U.S. patent number 3,638,532 [Application Number 04/837,696] was granted by the patent office on 1972-02-01 for fastener driving tool.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Fastener Corporation. Invention is credited to Raymond F. Novak.
United States Patent |
3,638,532 |
Novak |
February 1, 1972 |
FASTENER DRIVING TOOL
Abstract
There is provided a fastener driving tool having a control valve
arrangement including a trigger valve, a cycling valve and a safety
valve. The cycling valve is adapted to repetitively cycle the
driving piston of the fastener driving tool through power and
return strokes or to provide for single-cycling of the piston
through a drive and return stroke in response to the position of
the trigger. In addition there is provided an arrangement wherein
the operation of the piston is arrested when the bumper cushioning
the power stroke of the piston is excessively worn.
Inventors: |
Novak; Raymond F. (Schiller
Park, IL) |
Assignee: |
Fastener Corporation (Franklin
Park, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
25275159 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/837,696 |
Filed: |
June 30, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
91/220; 91/226;
91/300; 91/356; 91/298; 91/308; 227/130 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B25C
1/041 (20130101); B25C 1/047 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B25C
1/04 (20060101); F01b 025/04 (); F01l 021/04 ();
F01l 025/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;91/220,300,399,226,298,308,356 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Maslousky; Paul E.
Claims
What is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent of The
United States is:
1. A pneumatically operated fastener driving tool including a
housing having a cavity defining a fluid reservoir; a cylinder in
said housing; a piston slideably mounted in the cylinder; main
valve means controlling admission of fluid to and the exhaustion of
fluid from one end of the cylinder; pneumatic piston return means
including a return air chamber, a cycling valve having a body
defining a cycling valve cylinder of the differential type having a
small and a large diameter portion and a spool valve element in
said cylinder movable through a stroke from a first to a second
position, said spool valve element having large and small diameter
portions slideable in the corresponding portions of the cycling
valve cylinder and having a first sealing means on the large
diameter portion of the spool valve element and a pair of spaced
second and third sealing means on the small diameter portion of the
spool valve element, said body having means defining a first port
in the end of said small diameter portion of the cycling valve
cylinder, first passageway means extending from said first port, a
second port intermediate the stroke of the third sealing means,
second passageway means connecting said second port to said main
valve means, a third port opening between the second and third
sealing means, throughout their stroke, third passageway means
connecting said third port to said fluid reservoir, a fourth port
opening between the first sealing means and the second sealing
means throughout their travel, fourth passageway means extending
from said fourth port, a fifth port in the end of said large
diameter portion of the cycling valve cylinder, fifth passageway
means extending from said fifth port to a source of signal fluid,
and control means for selectively connecting said first and fourth
passageways to said reservoir and to exhaust.
2. A fastener driving tool as set forth in claim 1 wherein said
control means includes a trigger valve movable between a first
position exhausting said fourth port, a second position exhausting
said first port to provide single-fire operation of said tool, and
a third position connecting said fourth port to the reservoir to
provide multiple-fire operation of said tool.
3. A fastener driving tool as set forth in claim 2 and including a
safety valve in said first passageway movable between a safety
position connecting said first port to said reservoir and a second
position connecting said first port to said trigger valve for
exhaust thereby.
4. A pneumatically operated fastener driving tool as set forth in
claim 1 and including metering means in said fifth passageway
regulating the repetitive firing rate of said tool without
affecting the single-fire rate thereof.
5. A pneumatically operated fastener driving tool as set forth in
claim 1 wherein said fifth passageway opens into said return air
chamber.
6. A pneumatically operated fastener driving tool including a
piston slideably mounted in a cylinder and movable through a
driving and return stroke, control means including manually
operable means operable from a normal position to a first operated
position for selectively operating said tool through a single-fire
operation, wherein said piston automatically moves through a single
driving and return cycle while said manually operable means remains
in said first operated position, said manually operable means being
movable to a second operated position to effect a multiple-fire
operation wherein said piston automatically and continuously moves
through repetitive cycles of driving and return strokes, and means
for adjustably regulating the repetitive cycling rate of said tool
during said multiple-fire operation without altering the single
firing cycling speed thereof.
7. A pneumatically operated fastener driving tool as set forth in
claim 6 wherein said tool includes a cycling valve movable between
a normal position controlling a power stroke and an actuated
position providing the return stroke, and means selectively
providing for retention of said cycling valve in said actuated
position and for cycling said cycling valve in response to a
cycling signal.
8. A pneumatically operated fastener driving tool comprising a
driving member operable through cycles of power and return strokes,
control means selectively positionable to a first position to
automatically operate said driving member through a single cycle
with the control means held in the first position and to a second
position to automatically operate said driving member through
repetitive cycles with the control means held in the second
position, and means for adjustably regulating the repetitive
cycling rate without altering the single cycle speed thereof.
9. A fastener driving tool as set forth in claim 8 and including a
cycling valve controlling the movement of said driving member
through its strokes, said cycling valve having a differential
diameter portion defining first and second surfaces of different
area, first passage means connecting said first surface area to a
source of signal fluid, and second passage means connecting said
second surface area selectively to the atmosphere and to a source
of pressurized fluid in response to the selective setting of said
control means to said first and second positions for single-cycle
operation and multifire operation.
10. A fastener driving tool as set forth in claim 9 and including
adjustable means for throttling the fluid flow in said first
passage.
11. A fluid-operated fastener driving tool comprising a driving
member operable through a cycle of a power stroke and a return
stroke, a main valve assembly operable to apply fluid to and to
exhaust fluid from the driving member to move the driving member
through its power and return strokes, a cycling valve operable
between spaced positions to control the operation of the main valve
assembly, and manually operable control means operable from a
normal position to a single cycle position to control the main
valve and the cycling valve to effect a single cycle of the driving
member while the manually operable control means remains in said
single cycle position, said manually operable control means being
operable to a second position to control the main valve assembly
and the cycling valve to automatically and continually move said
driving member through successive and repeated cycles so long as
the manually controlled means remains in said second position.
12. The tool set forth in claim 11 in which the manually operable
control means includes means operable in one of said first and
second positions for applying a bias to the cycling valve and
operable in the other of said first and second positions to prevent
the application of a bias to the cycling valve.
13. A fluid-actuated fastener driving tool operable through a
single cycle of a power stroke and a return stroke or a number of
cycles each including a power stroke and a return stroke, said tool
comprising a cylinder, a piston slideable in the cylinder,
fluid-actuated main valve means for alternately supplying fluid to
and exhausting fluid from the cylinder to move the piston through
the power stroke and a return stroke, respectively, a cycling valve
operable between two spaced positions and coupled to the main valve
means for selectively controlling the connection of the main valve
means to fluid and the atmosphere, said cycling valve being coupled
to receive fluid admitted to the cylinder by the main valve means
and operable to one of its two spaced positions thereby on each
tool operation to institute the return stroke of the piston, and
manual control means operable from a normal position to a first
position to control the cycling valve to remain in said one
position until the manual control means is returned to its normal
position so that the tool automatically operates through a single
cycle, said manual control means also being operable from a normal
position to a second position to control the cycling valve to move
from said one position to the other of its positions on each return
stroke so long as the manual control means is held in its second
position so that the tool automatically operates through a number
of cycles.
14. The tool set forth in claim 13 in which the cycling valve
includes a differential piston operator and the manual control
means includes a valve for selectively connecting the differential
piston to the atmosphere and fluid.
15. A pneumatically operated fastener driving tool including a
housing, a cylinder in said housing, a piston slidably mounted in
said cylinder for movement through power and return strokes,
cylinder valve means for controlling the admission and exhaust of
fluid from one end of said cylinder to drive said piston through a
power stroke and permit return thereof, cushioning means positioned
in the other end of said cylinder in the path of said piston to
stop and cushion power strokes thereof at a normal piston stopping
point, an air return chamber, first port means adjacent the
cushioning means for supplying air from the chamber beneath the
piston to move the piston through a return stroke, means for
supplying pressurized air to the chamber incident to each power
stroke, and second port means spaced above the first port means and
placing the chamber in communication with the cylinder, said second
port means being so spaced relative to the cushioning means that
when the cushioning means deteriorates a given amount, the piston
moves downwardly beyond the normal piston stopping point and the
second port means become opened to discharge pressurized air from
the chamber into the cylinder above the piston, the second port
means being of such size that the air discharged renders the air in
the chamber ineffective to move the piston through a return
stroke.
16. The fastener driving tool set forth in claim 15 in which the
piston carries a sealing means disposed between said one end of the
cylinder and the second port means when the piston is at its normal
stopping point and disposed between said first and second port
means when the cushioning means deteriorates said given amount.
17. The fastener driving tool set forth in claim 16 in which the
means for supplying pressurized air to the chamber includes a
passage through the piston and opening into the cylinder between
said sealing means and said other end of the cylinder.
18. A fluid-actuated fastener driving tool operable through a
single cycle of a power stroke and a return stroke or a number of
cycles each including a power stroke and a return stroke, said tool
comprising a cylinder, a piston slideable in the cylinder,
fluid-actuated main valve means for alternately supplying fluid to
and exhausting fluid from the cylinder to move the piston through
the power stroke and the return stroke, respectively, a cycling
valve operable between two spaced positions and coupled to the main
valve means for selectively controlling the connection of the main
valve means to fluid and the atmosphere, said cycling valve being
coupled to receive fluid admitted to the cylinder by the main valve
means and operable to one of its two spaced positions thereby on
each tool operation to institute the return stroke of the piston,
and manual means coupled to the cycling valve and the main valve
means for selectively controlling operation of the tool through a
single cycle or a number of cycles, said control means including
first valve means operable between operated and released positions
for selectively supplying a connection to fluid and the atmosphere
to operate the tool, said manual control means also including a
second valve means, said second valve means being operable to a
first position to control the cycling valve to remain in said one
position until the first valve means is returned to its released
position so that the tool automatically operates through only a
single cycle, said second valve means also being operable to a
second position to control the cycling valve to move from said one
position to the other of its positions on each return stroke so
long as the first valve means is in its operated position so that
the tool operates through a number of cycles.
19. The tool set forth in claim 18 in which the cycling valve
includes a differential piston operator with two fluid surfaces,
one of said surfaces receiving fluid admitted to the cylinder by
the main valve means, and in which the second valve means
selectively connects the other of said surfaces to the atmosphere
and fluid.
Description
This invention relates to a fastener driving tool, and more
particularly to a fastener driving tool including new and improved
control and cycling means therefor.
Pneumatic fastener driving tools on the market today may be of the
type that, when the trigger is depressed, the drive piston and
connected fastener driving blade move through a power or drive
stroke of a fastener driving operation and are returned upon
completion thereof by a suitable piston return means. Such piston
and driving blade are cycled through a single cycle of power and
return strokes upon depression of the trigger, whether or not the
trigger has been released to provide for single-cycle operation of
the tool.
Fastener driving tools also are known which are provided with means
for repetitively cycling the driving piston and driving blade
through its cycle of power and return strokes so long as a trigger
valve is maintained depressed, to provide for auto-firing or
multiple-firing of the tool. Means may be provided in such a
multiple-fire tool to provide for single-firing thereof if
desired.
Heretofore it has been known to provide means for adjusting the
autofiring rate of the tool. However such autofiring adjusting
means in commercially known tools has adjusted or restricted the
single-firing rate of the tool. Such tools are restricted to the
autofire repetitive rate which may be a handicap when a few
fasteners are required to be fired at a higher rate of speed into a
particular area of the workpiece.
Moreover it has been customary to provide a bumper or cushion for
the drive piston at the end of its drive stroke. However when the
fastener driving tool is operated in the autofire position for long
periods of time, the bumper becomes hot and deteriorates
rapidly.
Accordingly one object of the present invention is to provide a new
and improved pneumatically actuated fastener driving tool wherein
the autofire rate thereof may be adjusted without affecting the
single-fire rate of the tool.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a new and
improved fastener driving tool wherein the tool is rendered
inoperative if the piston bumper has deteriorated beyond useful
limits.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a new and
improved pneumatically actuated fastener driving tool.
Yet a further object of the present invention is the provision of a
fastener driving tool having a new and improved control valve
permitting ease of autofire selection or single-fire selection by
the operator.
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a new
and improved fastener driving tool of the general type including a
housing having a cavity defining a fluid reservoir and a cylinder
in the housing. A driving piston having a driving blade is slidably
mounted in the cylinder. A main valve of known type is provided for
controlling the admission of fluid to and the exhaust of fluid from
one end of the cylinder so as to drive the piston through a power
or drive stroke and to permit the return of the piston through a
return stroke.
In accordance with the present invention there is provided an
improved control valve including a safety valve, a trigger valve,
and a cycling valve. The cycling valve is movable between a first
position permitting control of the driving piston through a driving
stroke by the trigger valve and safety valve, to a second position
providing for the return of the piston upon completion of a driving
stroke. To this end a signal is received by the cycling valve
representative of the completion of a driving stroke. When the tool
is operatively selected for autofire, a back pressure on the
cycling valve prevents shifting of the cycling valve until the
signal fluid builds up to an amount sufficient to overcome the back
pressure. Thus throttling of the signal fluid passageway will vary
the repetitive firing rate of the tool. When it is desired to fire
the tool as a single-fire tool, the back pressure on the cycling
valve is removed and the cycling valve will shift upon the first
pressure buildup to the valve. Thus throttling or restriction of
the signal fluid passageway is ineffective to alter the cycling of
the tool through the single-fire cycle.
In accordance with another feature of the present invention, the
driving piston is returned through its return stroke by a pressure
buildup of fluid within a return air chamber. The pressure buildup
in the chamber results when passages in the piston line up with
passages through the cylinder wall leading into the return air
chamber. However, in the event that the bumper at the end of the
power stroke has deteriorated, air from the return air chamber will
discharge through the same passageway into the cylinder above the
piston and exhaust to the atmosphere through an exhaust valve in
the cylinder preventing return cycle of piston to take place. Thus
the operator will be apprised of the fact that the tool requires
servicing or maintenance before it can be further operated.
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference may
be had to the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary elevational view of a fastener driving tool
according to the present invention illustrated in its normal or at
rest position;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary view of the improved fastener driving tool
shown with the driving piston at the end of a driving stroke;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view of the improved fastener driving tool
similar to that shown in FIG. 2 but illustrating a deteriorated
cushioning bumper;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary view of the valve arrangement taken along
line 4--4 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the valve arrangement according
to the present invention, taken along lines 5--5 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the trigger valve of the
improved fastener driving tool taken along line 6--6 of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the cycling valve of the
improved fastener driving tool taken along line 7--7 of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the control valve housing of
FIG. 1, illustrating the throttling mechanism, taken along line 808
of FIG. 5;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the control valve mechanism of
the fastener driving tool of FIG. 1, illustrated in the single-fire
arrangement;
FIG. 10 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of the control valve
arrangement of FIG. 9, illustrating the cycling valve in its
position for the return of the piston through a return stroke;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the control valve of the
improved fastener driving tool illustrated in the autofire
position; and
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the control valve housing of the
improved fastener driving tool.
Referring now to the drawings, particularly to FIG. 1, there is
fragmentarily illustrated a fastener driving tool, generally
illustrated as 10, which embodies the control valve assembly and
bumper arrangement according to the present invention. The tool 10
may be of known construction, and, as illustrated, comprises a
housing 12 including a generally vertically extending head or
forward portion and a rearwardly extending hollow handle portion
having a cavity defining a fluid reservoir 16. Pressurized fluid
such as compressed air is supplied to the fluid reservoir 16 of the
tool by a suitable flexible line. The drive system for the tool 10
includes a main or power cylinder 18 mounted within the head
portion of the housing 12 and having an open upper end 18a that is
adapted to be selectively connected to the reservoir 16. The open
upper end of the cylinder 18 is in engagement with a main or
cylinder valve assembly 20 of a known type, under the control of a
control valve assembly 22 according to the present invention. A
fastener driving assembly 24 slidably mounted in the cylinder 18
includes a main or drive piston 26 and has connected thereto a
depending drive blade member 28. The fastener driving assembly 24
is normally biased to a position with the piston 26 adjacent the
cylinder valve assembly 20. An exhaust valve assembly indicated
generally as 32 is provided for controlling the selective
connection of the upper end of the cylinder 18 to the
atmosphere.
When the tool 10 is to be operated, compressed fluid from the
reservoir 16 enters the upper open end 18a of the cylinder 18 and
drives the fastener driving assembly 24 downwardly to engage and
set a fastener or nail 34 supplied to a drive track 36 in a
nosepiece or nosepiece structure 38. The flow of compressed fluid
in the upper end of the cylinder 18 is controlled by the main valve
assembly 20, which includes a vertically movable ring member 40
defining a valve element, and having a sealing ring 42 engageable
with the upper open end 18a of the cylinder 18. The cylinder side
of the ring member 40 is continuously in communication with the
fluid reservoir 16 through a suitable passageway 44 so that
pressurized fluid continuously acts against the cylinder side of
the ring member 40 tending to displace the ring member 40 from the
edge 18a of the cylinder 18. However pressurized fluid is also
introduced to the opposite side of the ring member 40 through a
passageway 48 while the fastener driving tool 10 is in a static or
at rest position. The differential pressure acting on the ring
member 40 is effective to maintain the ring member 40 down, in a
closed position, with the sealing ring 42 against the top 18a of
the cylinder 18. However if the pressurized fluid above the ring
member 40 is discharged, the pressurized fluid acting through the
passageway 44 is effective to unseat the ring member 40 from the
edge 18a of the cylinder 18 to dump pressurized fluid into the top
of the main cylinder 18 and to drive the drive piston 26 through
the drive stroke.
When the fastener driving tool is at rest, or during the return
stroke of the drive piston, the upper open end of the cylinder 18
is exhausted to the atmosphere through the exhaust valve assembly
32. In the illustrated embodiment the exhaust valve assembly
includes a disc-shaped valve member 50 having a resilient valve
element 52, one edge 52a of which is engageable with an inwardly
projecting lip 40a of the ring member 40 when the ring member is
displaced upwardly to provide a seal therebetween. The valve
element 52 is spaced below the inner surface of a downwardly
projecting boss 54 defined in a cap 56 of the tool 10. The
downwardly projecting boss has a plurality of exhaust passageways
58 providing for the exhaust of the fluid when the ring member 40
is in its downward position.
To provide for the return stroke of the fastener driving assembly
24, there is provided a return air chamber 60 communicating with
the lower end of the cylinder 18 through a plurality of fluid inlet
ports 62 and a plurality of fluid outlet ports 64. Moreover the
drive piston 26 is provided with a pair of spaced O-rings 66 and
68, and a passageway 70 that communicates from the upper surface of
the piston 26 opening between the O-rings 66 and 68. The smaller
passageway 70 defines a valve or passage for the flow of return
fluid from above the piston 26 into the return air chamber 60
whenever the passageway 70 is aligned with the fluid inlet ports
62, as illustrated in FIG. 2. Thus it will be understood that in
the normal operation of the fastener driving tool 10, the working
fluid above the piston 26 will flow through the passageway 70 and
fluid inlet ports 62 into the return air chamber 60, and will
thereafter flow through the fluid outlet ports 64 below the piston
26 to drive the piston 26 back through its return stroke. For
efficient piston return, restricting passage 70 should be smaller
than passage through ports 64. The fluid pressure drop through port
64 should be appreciably less than that through port 70, otherwise,
fluid will escape from this port rapidly to atmosphere when the
poppet is closed and the exhaust valve 52 is open. In this event
the piston will not shift initially blocking passage between ports
62 to 70, thereby allowing escape of fluid from the storage chamber
60 until it is depleted. The fluid pressure drop should be less
through the port beneath the piston than above, otherwise it will
not be displaced sufficiently, blocking ports 62 and 70 and
allowing the full return stroke. A greater volume of fluid will
exit from chamber 60 to the bottom of the driver thus shifting it
upwardly and closing off flow from passage 62 to above the driver
and to atmosphere. Residual return fluid below the piston 26 will
be dissipated to atmosphere by bleeding through a bleed opening 71
formed between the drive blade 28 and a washer 72.
In accordance with the customary practice, there is provided a
resilient cushioning member or bumper 74 in the lower end of the
cylinder 18, defining a stop for the piston 26 when it is at the
end of its drive stroke. At this time the passageway 70 will be
aligned with the fluid inlet port 62 as indicated in FIG. 2.
In the event that the bumper 74 has deteriorated, so that the
piston 26 moves down the cylinder 18 further than desired, to the
position illustrated in FIG. 3, the passageway 70 will no longer
align with the fluid ports 62; the O-ring 66 of piston 26 will have
cleared past the fluid ports 62. Thus any pressurized fluid
entering the return air chamber 60 as the piston 26 travels past
the ports 62 will be discharged into the cylinder 18 above the
piston 26 and exhausted to atmosphere through the exhaust valve
assembly 32, and the piston 26 will not return upon completion of a
drive stroke. Under normal conditions, fluid will leak only
momentarily through the small port 70, until the fluid pressure
beneath the piston discharging through the least resistant port 64,
raises the piston to its fully retracted position. When the piston
is displaced below the larger port 64, as caused by deterioration
of the bumper, a much higher proportion of the stored fluid will
escape above the piston as this flow is no longer restricted
through the small passage 70. A substantial decrease in chamber 60
fluid pressure will result, preventing the full return of the
piston. The tradesmen will be required to replace the fastener
driving tool and to have the tool serviced so that the bumper 74
may be replaced.
The control valve assembly 22 includes a trigger valve 78, a safety
valve 80, and a cycling valve 82. As is known in the art, the
safety valve 80 includes an actuator rod 84 connected by linkage to
move down when the nosepiece 38 of the fastener driving tool is in
engagement with the workpiece, and is programmed to prevent firing
or cycling of the tool when the nosepiece 38 is not in engagement
with the workpiece. The trigger valve 78 includes a trigger 86
which may be depressed to a first position, illustrated in phantom
as 86' in FIG. 6, and represented in FIGS. 9 and 10 to provide for
single-fire operation of the tool 10, and further depressible to a
second position illustrated in phantom in FIG. 6 as 86",
represented in FIG. 11 wherein there is provided autofire operation
of the tool 10 so long as the trigger is held in the depressed
position. Any suitable means may be provided for positioning the
trigger depression into its intermediate position; however in the
illustrated embodiment there is provided a pneumatic bias to the
trigger 86 such that for depression of the trigger 86 to its
intermediate position 86' the trigger 86 is brought to bear against
an outwardly biased piston 90 riding within a cylinder 92
communicating with the fluid reservoir 16 through a passageway 94.
In order to further depress the trigger 68 into its position 86",
the trigger 86 must overcome the resisting bias of the piston 90,
depressing the piston 90 to the position illustrated in phantom in
FIG. 6. The cycling valve 82 is effective to control the return
movement of the fastener driving assembly 24 through its return
stroke and will control the return thereof through a single cycle
or through multiple repetitive cycles as called for by the function
of the trigger 86.
Advantageously the control valve assembly 22 including the trigger
valve 78, safety valve 80 and cycling valve 82 is housed within one
compact removable valve housing 98, best illustrated in FIG. 12.
Passageways may be die cast into the housing 98 and the housing 98
is readily secured to the housing 12 with the upper end thereof
retained by a suitable pin 100 and the lower end thereof fastened
by suitable screws or bolts 102. Advantageously the valve housing
98 may be readily removed for repair and replacement.
Referring now to the valves in the control valve assembly 22, the
cycling valve 82 includes a differential cycling valve cylinder 108
defined within the valve housing 98, closed at both ends, and
slideably receiving a cycling valve spool or element 110 of a
differential diameter type. The cycling valve cylinder 108 has an
upper large diameter portion 108a and a lower small diameter
portion 108b. The cycling valve spool 110 has an enlarged upper
portion 110a received within the large diameter portion 108a, and a
lower small diameter portion 110b slideably receivable within the
small diameter portion 108b. Additionally the cycling valve spool
110 is provided with a large sealing ring 112 defining a valve
piston and a pair of spaced small diameter O-rings 114 and 116
spaced apart from the O-ring 112 and carried on the small diameter
portion 110b. A first cycling port 118 opens into the end of the
small diameter portion 108b of the valve cylinder 108. A second
cycling port 48a opens into the lower end of the small diameter
portion 108b of the valve cylinder 108 intermediate the stroke of
the O-ring 116, and connects through passageway 48 to the upper
surface of the ring member 40 of the cylinder valve assembly 20. A
third cycling port 122 opens into the small diameter portion 108b
of the valve cylinder 108 intermediate the stroke of the small
diameter O-rings 114 and 116. A fourth cycling port 124 opens into
the valve cylinder 108 intermediate the large O-ring 112 and the
spaced small O-ring 114 throughout their travel. A fifth cycling
port 126 opens into the end of the large diameter portion 108a of
the valve cylinder 108 and is connected by a signal passageway 128
(FIG. 8) to a source of signal fluid, here shown as connected to
the return air chamber 60.
The trigger valve 78 includes a valve cylinder 140, open to the
atmosphere at its upper end, and slideably receiving a trigger
spool valve 142, the upper end of which is engaged by a projecting
finger 86a of the trigger 86 to be actuated thereby. The trigger
spool valve 142 contains three spaced O-rings 144, 146 and 148. The
trigger spool valve 142 is movable from a normal position, with the
tool at rest, as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, to an intermediate
or single-fire position as illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10, to a
fully depressed or autofire position as illustrated in FIG. 11. The
valve cylinder 140 is provided with an annular exhaust passageway
150 formed around the upper protruding end of the valve spool 142.
A first trigger port 152 opens into the valve cylinder 140
intermediate the normal and displaced positions of the valve O-ring
144. A second trigger port 154 opens into the valve cylinder 140
intermediate the stroke of the trigger spool valve 142 between the
valve O-rings 144 and 146. A third trigger port 156 opens into the
valve cylinder 140 intermediate the travel of the valve O-ring 146
from the single-fire position to the autofire position and is
connected to the fourth port 124 of the cycling valve 82 by a
passageway 158. A fourth trigger or exhaust port 160 opens into the
valve cylinder 140 intermediate the travel of the valve O-rings 146
and 148, and exhausts to the atmosphere. A fifth trigger port 162
opens into the closed lower end of the valve cylinder 140, and is
connected to the second trigger port 154 by a passageway 164, and
to the reservoir by a passageway 165.
Referring now to the safety valve 80, the safety valve 80 is
defined by a safety valve cylinder 172 containing a safety spool
valve 174 joined to the actuating rod 84 for movement therewith.
The safety spool valve 174 carries three spaced O-rings 176, 178
and 180 defining or forming a pair of annular passageways 182 and
184 therebetween. A first safety port 186 opens into the annular
passageway 182 formed by the O-rings 176 and 178, and is connected
to the first trigger port 152 by a passageway 188. A second safety
port 190 opens into the valve cylinder 172 intermediate the travel
of the O-ring 178, and is connected to the first port 118 of the
cycling valve 82 by a passageway 192. A third safety port 194 opens
into the valve cylinder 172 into the annular passageway 184, and is
connected to the trigger ports 154 and 162 by a passageway 196, and
further interconnects these trigger ports with the third port of
the cycling valve 82 through a passageway 198. An adjustable needle
valve 204, FIG. 8, restricts the fluid flow through the signal
passageway 128, thereby providing the regulation of the repetitive
cycling rate of the tool 10 when in the autofire position.
From the above detailed description, the operation of the control
valve assembly 22 is believed clear. However, briefly, it will be
understood that the control valve assembly has three operable
positions; namely a normal position, with the valve elements as
illustrated in FIG. 5; a single-fire position with the trigger and
safety valve as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, and the cycling valve
cycling between the positions also therein indicated; and an
autofire position, with the safety and trigger valves in the
position illustrated in FIG. 11 and the cycling valve movable
between the position illustrated in FIG. 11 and the position
illustrated in FIG. 10 repetitively so long as the trigger 86 is
maintained in the fully depressed position.
More specifically, and referring to the normal or at rest position
of the tool, in this position the upper surface of the ring member
40 is maintained at reservoir pressure through the trigger port
162, passageway 196, safety port 194, annular passageway 184,
safety port 190, passageway 192, port 118 in the cycling valve,
port 48a, and passageway 48 to maintain the ring member 40 down and
closed against the top 18a of the cylinder 18.
The tool 10 will not operate unless both the trigger valve 78 and
safety valve 80 are actuated. Thus if the safety valve 80 alone is
actuated, then the flow of pressurized fluid between the safety
ports 190 and 194 will be blocked by the O-ring 178, but the upper
surface of the ring member 40 will not be exhausted to atmosphere
and thus the tool 10 will not fire. More specifically, the upper
surface of the ring member 40 remains pressurized by the fluid
supplied to the port 190 over the fluid conveying system including
the passages 196, 164, the port 154, the clearance between the
O-rings 144 and 146, the port 152, the passage 188, the port 186,
and the clearance between the O-rings 176 and 178.
When it is desired to operate the tool 10 as a single-fire tool, it
is necessary that the safety valve 80 be actuated to the operative
position, as illustrated in FIG. 9, and that the trigger valve 78
be actuated to its intermediate position as also therein
illustrated. In this position the upper surface of the ring valve
40 will be exhausted to atmosphere through the passageway 48,
cycling ports 48a and 118, passageway 192, safety ports 190 and
186, passageway 188, trigger port 152, and through the exhaust
passageway 150 thus opening the cylinder valve assembly 20 and
driving the fastener driving member 24 through a fastener driving
cycle. At the same time the differential portion of the cycling
valve 82, intermediate the large and small O-rings 112 and 114,
will be exhausted to atmosphere through the cycling port 124,
passageway 158, trigger port 156, and trigger port 190. As soon as
the drive piston 26 reaches the end of its drive stroke, the return
air chamber 60 will be pressurized by the flow of pressurized fluid
through the passageway 70 and fluid inlet port 62. The pressure
will instantly act on the upper large diameter portion of the
cycling valve 82 through the passageway 128 and cycling port 126.
Since there is no counter bias to the cycling valve 174, the
cycling valve 82 will instantly shift from the position illustrated
in FIG. 9 to the position illustrated in FIG. 10. At this time
pressurized fluid will flow from the reservoir by means of the
trigger port 162, passageway 198, and cycling ports 122 and 48a
through passageway 48 to the upper surface of the ring member 40 to
close the ring member 40 against the open upper end 18a of the
cylinder 18. This permits exhaust of the upper end of the cylinder
18 and the pressurized fluid which has now built up in the return
air chamber 60 will be effective to return the piston 26 to its
normal or at rest position. Moreover since there is no force on the
cycling valve 82 tending to return the cycling valve 82 back to its
original position, it will remain in its displaced position so long
as the trigger is held in the single-fire condition. Upon release
of the safety and/or the trigger from the single-fire position,
pressurized fluid will be admitted to the closed lower end of the
cycling valve to the port 118, in like manner as described in
connection with FIG. 5, and the cycling valve 82 will be returned
to its normal position.
When it is desired to operate the tool 10 in the autofire position,
it is necessary that the trigger 86 be fully depressed against the
resisting bias of the piston 90, depressing the trigger spool valve
142 to the position illustrated in FIG. 11. Under these conditions
there is provided a return bias to the cycling valve 82;
specifically the differential portion of the cycling valve spool
110 will be connected to reservoir pressure through the port 124,
passageway 158, trigger ports 156 and 154, passageway 164, and
trigger port 162 which is connected to the reservoir through the
passageway 165. As soon as the piston 26 reaches the end of its
driving stroke, as illustrated in FIG. 2, fluid pressure will build
up within the return air chamber 60. This pressure will be
transmitted through the signal passageway 128, past the needle
valve 204, and into the upper closed end of the portion 108a of the
cycling valve cylinder 108. As soon as the pressure in this end of
the valve cylinder 108 builds up to a sufficient magnitude to
overcome the return bias on the differential diameter portion of
the valve spool 110, the cycling valve spool 110 will shift to its
down position, as illustrated in FIG. 10. Because the rate of
pressure buildup in the valve cylinder 108 from the signal
passageway 128 may be regulated by adjusting the needle valve 204,
the speed at which the cycling valve spool 110 shifts can be
controlled, and thus the cycling rate of the tool is selectively
controlled. As soon as the cycling valve spool 110 is shifted to
its downward position, pressure will once again be applied to the
upper surface of the ring valve 40 in like manner as described in
connection with FIG. 10. Specifically the reservoir fluid from the
trigger port 162 will flow through passageway 198 and cycling
passageways 122 and 48a, through passageway 48 to the upper surface
of the ring member 40. At the same time the air pressure below the
piston 26, effective to return the drive piston 26 upwardly through
a return stroke, will be depleted by leakage through the bleed
opening 71. The pressure of the fluid in the closed upper end of
the portion 108a of the cycling valve cylinder 108 will be bled off
the atmosphere and the return bias pressure acting on the
differential diameter portion of the cycling valve spool 110,
applied through the trigger port 162, passageway 164, trigger ports
154 and 156, passageway 158, and safety port 124, will be effective
to more or shift the cycling valve spool 110 back to its upper
position, to the position illustrated in FIG. 9. At this point the
cycling valve 82 is reset to exhaust the cylinder valve assembly 20
and to repeat the cycling operation of the tool.
Although the present invention has been described by reference to
only a single embodiment, it will become apparent that numerous
modifications and embodiments may be devised by those skilled in
the art, and it is intended by the appended claims to cover all
modifications and embodiments which will fall within the true
spirit and scope of the present invention.
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