U.S. patent number 3,636,949 [Application Number 04/850,694] was granted by the patent office on 1972-01-25 for inhalation-initiated aerosol dispenser.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Armstrong-Kropp Development Corp.. Invention is credited to Willis A. Kropp.
United States Patent |
3,636,949 |
Kropp |
January 25, 1972 |
INHALATION-INITIATED AEROSOL DISPENSER
Abstract
For dispensing to a respiratory patient single discharges of
metered aerosol medication, a conventional aerosol container
designed to deliver in response to a single actuation a metered
amount of aerosol compound, is combined with a chamber partly
formed by a breath-operated membrane linked with a spring-retained
catch and latch actuator which on release by the
inhalation-deflected membrane presses on the metering valve of the
container delivering a single discharge in exactly timed relation
with the patient's breathing, and also opens a valve communicating
with the outside, to admit free air during the final part of the
aerosol discharge for continued inhalation. The actuator linkage
and the air valve have to be reset by hand to ready the device for
the next cycle of operation. In an especially compact embodiment, a
unitary housing fully encloses the aerosol bottle which is inserted
through an opening closed by a retention cover hinged to the
housing. A flexible strap serves as a protective cover for the
mouthpiece and the air ingress valve, as well as for resetting the
mechanism which it locks when covering the valve and the
mouthpiece. The actuator linkage has two straight levers at right
angles with the catch and latch at their intersection, and the
spring tangentially correlated with the breath-responsive
membrane.
Inventors: |
Kropp; Willis A. (Warner,
NH) |
Assignee: |
Armstrong-Kropp Development
Corp. (West Roxbury, MA)
|
Family
ID: |
25308865 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/850,694 |
Filed: |
August 8, 1969 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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759652 |
Sep 13, 1968 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
128/200.23 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M
15/0091 (20130101); A61M 15/0026 (20140204); A61M
15/0096 (20140204); A61M 15/009 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61M
15/00 (20060101); A61m 011/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/173,173.3,184,185,194,201,208,211,266 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Howell; Kyle L.
Parent Case Text
The present invention is a continuation-in-part of the copending
application of Willis A. Kropp, Ser. No. 759,652, filed Sept. 13,
1968, now abandoned.
Claims
I claim:
1. An inhalation-actuated dispensing device adapted to receive a
conventional aerosol container of the type having a container body
and a valve means mounted on said container body, said valve means
releasing a metered amount of aerosol compound when moved toward
said container body and reloading upon moving away from said
container body and to actuate said valve means to release said
metered amount of aerosol compound at a predetermined portion of
the inhalation phase of a breathing cycle, said device
comprising,
a walled chamber,
an apertured portion of said chamber forming a mouthpiece,
aperture means in said chamber in the vicinity of said mouthpiece
for receiving the valve means portion of said container within said
chamber in position to discharge said metered amount of aerosol
compound through said mouthpiece,
means for at least temporarily retaining said aerosol container in
a fixed position relative to said chamber with the body of said
container outside said chamber and the valve means portion in
position within said chamber,
a window in said chamber remote from said mouthpiece,
an air-deflectable member comprising a movable wall portion
associated with said window and adapted to move between a first
position in which said movable wall portion at least substantially
fills said window and a second position toward the interior of said
chamber relative to said first position,
a linking lever pivotally mounted within said chamber,
said linking lever having a catch means and a portion associated
with said movable wall portion to cause said lever to move about
said pivot responsive to the motion of said movable wall
portion,
an actuating lever pivotally mounted within said chamber,
said actuating lever having a latch means adapted to cooperate with
the said catch means on said linking member and having a portion
adapted to press against said valve means on said aerosol
container,
spring means to bias said movable wall portion to the said first
position and correspondingly said catch toward the said latch and
to move said actuating lever into pressing engagement with said
valve means when said catch and said latch are released,
said movable wall portion, said linking lever, said catch, said
latch, said actuating lever and said spring means together
constituting an actuating mechanism,
resetting means associated with said actuating lever and passing to
the outside of said chamber adapted to move said actuating lever
against the force of said spring means to remove said actuating
lever from pressing engagement with said valve means and to move
said latch into position to contact and engage said catch,
air valve means associated with said actuating mechanism at a
position remote from said mouthpiece relative to said valve means
to admit air freely from the outside of said chamber responsive to
the motion of said movable wall portion from said first position to
said second position,
said chamber, when said movable wall portion is in said first
position, being substantially isolated from the ingress of free air
except through said mouthpiece,
whereby when said actuating mechanism is in a normal cocked
condition with the movable wall portion in said first position and
with said catch means contacting said latch means, the egress of
air from said chamber through said mouthpiece as in the inhalation
phase of a breathing cycle actuates said actuating mechanism by
causing said movable wall portion of said air deflectable member to
move from said first position to said second position thereby
rotating said linking lever about its pivot releasing said catch
from said latch thereby releasing said actuating lever to press
against said valve member releasing a metered charge from said
aerosol container, the actuation of said actuating mechanism
simultaneously opening said air valve means to freely admit outside
air into said chamber.
2. An inhalation-actuated dispensing device as claimed in claim 1
wherein said movable wall portion includes a plate member which
substantially fills said window when in said first position with
the peripheral edge of said wall portion in close proximity to but
separated from the rim of said window.
3. An inhalation-actuated dispensing device as claimed in claim 1
wherein said movable wall portion includes a flexible membrane
means extending over said window and affixed to the rim
thereof.
4. An inhalation-actuated dispensing device as claimed in claim 1
wherein said movable wall portion includes a bellows ring means
arranged in flexing relation between the periphery of said wall
portion and the rim of said window.
5. An inhalation-actuated dispensing device as claimed in claim 1
wherein said means for retaining said aerosol container in a fixed
position relative to said chamber includes a shell means formed
integrally with said chamber, a ledge portion of said shell means
surrounding said aperture means for receiving the valve means
portion of said container adapted to receive in sealing engagement
that portion of the container body surrounding said valve means,
and means for retaining said container body and pressing the same
against said ledge.
6. An inhalation-actuated dispensing device as claimed in claim 5,
wherein said shell means comprises a container housing and said
means for retaining said container body comprises a movable member
associated with said container housing adapted to press against
that portion of said container body opposite said valve means.
7. An inhalation-actuated dispensing device as claimed in claim 6,
wherein said movable member comprises a container-holding lid
pivotally mounted at one end to said housing and provided with a
ratchet lock adapted to engage corresponding teeth on the wall of
the container housing at the other end.
8. An inhalation-actuated dispensing device as claimed in claim 5,
wherein said shell means is generally cylindrical in shape, is
provided with end closing means including an elastic biasing member
adapted to press against that portion of said container body
opposite said valve means and an intermediate disconnect
portion.
9. An inhalation-actuated dispensing device as claimed in claim 8,
wherein said disconnect portion comprises a bayonet joint.
10. An inhalation-actuated dispensing device as claimed in claim 1
wherein said resetting means includes a pull strap and a cover
means, said cover means adapted to removably cover said
mouthpiece.
11. An inhalation-actuated dispensing device as claimed in claim
10, wherein said cover means includes means wherein when said cover
means covers said mouthpiece there is sufficient tension on said
strap to retain said latch beyond the contact point with said catch
whereby accidental movement of said movable wall portion will not
uncock said activating mechanism.
12. An inhalation-actuated dispensing device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein said linking lever and said actuating lever are
substantially straight members, said linking lever being pivotally
mounted at an intermediate point with said portion associated with
said movable wall portion on one face of said lever on one side of
said pivot and said catch on the opposite face of said lever on the
other side of said pivot and said actuating lever being pivotally
mounted at one end adjacent said mouthpiece having said latch means
at the end opposite said pivot and the portion adapted to press
against said valve means on one face of said lever intermediate
said pivot and said latch.
13. An inhalation-actuated dispensing device as claimed in claim
12, wherein said spring means extends under tension generally
parallel to said linking lever between a point on said actuating
lever adjacent said latch and a point associated with said wall of
said chamber beyond the portion of said linking lever associated
with said movable wall portion.
14. An inhalation-actuated dispensing device as claimed in claim 13
wherein the side of said spring rests against a point on said
linking lever adjacent the portion of said lever associated with
said movable wall portion thereby biasing said movable wall portion
toward said first position.
15. An inhalation-actuated dispensing device as claimed in claim 12
wherein said air valve means comprises an air valve body mounted on
said actuating lever adjacent said portion adapted to press against
said container valve means but on the opposite face of said lever
and an associated air admission port in the wall of said
chamber.
16. An inhalation-actuated dispensing device as claimed in claim 15
wherein said resetting means is a strap member passing from the end
of said actuating lever through an aperture adjacent said air
admission port in the wall of said chamber, said strap member
having a cover portion adapted to removably cover said mouthpiece
and an intermediate widened portion adapted to cover said air
admission port opening when said mouthpiece cover portion is in
covering position.
17. An inhalation-actuated dispensing device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein said linking lever and said actuating lever are each a
bellcrank pivoted at a midpoint, wherein the portion of said
linking lever associated with the movable wall portion is adjacent
the end of a first arm of said linking lever bellcrank and said
catch means is adjacent the end of a second arm of said linking
lever bellcrank, and wherein said latch means is adjacent a first
arm of said actuating lever bellcrank and said portion of said
actuating lever adapted to press against said valve means is at a
midportion of said first arm of said actuating lever bellcrank.
18. An inhalation-actuated dispensing device as claimed in claim
17, wherein said spring means comprises a spring mounted under
tension at one end to an intermediate portion of a second arm of
said actuating lever bellcrank and at the other end to the second
said arm of said linking lever bellcrank adjacent the pivot
thereof.
19. An inhalation-actuated dispensing device as claimed in claim
17, wherein said resetting means is located near the end of said
second arm of said actuating lever bellcrank
20. An inhalation-actuated dispensing device as claimed in claim
17, wherein said air valve means comprises an air valve body
mounted adjacent the end of said second arm of said actuating lever
bellcrank and an associated air admission port in the wall of said
chamber.
21. An inhalation-actuated dispensing device as claimed in claim
20, wherein said resetting means comprises a flexible member that
passes through said air admission port.
22. An inhalation-actuated dispensing device as claimed in claim 17
wherein said movable wall portion is mounted on an arm member,
which arm member is slidably engaged at its opposite end with the
pivot for said actuating lever bellcrank and the end of said first
arm of said linking lever bellcrank is slidingly engaged to a pin
at an intermediate portion of said arm member.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to medicators of the type which dispense an
atomized compound from an aerosol container for inhalation such as
by respiratory tract patients.
2. Description of the Prior Art
It is now fairly common practice to dispense pharmaceutical
compounds from aerosol devices which upon triggering by finger
depression of their valves eject a metered amount of the
pressurized compound. Such finger-operated devices are less than
fully satisfactory because of the difficulty of obtaining exact
correlation of their control with the breathing rhythm of the
patient. Especially in the case of children and aged people, the
patient is in many instances unable to coordinate his breathing
with the valve manipulation. Also, conventional devices of this
type do not sufficiently guard against the application of
overdosages of respiratory drugs which are sometimes very potent
and may produce unwanted side effects. Dangerous overdosage is not
at all uncommon with such conventional devices because their users
are mainly patients who are short of breath and liable to
experience confused breathing of irregular cycle. Such patients are
tempted to provide additional inhalation by triggering their device
when they sense that their breathing is not deep enough or that the
previously discharged inhalation was not applied at the most
advantageous portion of the breathing cycle.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Objects of the present invention are to avoid the above-mentioned
difficulties with conventional aerosol respiratory devices, by
positively providing a single exactly metered discharge when the
inhalation force has reached the most suitable level for accepting
medication, and by allowing for the deepest possible penetration
into the patient's respiratory tract.
Specifically, the operational object of this invention includes
control by optimizing two factors. On the one hand, the preferred
embodiment affords sufficient breath-actuated pressure resulting
from adequate area so as to make available sufficient force to
operate the release valve with ample safety factor. On the other
hand, sufficient breath potential or differential with respect to
atmosphere is required to initiate operation and subsequent rapid
passage of air and pressurized medicament into the respiratory area
as the two pressure differentials are equalized which may be
likened to an implosion wherein air under ambient pressure rushes
to fill a void or partial void. This implosion principle
facilitates deeper medicament penetration. In addition the present
invention provides any desired degree of volume so that operation
is limited to lung inhalation rather than sucking which is caused
by cheek contraction which is high in pressure differential but low
in volume. Evidence of sufficient volume within the breath chamber
responds to the relatively low pressure differential and high
volume of lung inhalation and this precludes operation by sucking
even though sucking force is much higher than inhalation force.
Further objects are to minimize overdosage by requiring manual
resetting previous to each discharge, to amplify prior to use the
minimal power source which an average person can produce by way of
an inhalation pressure, namely approximately one-half p.s.i.g. to
make operation independent of correlation between spontaneous
breathing and conscious valve operation, and to utilize the
metering provisions of readily available aerosol devices which
provide the metered recharge immediately upon each previous
discharge without a special metering manipulation.
Objects peculiar to the second embodiment described are optimal
compactness, built-in provisions whose use is inherently induced
after completed inhalation for the purpose of resetting the
mechanism as well as completely closing all openings of the
dispenser permitting it to be carried in a pocket or bag, and, in
spite of complete safety and effectiveness in operation,
inexpensive construction and manufacture which permit use either as
a disposable or as a reusable appliance.
For accomplishing these and other objects, the invention combines a
conventional aerosol container designed to furnish upon pressure
exertion on its nozzle member a single metered discharge, with
discharge-actuating mechanism within a control chamber which
receives the nozzle member through a sealed opening. The control
chamber has, in addition to a sealing opening for the aerosol
container, a movable wall portion (such as a membrane, bellows, or
piston component) of appreciable area to provide ample unit
pressure, an inhalation and discharge aperture for the user, and an
air admission valve port. The discharge-actuating mechanism within
the chamber is capable of storing energy for release as a force
operating the valve nozzle member, and a valve body for closing the
valve port during energy-storing condition. The actuating mechanism
releases the operating force responsive to movement of the said
wall portion in response to a pressure transfer member, when the
pressure within the chamber is reduced by inhalation at the
discharge aperture. In the embodiment described, the actuating
mechanism includes a catch which upon movement by the
breath-deflectable member releases a normally engaged latch in
response to a deflecting inhalation. The released latch puts into
action a spring which causes the mechanism to press on the nozzle
member of the aerosol container to release a single metered
discharge, and to move the valve body to open the valve port. The
actuating mechanism is very compact so that the control chamber can
have ample volume with a large breath-responsive wall portion,
giving the beneficial effect herein explained.
Repetition of the single discharge cycle is possible only upon
reengagement of catch and latch and tensioning of the spring by
manual resetting of the mechanism, such as by a flexible member
projecting from the valve body through the valve port.
The breath-deflectable wall portion exerts unit pressure on a
transmitting member and triggers the actuating mechanism, whereas
the nozzle pressure force is supplied by the spring.
In one embodiment described, the latch and the catch are carried at
adjacent ends of levers such as two bellcranks pivoted on the
chamber wall, the spring is floatingly arranged between the two
cranks, and the breath-deflectable member is a membrance stretched
over a window of the chamber which membrane is force transmittingly
associated with the catch lever by way of a pressure plate that is
linearly guided within the chamber.
In the second embodiment described, the latch and the catch are
disposed on straight levers arranged at right angles with the latch
and the catch at their intersection, the catch responding to the
breath-actuated wall portion. This mechanism is actuated by a
spring which, upon release by the catch of one lever, of the latch
of the other lever, forces the latter to impinge on the nozzle
piece of the aerosol dispenser associated therewith. The spring
biases the movable wall portion directly, by tangential contact
therewith. The resetting mechanism is a strap wide enough to serve
as a cover for the air admission valve port and for the inhalation
aperture on which it can be locked. This strap, when pulled without
closing aperture and valve, resets the actuating mechanism to
tensioned position ready for inhalation release. However, when the
inhalation aperture and the value port are closed, the unit will
not operate, since the closing of aperture and port serves the dual
purpose of sealing and preventing spurious operation while in
transit.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevation of the device according to a first
embodiment of the invention, seen from the side of the
mouthpiece;
FIG. 2 is a section on lines 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a section similar to FIG. 2 of the control compartment
only, with the air valve open, the latch and catch levers
disengaged upon actuation of the membrane, and with the aerosol
container discharging;
FIG. 4 is a section on lines 4--4 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a section on lines 5--5 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 indicates a modification with undivided casing;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary section on line 2--2 indicating a
modification with a bellows device instead of the membrane of FIGS.
2 to 5;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary section on line 2--2 indicating a further
modification with a piston instead of the membrane;
FIG. 9 is a side elevation and FIG. 10 is a top view of a second
embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a section on lines 11--11 of FIG. 9 showing the
resetting and cover mechanism in locked position, with the latch
slightly beyond cocking position to permit return to latch and
catch engagement after accidental depression of the membrane;
FIG. 12 is a fractional section similar to FIG. 11 but showing
latch and catch in cocked position upon unlocking and release of
the resetting strap;
FIG. 13 is a section similar to FIG. 11, showing the dispenser in
operation during inhalation;
FIG. 14 is a section on lines 14--14 of FIG. 11;
FIG. 15 is a section on lines 15--15 of FIG. 11;
FIG. 16 is a fractional section on line 16 of FIG. 11, showing the
hinge of the bottle holder;
FIG. 17 is a view of the multiple purpose strap;
FIG. 18 is a front elevation of the discharge nozzle;
FIG. 19 is a bottom view of the discharge nozzle; and
FIG. 20 is an elevation of the linking lever.
DESCRIPTION OF A FIRST EMBODIMENT
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the apparatus according to this
embodiment of the invention is completely enclosed in a casing 10
which is divided into a control and discharge chamber 11 and a
container shell 12. The chamber 11 and the shell 12 are joined by
means of a bayonet joint as indicated at 14 of FIG. 1. The shell
carries a pin and the chamber a corresponding slot 14.1 which
constitute the said bayonet connection. The shell 12 has an elastic
member, such as rubber biasing cushion 15 (FIG. 2) and the chamber
has a sealing gasket 16 which together securely hold the
conventional aerosol bottle 20 within the shell, between the shell
bottom 12.1 and the ledge 21 of the chamber which surrounds an
opening 20.1 for the neck of the bottle. The discharging valve
nozzle 21.1 of the container, on stem 21.2, reaches well into the
chamber into the proximity of, and for actuation by the projection
68 of lever 61, as will be described below. The compartment 11 has
four indentations 18.1, 18.2 (FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4) and 19.1, 19.2
(FIGS. 2, 4) which form interior recesses accommodating the
actuating mechanism and provide walls for mounting pins, as will be
described below.
The control and discharge chamber 11 has the above-mentioned
bottle-holding ledge and indentations, and in addition a mouthpiece
22 constituting a suction and discharge aperture, an actuator
window 23, and a valve port 24. The actuator window is covered by
an air-pressure-deflectable member such as a plastic membrane 26
stretched over the opening of window 23 and suitably sealed to the
adjacent rim 23.1 of the compartment.
A pressure member 31 has a flat disc-shaped portion 32 in
force-transmitting relationship with the air-pressure-deflectable
member such as membrane 26. Two arms 33 and 34 extend downwardly
from the disc 32. These arms carry pins 36 and have slots 37, 38
(FIGS. 2, 3, and 5). The slots 37, 38 slide on a pin 39 pressed
into the walls 41, 42 formed by the indentations 19.1, 19.2, as
indicated in FIGS. 2, 4 and 5. As shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5 the
pin 39 also serves as a pivot for the hub 62 of the actuating lever
to be described hereinbelow, in addition to guiding the slots 37
and 38 of arms 33 and 34.
A linking lever 51 is pivoted on pin 52 fixed on the walls 43, 44
of the indentations 18.1, 18.2 mentioned above, as shown in FIG. 4.
This linking lever is a bellcrank with a hub 53 (FIG. 4) for pin
52. One arm 51.5 has at its end a catch surface 55 (FIGS. 2 and 3).
The other arm 51.2 is forked at its end as indicated at 51.21 and
51.22 (FIGS. 3 and 4). Each tine 51.21, 51.22 is slotted to provide
insertion of articulating pins 36 of the arms 33, 34 of the
pressure member 31.
An actuating lever 61 in the shape of a bellcrank similar to the
linking lever 51, is pivoted with a hub 62 on the pin 39 which, as
mentioned above, also guides the arms 33, 34 of the pressure member
31. At the end of its arm 61.1, the actuating lever 61 has a latch
64 (FIG. 5). The other arm 61.2 of the actuating lever 61 carries a
stud 63 with a valve body 65 (FIGS. 2 and 4). This valve body 65 is
made of material capable of sealing the valve opening 24, such as
soft rubber. The stud 63 has attached thereto a cord 66 with
suitable gripping means such as a ball 67 which permits one to
reset the mechanism by pulling thereon, as will be described. A
projection 68 of the latch arm 61.1 of actuating lever 61 is
arranged for contacting the valve nozzle 21.1, fitting over the
conventional stem 21.2, both being conventional parts of the
aerosol container 20.
A spring or similar force-exerting means 71 is stretched between
the actuating lever and the linking lever, biasing the actuating
latch bellcrank 61 as well as the linking bellcrank 51 in clockwise
direction, normally retaining the catch and latch portions 55, 64,
in contact. It will be noted that the clockwise torque on 51 is
slight as compared to that of 61. The valve member 65 is made of
material having considerable compression latitude so that the
relative positions of the latch and catch members are not
critical.
As shown in FIG. 6, the shell can be made integral with the aerosol
bottle as indicated at 12.1 and provided with bayonet slots 14.1 to
fit corresponding pins of the compartment with the mechanism. This
arrangement makes the bottle proper a supplementary part of the
valve, precludes the use of undesirable compounds and facilitates
labeling.
Instead of the above-described membrane constituting a movable wall
portion of the chamber 11, a bellows device such as shown in FIG. 7
can be used. In that figure, the rim of the chamber window 23.1
carries, suitably sealed thereto, a commercially available bellows
ring 26' which is on its inner periphery similarly sealed to a
plate 32' which is somewhat larger than the disc 32 of FIG. 2.
A further modification is shown in FIG. 8. In this figure, the
chamber 11 has an extended cylindrical rim portion 23', and the
plate 32" has an inwardly extending sleeve 26". In order to obtain
the desirable sensitivity, sufficient sealing without excessive
friction has to be provided to fulfill the requirement of easy
response to inhalation without resort to sucking.
The operation of the above-described device is as follows.
In normal position the control apparatus within the chamber 11 is
in the position shown in FIG. 2, with the catch 55 and the latch 64
engaged, the valve 24, 65 closed and the pressure extension 68 of
crank 61 distanced from the nozzle portion 21.1 of the aerosol
device 20.
When the patient inhales through the mouthpiece 22, the membrane 26
is deflected inwardly, the inhalation force being dependent upon
the area of the membrane. Upon moving inwardly, the membrane
presses against the disc 32 of the pressure member 31 which causes
the bellcrank 51 to rotate counterclockwise against the force of
spring 71, which however in this leverage position exerts only a
minimal torque. Upon the counterclockwise rotation of bellcrank 51
the catch 55 releases the latch 64 and the bellcrank 61 thereupon
is moved clockwise by the spring. This movement takes place with
considerable force and the projection 68 of 61 presses on the top
surface of the aerosol valve 21.1, causing it to deliver its single
metered discharge. At the same time, with bellcrank 61 rotating
clockwise, the valve body 65 is lifted from the seat 24 allowing
free air to enter the inside of the chamber and this air is inhaled
by the patient somewhat subsequently to the discharge proper. The
inhalation vacuum level required for operating the device and the
ingress of atmosphere through the valve 24, 65 can be readily
predetermined to facilitate deep penetration of medicament into the
respiratory tract of a patient.
Upon delivery of this single discharge which cannot be repeated by
consecutive inhalations, the device has to be reset by pulling the
ball 67 which rotates bellcrank 61 counterclockwise, closes the
valve 24, 65 and reengages the latch and catch members of the two
bellcranks, and lifts the actuating projection 68 from the nozzle
member 21.1 of the aerosol container. The device is thereupon ready
for the next discharge.
DESCRIPTION OF A SECOND EMBODIMENT
This embodiment has an ultimately integral casing indicated at 100
in FIGS. 9, 10 and 11, consisting initially of two shells 101, 102,
respectively, which after assembling the internal mechanism are
temporarily joined by interlocking the tongue and groove profiles
indicated at 100.1 in FIGS. 14 and 15. These profiles are molded
around the shell edges, excepting the five openings to be described
below. The two shells are mirror images of each other, excepting
for a few details such as locating pins which are standard
expedients in this technique of fabricating molded articles.
As indicated in FIGS. 10, 11, 13, 14 and 15, the housing which will
now be treated as an entirety such as after permanent sealing of
the two shells, has two sidewalls 105, 106, a front wall 107, a
partition 108, a mouthpiece 122, a valve port 124, and an insertion
opening 125 for the aerosol container. The housing wall opposite
the partition 108 is initially open with a peripheral groove 101.1
and a lip 101.2 (FIG. 11) to which the air-deflectable member such
as the membrane 126 is sealed upon completion of the assembly. The
partition 108 leads into the front wall 107 with a ledge portion
121 which surrounds an opening 120.1 for the neck of the aerosol
container 120. As compared to the first embodiment which is shown
with a normally upright aerosol container, in this embodiment the
container is shown as being inserted with its discharging valve
nozzle block 121.1 and stem 121.2 pointing downwardly. The nozzle
block reaches into the actuating lever 161 as will be described
below.
In addition to the above-described openings, the housing has a slit
124.1, next to the valve port 124, for insertion of a resetting
strap 182 to be described below.
The opening 125 for inserting the bottle is provided with a
bottle-holding lid 112 which is hinged to the sidewalls 105, 106 by
means of two stubs 112.1 (FIG. 16), one extending on each side,
which are pivoted in corresponding recesses 112.2 of the walls. At
the other end of the lid 112 is a ratchet lock with a grip handle
112.5 and teeth 107.1, 107.2 on either side thereof (FIG. 10) which
engage corresponding teeth 107.5, 107.6 on either side of a cutout
107.8 (FIGS. 10 and 11) of the wall 107. By means of the grip
112.5, the respective teeth can be engaged thereby firmly pressing
the aerosol container 120 against the ledge 121 thus securely
attaching and satisfactorily sealing it to the housing. This
ratchet lock of the bottle holder accommodates a generous tolerance
latitude for somewhat varying lengths of bottle 120. It will be
noted that crevices around the bottle-holding lid 112 are
pneumatically inconsequential because the bottle compartment is
sealed from the rest of the housing at the ledge 121.
The membrane 126 of yielding material has a groove between two lips
as indicated at 126.1 (FIGS. 11, 14 and 15), shaped to engage the
corresponding peripheral groove 101.1 and lip 101.2 of the housing
100.
As shown in FIG. 15 the insides of walls 105, 106 of the housing
are provided with recessed bosses 201, 202, 203, 204 serving to
receive the stud fulcrums of the levers to be described below. In
addition, the sidewalls have recesses, similar to the lid pivot
recesses marked 112.2 in FIG. 16, to accommodate a pin 172 for the
fixed end of spring 171.
The pressure-collecting member consists in this embodiment of a
plate 132 (FIGS. 11 and 14) with two flanges 133, 134 which have
split pivot holes 135 (FIG. 11) for receiving the pivot pin 136 of
the linking lever 151. The plate 132 extends practically over the
entire area of the membrane 126, as shown in FIGS. 11, 14 and
15.
The linking lever 151 (FIGS. 11, 14, 15, 20) is pivoted on two
studs 151.1, 151.2 in the recessed bosses 202, 204 above described
with reference to FIG. 15. The linking lever also incorporates an
arcuately moving pin 136 extending on either side of the hub 136.1,
engaging and pivoted in the split holes 135 of the two flanges 133,
134 of the pressure plate 132. The saddle 137 of lever 151 receives
the lateral bias of the spring 171 (FIGS. 11 and 14). The other end
of the linking lever 151 is molded to form between the studs 151.1
and 151.2 a catch face 155 as shown in FIGS. 11 and 20. The
above-described parts of the linking lever 151 are molded in one
piece.
The actuating lever 161 (FIGS. 11, 14 and 15) has two flanges 161.1
and 161.2, and a web 161.3 with a cross bridge 162.4. The web 161.3
has a bulge or cam projection 168 for contacting the nozzle block
121.1 of the aerosol container during operation as indicated in
FIG. 13. The actuating lever 161 is pivoted on two studs 161.6 and
162.7 (FIG. 15) in the recessed bosses 201 and 203 of the housing.
Opposite the pivot 161.6, 162.7, the actuating lever has latch
faces 162 recessed on the two flanges 161.1, 161.2 and thus adapted
to engage the catch face 155 of the linking lever 151. Opposite the
bridge 162.4, the web 161.3 carries a valve body 165 of material
capable of sealing the valve opening 124, such as soft rubber as
described in the first embodiment. Attached to a lip 163 of the
actuating lever is a cover and strap member indicated generally at
181 with a pull strap 182, a breathing aperture cap 185 and a pull
tab 186 (FIGS. 9, 11, 13 and 17). The end of the strap 182 passes
through the slit opening 124.1 of the housing and is scored just
outside thereof as indicated at 183 in FIGS. 11 and 17. A tab
portion 184 of the strap is sufficiently long and wide to cover the
valve aperture 124 at the bottom of the housing as indicated in
FIGS. 11 and 9 and then widens to form the cap portion 185. It ends
in a tab and locking portion 186 which has a lip 187 formed to
interlock with a corresponding rim 188 of the breathing aperture.
If this locking arrangement is disengaged and the strap 181 hangs
down, the scored strap end 182 (and a portion of 184) which is
attached to the lever 161 is capable of passing through the slit
124.1, permitting the lever 161 to move inwardly.
At the swinging end of the lever 161 is provided a hole 180 for a
hook at one end of the spring 171 which is at its other end
attached to the pin 172 inserted between two recesses of the
housing, as above described. This spring 171, stretched between the
points 172 and 180, contacts the saddle 137 of the linking lever
151 at its moving pivot on the pressure plate 132, biasing the
pressure plate towards the membrane 126.
The two flanges 161.1, 161.2 of the actuating lever 161 secure the
nozzle block 121.1 against rotation while permitting it to be
distanced from the aerosol-releasing bulge 168 of the actuating
lever web 161.3. As indicated in FIGS. 18 and 19, the nozzle block
has preferably on its lower face an indicator, such as an arrow 191
in order to facilitate insertion of the bottle with the nozzle 192
pointing in the correct direction.
The above-described embodiment is made from suitable plastic
material, such as medium impact styrene for the internal mechanism
and the housing proper, a softer material such as "Thermolastic"
available under that trade designation from the Shell Company for
the breath-responsive membrane, and polypropylene for the cover 181
with tab and cap and the bottle holder 112.
For assembling the inhaler, the mechanism with the two levers, the
spring, the pins, and also the strap and bottle holder are in
proper relation located in one shell, and the other shell is then
snapped on by means of the tongue and groove edges. The membrane is
applied in similar fashion. The two shells may then be permanently
sealed to each other, and the membrane to the shells, by applying
ultrasonic vibration energy in the manner well known in the art of
fabricating plastic articles.
The sealed housing is essentially a parallelepiped with the
membrane 126 forming one long and narrow side thereof, the
container opening in one short and narrow side, the air admission
port in the other short and narrow side, and the suction and
discharge aperture at the edge formed by the other short and narrow
side and the long and narrow side opposite the membrane. The
partition 108 of the bottle compartment is parallel to the membrane
112, and the bottle-sealing ledge 121 is normal thereto.
The operation of the above-described second embodiment of the
invention is as follows:
In order to make the inhaler ready for operation, the bottle holder
112 is opened, an aerosol container 120 of suitable size is
inserted, and the holder 112 secured with the lock 112.5. During
insertion of the container, the nozzle block is advanced through
the opening 120.1 of the rim 121 until paralleled by the two
flanges of the actuating lever 161 as shown in FIG. 15. Correct
placement of the nozzle opening 192 is facilitated by the arrow
embossed on the block, as shown in FIG. 19. The cover 184 is by its
tab 186 pulled over the valve port 124 and the mouthpiece 122, and
secured by engaging the tab with the lip 188. In this condition the
device is secured against accidental operation including depression
of the membrane 126 and can be safely carried in a pocket or bag.
The disengagement of latch 162 and catch 155, as shown in FIG. 11
provides a condition which precludes inadvertent discharge and the
necessity for recocking should the membrane be accidentally
depressed sufficient for normal operation.
For using the inhaler, the strap 181 is released at its locking
portion 187, 188 to uncover the mouthpiece 122 and also the valve
port 124. Subsequent to inhalation, it will then be in the position
shown in FIG. 13. As indicated by the facial silhouette in FIG. 13,
prior to inhalation the opening 122 is inserted in the mouth of the
patient who can easily hold the inhaler in one hand since it can be
made very small, such as not more than about 4 inches high. The
first inhalation will deflect the membrane 126 as indicated in FIG.
13, moving the pressure member 132 against the pressure of spring
171 at its saddle 137, which is incidental to operation but
essential for resetting. The lever 151 turns on its pivots 151.1
and 151.2 and releases the catch 155 from the latch 162 of the
actuating lever 161. This lever, turning on its pivots 161.6, 161.7
is pulled forcefully upwardly by the spring 171, and its
impingement projection 168 pushes the nozzle block 121.1 upwardly,
thus causing the aerosol container to discharge as indicated by
arrows in FIG. 13. Air is simultaneously admitted through port
124.
As described above with reference to the first embodiment, the
above-outlined single discharge cannot be repeated by consecutive
inhalation since the latch and the catch are safely disengaged with
the nozzle block 121.1 fixated by the tension of the spring 171.
For repeated use, the device has to be reset by pulling on the
strap 181 which will turn the lever 161 downwardly for engagement
of its latch 162 with the catch 155 of the linking lever 151. The
operation can then be repeated, or if the treatment is for the time
being terminated, the tab 186 may again be engaged at 188 thus
safely securing the lever 161 in its triggered position and at the
same time closing the mouthpiece 122 with the cap 185, and the
valve with the strap 182. It will be evident that storing of the
cocked device with the cover 181 hanging down would be quite
inconvenient, the tab reminding the user of the insecured position,
and providing strong inducement to lock the cap.
Due to the present peculiar coordination of the latch and the
catch, as comparatively indicated at FIGS. 11 and 12, respectively,
the secured resetting strap locks the biasing member by snubbing
action which prevents spurious operation, during travel for
example, as follows. As indicated in FIG. 11, the catch and latch
surfaces 155 and 162 are separated when the mouthpiece is closed,
rendering ineffective any accidental movement of the membrane 126
and the linking lever 151. Thus, if the moving walls were
accidentally depressed the mechanism will return to a position in
readiness for operation when the accidental depressing force is
removed. When the mouthpiece cap and resetting strap are released,
the two surfaces 155 and 162 will contact as shown in FIG. 12, thus
perfecting readiness for triggering by a comparatively very slight
inhalation pressure pulling at the inside of the membrane.
It will now be evident that the second embodiment facilitates
manufacture and provides a particularly simple as well as
accidentproof and tamperproof construction. It was found that the
spring as used in the second embodiment provides strong
aerosol-releasing impact energy for actuating the trigger
arrangement, but provides a lesser trigger-cocking force more
softly but also more effectively responsive to slight inhalation
under pressure, by biasing the linking member against the side of
the spring at right angles to a line subtending the spring
anchorage points.
It should be understood that the present disclosure is for the
purpose of illustration only and that this invention includes all
modifications and equivalents which fall within the scope of the
appended claims.
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