U.S. patent number 3,641,602 [Application Number 04/856,445] was granted by the patent office on 1972-02-15 for single anchor leg single point mooring system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Esso Research and Engineering Company. Invention is credited to Colin N. T. Baptist, John F. Flory, Russel C. Kuhn, Frederick H. Stracke.
United States Patent |
3,641,602 |
Flory , et al. |
February 15, 1972 |
SINGLE ANCHOR LEG SINGLE POINT MOORING SYSTEM
Abstract
A single anchor leg single point mooring and cargo-handling
system, primarily for tanker vessels, is provided which comprises a
mooring buoy anchored to a mooring foundation by a single anchor
leg, a portion of which is a rigid conduit utilized for cargo
transfer, and a portion of which is a flexible connection, and
providing means for permitting the buoy to rotate with respect to
the mooring foundation.
Inventors: |
Flory; John F. (Morristown,
NJ), Baptist; Colin N. T. (Tripoli, LY), Kuhn;
Russel C. (Princeton, NJ), Stracke; Frederick H.
(Convent Station, NJ) |
Assignee: |
Esso Research and Engineering
Company (N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
25323653 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/856,445 |
Filed: |
September 9, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
441/5 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B63B
22/021 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B63B
22/00 (20060101); B63B 22/02 (20060101); B63b
021/52 () |
Field of
Search: |
;9/8,8P ;114/.5,.5T,230
;61/46-46.5 ;141/387-388 ;137/236-236.05 ;166/.5 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Buchler; Milton
Assistant Examiner: O'Connor; Gregory W.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A single point mooring and cargo-handling system for tanker
vessels which comprises, in combination:
a mooring foundation anchored to the sea bottom,
a mooring buoy capable of carrying a mooring load located at or
near the surface of the sea including means for mooring the vessel
directly thereto,
anchor leg means for interconnecting said mooring buoy and said
foundation in coaxial relation and capable of carrying a mooring
load, said anchor leg means including a nonrotating rigid fluid
conduit flexibly connected to said foundation and means for
flexibly interconnecting said rigid fluid conduit and said buoy
such that said buoy is held under tension, and
means in operable communication with said rigid fluid conduit for
transferring cargo to and from said rigid fluid conduit.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein said anchor leg means comprises as
a lower portion said rigid fluid conduit flexibly connected to said
foundation and as an upper portion said means for flexibly
interconnecting said rigid fluid conduit to said buoy, said upper
portion comprising means for allowing said buoy to rotate with
respect to said lower portion.
3. The system of claim 2 wherein said last-named means comprises
swivel means and said upper portion further comprises restraint
means directly connected between said swivel means and said buoy to
permit said swivel means and said buoy to rotate in unison.
4. The system of claim 2 wherein said rigid fluid conduit is
connected to said foundation by flexible restraint means for
preventing said lower portion from rotating about a vertical axis
with respect to said foundation.
5. The system of claim 4 wherein said flexible restraint means
comprises a universal joint for permitting free pivotal movement of
said rigid fluid conduit relative to said foundation.
6. A single point mooring and cargo-handling system for tanker
vessels which comprises, in combination:
a. a mooring foundation anchored to the sea bottom;
b. a mooring buoy located at or near the surface of the sea
including means adapted for mooring the vessel directly
thereto;
c. anchor leg means for interconnecting said buoy and said
foundation about a common main axis and capable of carrying a
mooring load, said anchor leg means comprising a lower portion and
an upper portion,
i. said lower portion including a nonrotating rigid fluid conduit
flexibly connected to said foundation and a shaft rigidly attached
to the top of said rigid fluid conduit,
ii. said upper portion including flexible means for connecting said
lower portion to said buoy, means for allowing said buoy to rotate
with respect to said lower portion and swivel means surrounding
said shaft and rotatably mounted thereon and having first conduit
means communicating with said rigid fluid conduit, said shaft
extending through said swivel means and secured to said flexible
means; and
d. means in operable communication with said rigid fluid conduit
for transferring cargo to and from said rigid fluid conduit.
7. The system of claim 6 wherein said rigid fluid conduit is
connected to said foundation by flexible restraint means for
preventing said lower portion from rotating about a vertical axis
with respect to said foundation, said flexible restraint means
comprising at least one spreader arm pivotally mounted to said
rigid fluid conduit, and extending outwardly therefrom, and
flexible tension means connecting said foundation with the outer
ends of said spreader arm.
8. The system of claim 6 wherein said first conduit means
communicates with second conduit means for transferring cargo to
and from the moored vessel.
9. The system of claim 6 wherein said first conduit means
communicates with flexible conduit means for transferring cargo to
and from said buoy, and second conduit means are provided for
transferring the cargo between said buoy and the moored vessel.
10. A single point mooring and cargo-handling system for tanker
vessels which comprises, in combination:
a. a mooring foundation anchored to the sea bottom;
b. a mooring buoy located at or near the surface of the sea
including means adapted for mooring the vessel directly
thereto;
c. anchor leg means for interconnecting said buoy and said
foundation about a common main axis and capable of carrying a
mooring load, said anchor leg means comprising a lower portion and
an upper portion,
i. said lower portion including a nonrotating rigid fluid conduit
flexibly connected to said foundation and to said buoy,
ii. said upper portion including flexible means for connecting said
lower portion to said buoy, swivel means for allowing said buoy to
rotate with respect to said lower portion, and restraint means
directly connected between said swivel means and said buoy, said
restraint means comprising at least one spreader arm pivotably
attached to said swivel means and extending outwardly therefrom,
and flexible tension means connecting the outer ends of said
spreader arm with said buoy, said flexible tension means being of
predetermined length so as to remain slack while said flexible
means is tensioned by a mooring load, whereby said swivel means
rotates in unison with said buoy, and
d. means in operable communication with said rigid fluid conduit
for transferring cargo to and from said rigid fluid conduit.
11. The system of claim 10 wherein the connection between said
rigid fluid conduit and said foundation includes restraint means
comprising at least one spreader arm pivotally mounted with said
rigid fluid conduit and extending outwardly therefrom, and flexible
tension means connecting the outer ends of said restraint means to
said foundation to prevent relative rotation between said rigid
fluid conduit and said foundation.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a single point mooring system for
seagoing ships, particularly tanker vessels, wherein fluid cargo
handling facilities are integrated with the mooring system. More
particularly, this invention relates to a mooring and
cargo-handling facility wherein a mooring buoy is positioned by a
single anchor leg, a portion of that anchor leg being
simultaneously utilized as a fluid conduit for cargo handling, and
wherein means are provided in the anchor leg to allow the buoy to
rotate freely under the influence of the movement of the
tanker.
PRIOR ART
With the advent of exceptionally large tanker ships of 200,000 to
300,000 d.w.t., and up to 500,000 d.w.t., loading and unloading of
such ships has become increasingly complex. These ships have such
deep drafts that natural harbors often cannot accommodate them and
their size is such that mooring forces are quite high. Rather than
create new harbors at an exceedingly high cost, it has been
suggested to moor such ships in deep water and to transfer the
fluid cargo through underwater pipelines to shore.
When a ship is moored to a single buoy in such a manner that it is
free to swing around the buoy, the system is referred to as single
point mooring. The ship is moored to the buoy by bow hawsers and
the ship freely rotates 360.degree. about the buoy, thus reducing
the mooring forces. Provision must be made to transfer the fluid
cargo between the ship and the underwater pipeline as the ship
rotates. In order to avoid interference between the mooring system
and the cargo-handling system, previous single point mooring
designs have employed buoys moored by four or more anchor chains
and have used expensive underbuoy cargo hoses.
An integrated single point mooring and cargo-handling system has
now been developed which is more economical than previous systems
because the mooring and cargo-handling functions are combined in a
single anchor leg. This single anchor leg system is described
below.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with this invention, therefore, a single anchor leg
single point mooring system, having integrated cargo-handling
facilities, is provided wherein a mooring buoy located at or near
the surface of the sea is anchored to a foundation fixed to the sea
bottom. A single anchor leg of predetermined length connects the
buoy and foundation and holds the buoy down against its natural
buoyancy, i.e., the entire anchor leg is in tension, and a portion
of the single anchor leg is simultaneously utilized as a fluid
conduit. In order to accommodate the movement of the vessel, means
are provided in the single anchor leg to permit the buoy to rotate
freely about a vertical axis through the center of the foundation.
Also, to eliminate excessive stresses on the anchor leg,
antirotational flexible pivoting means are provided for connecting
the single anchor leg to the foundation, thus assuring that the
loads on the anchor leg will be axial.
DRAWING DESCRIPTION
The attached drawings will better illustrate this invention and
several of the variously preferred embodiments it may take. In the
drawings, identical numerals will refer to identical parts in the
same or different drawings.
FIG. 1 shows the arrangement of a preferred integrated single
anchor leg single point mooring and cargo-handling system.
FIG. 2 is a section at the upper end of the fluid conduit portion
of the single anchor leg.
FIG. 3 is a side elevation of the connection between the fluid
conduit portion of the single anchor leg and the upper connecting
chain to the mooring buoy.
FIG. 4 shows the arrangement of an alternative single anchor leg
single point mooring system integrated with cargo-handling
facilities.
FIG. 5 is a section at the bottom of the rigid fluid conduit
portion of the single anchor leg.
Referring now to FIG. 1, numeral 10 indicates a rigid fluid
conduit, i.e., a pipe, capable of supporting the mooring load of a
vessel. The pipe 10 is connected through a flexible pivoting means
16, e.g., a universal joint, to a mooring foundation 12, which is
rigidly fixed to the sea bottom. It should be noted that the joint
16 prevents rotation of pipe 10 relative to foundation 12, while
permitting pipe 10 to pivot freely from the joint under the
influence of current, tides, mooring loads, etc. A submerged
pipeline 18 transports the cargo fluid to the foundation 12 and
into foundation hoses 20 which transmit the cargo fluid from the
submerged pipeline 18 to swivel joints 21 at the base of the pipe
10. A buoyancy chamber 22 is mounted on the pipe 10 near its upper
end to aid in supporting the pipe. A fluid swivel assembly 24,
consisting of a center load-carrying shaft 23, surrounded by a
rotatably mounted housing 19, is mounted on the top of pipe 10.
(This fluid swivel assembly is more fully described in copending
application Ser. No. 856,259 filed Sept. 9, 1969, to be assigned to
the same assignee as that of the present application.) Anchor chain
swivel 34 is connected to an eye 35 at the top of the shaft 23 and
anchor chain 32 is connected to the anchor chain swivel 34. The
mooring buoy 28 is firmly attached to the other end of the anchor
chain 32. Of course, anchor chain swivel 34 could be located either
at the base of mooring buoy 28 or at the top of the fluid swivel
assembly 24.
Pivotally mounted on housing 19 of the fluid swivel assembly 24 at
pivot point 25 (FIGS. 2-4) are restraint means comprising a chain
spreader arm 26 which extends outwardly from the fluid swivel
assembly 24. Generally, the ends of the chain spreader arm 26 will
be located at or within the perimeter of the mooring buoy 28 and
connected to mooring buoy 28 by means of flexible chains or cables
30 of predetermined length so as to remain slack while anchor chain
32 is tensioned by the mooring load. The effect of the spreader arm
and connecting chains (of which there are at least two) is to
permit the housing 19 of the fluid swivel assembly 24 to rotate in
unison with the mooring buoy. Thus, when a ship is moored to
mooring buoy 28, by affixing a line from the ship to hook 29
mounted on the buoy, the ship can rotate freely around the buoy,
the buoy also rotating to follow the motion of the ship. The
rotational motion of the buoy is then transmitted through the
chains 30 and spreader arm 26 to housing 19 of fluid swivel
assembly 24.
Now, fluid cargo flowing to the ship will pass upwardly through
pipe 10 into fluid swivel assembly 24 and into a pipe yoke 36
connected to fluid swivel assembly 24 by means of two fluid swivel
joints 37. The pipe yoke 36 is connected to a flexible fluid
conduit 38, e.g., rubber hose, for transporting cargo between the
ship and the mooring system. Of course, if desired, a pipe yoke
need not be employed and separate conduit means from the ship may
be connected directly to swivel joints 37. Additionally, floating
loading hose between the ship and the buoy can be employed when
separate hoses are used to transfer cargo between the swivel and
the buoy.
A highly advantageous feature of the invention shown in FIG. 1 is
that the fluid conduit means connecting the fluid swivel assembly
and the ship is connected to the fluid swivel assembly at some
point between the sea surface and the sea bottom. Previous
proposals have positioned the fluid conduit and swivels either at
the surface, where they are subject to ship damage and wave forces,
or at the sea bottom, where they are subject to abrasion. This
factor is particularly important in the case of flexible conduit
means, e.g., rubber or reenforced rubber, which is relatively
expensive.
Turning now to FIG. 4, a variation of the single anchor leg single
point mooring system is shown. At the upper end of the single
anchor leg, pipe yoke 36 has been replaced by conduit means 40
which connect the fluid swivel assembly 24 to piping 41 located in
or on the mooring buoy 28. A fluid conduit means 43 is connected
through swivel joint 42 to piping 41 for transporting the fluid
cargo to or from the ship, the conduit 43 normally floating on the
surface of the sea.
Still referring to FIG. 4, another embodiment of the invention is
shown wherein the lower end of the single anchor leg shows an
alternate method of connecting pipe 10 to mooring foundation 12. In
this instance, instead of a joint permitting angular movement and
resisting rotational motion of pipe 10, a tensioned anchor chain 50
connects pipe 10 to mooring foundation 12. Fluid conduit means 20
from conduit means 18 are connected through swivel joints 37 to
pipe 10. A chain spreader arm 26 extends outwardly from pivot
points 25 on pipe 10. The outer ends of spreader arm 26 are
connected to mooring foundation 12 by means of flexible chains or
cables 30 of predetermined length so as to remain slack while
anchor chain 50 is tensioned by the mooring load. This arrangement
serves the same purpose as the connection 16 shown in FIG. 1, i.e.,
permitting angular movement of pipe 10 with respect to mooring
foundation 12 but resisting relative rotational movement of pipe
with respect to mooring foundation 12 by virtue of the tension in
chains 30.
Having now described the invention, of which various modifications
and variations will be obvious to those skilled in the art, the
following claims will point out that which is believed to be the
invention herein.
* * * * *