration. The sidewalls are integrally connected by a pair of
opposing base walls each consisting of a pair of rigid base wall
sections. Each pair of base wall sections are integrally connected
to each other and to the sidewalls by thin web hinges.
The joint device is adapted to be inserted into opposing undercut
recesses formed within the edge surfaces of adjacent members such
as building panels, and the sidewalls are expandable from collapsed
positions to extended positions clamping the members together in
response to flexing of the base wall sections from inwardly
converging relation to generally parallel relation. The hinge
connecting each pair of base wall sections passes through a plane
defined by the hinges connecting the base wall sections to the
sidewalls to effect overcenter locking of the sidewalls in their
extended clamping positions. In another embodiment, only one of the
edge surfaces is provided with an undercut recess, and
substantially rigid sidewalls of the joint device are integrally
connected to the adjacent building member by thin web hinges.
Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent
from the following description, the accompanying drawing and the
appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a horizontal fragmentary section through the adjacent
vertical edge portions of abutting building members or panels and
through a joint device which is constructed in accordance with the
present invention and shown in its expanded condition;
FIG. 2 is an end view of the elongated joint device of FIG. 1 and
shown in its collapsed condition; and
FIGS. 3 and 4 show another embodiment of a joint device constructed
in accordance with the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1, a joint device of the invention is described
in connection with two prefabricated building panels 10 each being
rectangular, as for example, 4.times. 8 feet in size. It is to be
understood, however, that the joint device of the invention may
also be used for rigidly connecting adjacent surfaces of any two
members regardless of their specific material composition. Thus for
purposes of illustration only, each of the preassembled panels 10
includes a vertical frame member 12 which joins similar frame
members (not shown) forming each edge surface of the panel. The
panels 10 are intended to be used in forming the exterior wall of a
building structure, and each panel includes an outer skin formed by
a sheet 14 of rough-sawn exterior plywood which may be scored at
spaced intervals or adapted to receive horizontally spaced battens.
The inner skin of each panel 10 includes a sheet 16 of "dry wall,"
and a polyurethane foam core 18 fills the space between the sheets
14 and 16 and bonds to the sheets 14 and 16 and the frame member
12. The sheets 14 and 16 of each panel 10 are also secured to the
frame member 12 and the other bordering frame members and internal
frame members (not shown) by either suitable mechanical fasteners
or cement.
An undercut recess 20 of dovetail cross-sectional configuration is
formed within each frame member 12 by longitudinally extending and
inwardly diverging side faces 22 connected by a base surface 24
extending parallel to the corresponding edge surface 25 of the
frame member 12. Preferably, the recess 20 extends around the
entire periphery of each panel 10, that is, within both of the
opposite side frame members 12 and also within both of the opposite
end frame members (not shown). Thus the peripherally extending
undercut recess 20 within each panel 10 is generally similar to the
undercut recess extending around the periphery of the building
panel disclosed in above-mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,310,917.
Accordingly, the panels 10 are especially suited for high volume
production of an assembly line within a factory and may be
prefabricated in different widths, as for example, 2 feet, 4 feet,
6 feet, etc., and in different lengths depending upon whether the
panels are intended for use as floor panels, wall panels, ceiling
panels or roof panels.
In accordance with the present invention, an elongated tubular
joint device 30 extends within each pair of opposing recesses 20
and includes a pair of opposite sidewalls 32 each having a V-shaped
outer surface 33. The joint device 30 is extruded from
polypropylene, and the opposing sidewalls 32 are integrally
connected by a pair of opposing base walls 34 and thin web corner
hinges 35. Each of the base walls 34 consists of a pair of rigid
base wall sections 36 which are integrally connected by a thin web
hinge 38.
The sidewalls 32 of the joint device 30 are expandable or movable
from collapsed relation or positions (FIG. 2) to extended positions
(FIG. 1) in response to flexing of the base walls 34 from inwardly
converging relation or positions (FIG. 2) to generally parallel
relation or positions (FIG. 1). In the collapsed condition shown in
FIG. 2, the joint device 30 can be conveniently inserted laterally
into each of the recesses 20.
When the sidewalls 32 are expanded to their extended positions, the
outer surfaces 33 of the sidewalls 32 engage the corresponding
inwardly diverging faces 22 of the recesses 20 and exert forces
tending to clamp or draw the frame members 12 together. The
corresponding movement of the base walls 34 from their inwardly
converging positions to their generally parallel positions causes
each of the web hinges 38 to pass through a plane defined by the
corresponding corner hinges 35 thereby effecting overcenter locking
of the base wall section 36 against the adjacent base surface 38 of
the corresponding recess 20.
In use, the locking device 30 is first inserted in its collapsed
condition into one of the undercut recesses 20, and another panel
10 is positioned in adjacent relation so that the joint device 30
extends into both of the opposing recesses 20 in its collapsed
position shown in FIG. 2. The base walls 34 are then pivoted or
flexed from their inwardly retracted positions (FIG. 2) to their
extended or generally parallel positions (FIG. 1) by applying air
pressure within the joint device 30 or by passing a mechanical tool
such as a ball-like mandrel through the joint device.
Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. In
this embodiment, a rectangular building panel 50 includes an outer
skin or sheet 14 of plywood, a polyurethane foam core 18 and an
inner skin or sheet 16 of dry wall material. The sheets 14 and 16
and the foam core 18 are bonded to a sheet metal frame member 55
which is preferably roll-formed from a steel strip. The frame
member 55 includes outer parallel flanges 56 which are secured to
the sheets 14 and 16 with suitable fasteners or cement. An undercut
recess 58 having generally a dovetail cross-sectional configuration
is defined within the frame member 55 by opposing inwardly
diverging sidewalls 60 integrally connected by a base wall 62
having a slight angular configuration defined by a break 63.
The panel 50 is adapted to be joined to a prefabricated panel 65
including an outer sheet 14, an inner sheet 16, and a foam core 18.
A channellike frame member 70 is extruded of plastic such as
polypropylene and includes outer parallel flanges 72 which are
secured to the sheets 14 and 16 and the foam core 18 in the same
manner as described above for the panel 50 in FIG. 3. The frame
member 70 includes an end wall 74 which integrally connects the
flanges 72.
A joint device 75 is extruded as an integral part of the frame
member 70 and includes a pair of opposing rigid sidewalls 76 which
are integrally connected to the end wall 74 by thin web hinges 78.
A pair of rigid base wall sections 80 are integrally connected by a
thin web hinge 82 and are also integrally connected to the
sidewalls 76 by a set of thin web hinges 84.
The panels 50 and 65 are rigidly connected by abutting the frame
members 55 and 70 so that the joint device 75 extend into the
recess 58. When the base wall sections 80 are moved from their
inwardly converging relation (FIG. 4) to a generally aligned
relation adjacent the base wall 62 of the frame member 55, the
sidewalls 76 expand outwardly to engage the inner faces of the
sidewalls 60 of the frame member 55. As a result, the frame members
55 and 70 are urged or clamped together with substantial force.
When the hinge 82 approaches the center of the base wall 62 of the
frame member 55, the hinge 82 passes through a plane defined by the
continuous hinges 84 to effect an overcenter toggle action which
locks the base wall sections 80 in generally aligned relation
adjacent the base wall 62 of the frame member 55. Thus the
sidewalls 76 of the joint device 75 are positively locked in form
engagement with the sidewalls 60 of the frame member 55.
From the drawing and the above description, it is apparent that a
joint device constructed in accordance with the invention provides
desirable features and advantages. For example, when the joint
device 30 is collapsed as shown in FIG. 2, it may be conveniently
inserted into the recesses 20 as the panels 10 are being erected or
installed. Then by simply extending the base walls 34 from their
inwardly converging relation (FIG. 2) to their generally parallel
relation (FIG. 1), the sidewalls 32 firmly engage the faces 22 of
the frame members 12 and clamp the frame members together with
substantial force. The rigid V-shaped configuration of the
sidewalls 32 and the overcenter locking of the base wall sections
36 assure that the joint between the frame members 12 remains
rigid.
As another feature, the joint device 30 may be conveniently formed
as a plastic extrusion so that its cost per linear foot is
minimized. This enables the joint device 30 to be extended the
entire length of the frame members 12 without substantial expense
so that the clamping force is uniformly distributed. Moreover, the
extruded plastic joint device 30 or 75 also forms a continuous
fluidtight seal between the frame members. However, it is to be
understood that a series of relatively short joint devices 30 may
be used at spaced intervals between the two members 12 when a
continuous seal and a continuous clamping force is not
required.
While each of the frame members 12 is formed from a standard
two-by-four, FIG. 3 shows that a frame member may also be
roll-formed from a sheet metal strip in the same manner as a
channellike steel two-by-four is produced. A frame member may also
be extruded of aluminum or plastic so that it has generally the
same configuration as the frame member 55, i.e., a substantially
uniform thickness.
It is apparent that while the joint device 75 shown in FIG. 4
provides for a positive and continuous connection between the
panels 50 and 65, this embodiment does not provide a connecting
strength as great as that of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2
since only the continuous web hinges 78 form the connection between
the panels 50 and 65 after the joint device 75 is expanded within
the recess 58. However, the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4 is quite
satisfactory for quickly joining two members when substantial
strength in the joint is not required. Furthermore, the extrusion
of the joint device 75 as a part of the extrusion of the frame
member 70 eliminates the additional handling of a separate joint
device.
It is to be understood that the joint device 30, shown in FIG. 2,
may be expanded simultaneously in both of the opposing recesses 20
or may be first expanded in one of the recesses 20 with a suitable
tool and then expanded within the other recess 20 at a later time
by means of either air pressure or a suitable tool as mentioned
above. Furthermore, while the forms of joint devices herein
described constitute preferred embodiments of the invention, it is
to be understood that the invention is not limited to these precise
forms of devices, and that changes may be made therein without
departing from the scope of the invention which is defined in the
appended claims.
* * * * *