U.S. patent number 3,628,541 [Application Number 04/865,532] was granted by the patent office on 1971-12-21 for method of producing shaped tobacco products and shaped products produced thereby.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Tamag Basel AG. Invention is credited to Monique Beringer, Paul Buchmann, Laszlo Egri.
United States Patent |
3,628,541 |
Buchmann , et al. |
December 21, 1971 |
METHOD OF PRODUCING SHAPED TOBACCO PRODUCTS AND SHAPED PRODUCTS
PRODUCED THEREBY
Abstract
A method is provided for producing shaped tobacco products.
Comminuted tobacco material, having an average grain size of up to
about 100.mu. is mixed with an aqueous solution having a pH of
about 6 to about 10 and containing, in an amount up to about 15
percent by weight of the tobacco material, a substance selected
from the group consisting of inorganic base, organic base, alkali
metal and ammonium salts and mixtures thereof to form an aqueous
slurry. The slurry is subjected to a temperature of not greater
than about 100.degree. C. for a period of up to about 45 minutes to
form a pulp. To the resulting pulp is added from about 0.5 to about
3 percent by weight based on the weight of the tobacco of a binding
agent. Products are shaped from the resulting pulp and the shaped
products are dried at a temperature of from about 60.degree. to
about 100.degree. C.
Inventors: |
Buchmann; Paul (Basel,
CH), Egri; Laszlo (Basel, CH), Beringer;
Monique (St. Louis, FR) |
Assignee: |
Tamag Basel AG (Basel,
CH)
|
Family
ID: |
27428513 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/865,532 |
Filed: |
October 10, 1969 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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393410 |
Aug 31, 1964 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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Sep 2, 1963 [CH] |
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10817/63 |
Mar 5, 1964 [CH] |
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2851/64 |
Apr 3, 1964 [CH] |
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4241/64 |
Jun 5, 1964 [CH] |
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7367/64 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
131/355;
131/370 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A24B
15/12 (20130101); A24B 3/14 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A24B
3/00 (20060101); A24B 3/14 (20060101); A24B
15/00 (20060101); A24B 15/12 (20060101); A24b
003/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;131/17,15,140-144 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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562,786 |
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Jul 1944 |
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GB |
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871,952 |
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Jul 1961 |
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GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Rein; Melvin D.
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No.
393,410, filed Aug. 31, 1964 now abandoned.
The present invention relates to a novel method for producing
shaped tobacco products and to the shaped products produced
thereby. In particular the instant method relates to the production
of reconstituted tobacco sheet material having substantial
advantages over the previously known methods and products. In
accordance with the present invention a product is provided which
maintains the tobacco flavor and at the same time attains the
physical properties desired in a reconstituted tobacco product.
As is known to the art, the cellular units of tobacco plant leaves
are held together by a substance contained in the middle lamella.
The substances of such middle lamellae consist, in addition to
hemicellulose, pentosans and lignins, of high-polymeric
polygalacturonic acid, more or less esterified with methanol, said
acid comprising a large number of galacturonic acid units (varying
according to the treatment of the tobacco). These are linked with a
1,4-glucosidic bond. Long molecules similar to the kind present in
cellulose are formed by this linking. The partially esterified
polygalacturonic acid is called pectin.
Pectin is contained in tobacco in an amount of up to 20 percent.
Pectin has the task in the tobacco of holding together the cellular
unit. The fixing of the adhesive mechanism, primarily to guarantee
water insolubility, occurs in plants by entrance of calcium and/or
magnesium in the carboxylic group liberated by saponification of
the ester. It is supposed that the free carboxylic group in two
adjacent pectin molecules is occupied by magnesium or calcium. The
calcium and magnesium salts are water insoluble. The
high-polymeric, saponifiable and/or hydrolyzable products present
in tobacco can be degraded to water soluble or swellable and
adhesive substances, respectively.
Based upon this knowledge, a novel method for the production of
shaped tobacco products has now been developed.
In the previously employed methods for producing shaped tobacco
products, and more particularly tobacco sheets, one was forced to
employ binding agents in relatively large amounts, preferably in
amounts of more than 10 percent, whereby the individual tobacco
particles were held together to form a sheet. However, the flavor
of the resultant product was negatively influenced. Moreover, the
binding agents gave rise to additional costs.
Recently, methods have been developed whereby tobacco sheets can be
produced either by treating finely ground tobacco for several hours
in water or other solvents at temperatures of below about
100.degree. C., or by a relatively shorter treatment but with the
use of super atmospheric pressure and temperatures exceeding
100.degree. C.
There is a disadvantage in these known processes in that the sheets
formed thereby have a partially undesired dark color. Moreover,
valuable tobacco ingredients are thereby decomposed by these known
processes because of the necessary intensive aqueous treatment
which either lasts for several hours or is conducted at high
temperatures. In this way the quality of the resultant tobacco
product suffers.
The present invention provides a method for the production of
shaped tobacco products not suffering from the indicated
disadvantages.
The objects of the present invention are met by
A. preparing an aqueous slurry comprising
1. an aqueous solution having a pH prior to admixture with tobacco
of about 6 to about 10 and containing, in an amount up to about 15
percent by weight of the tobacco material, a substance selected
from the group consisting of inorganic bases, organic bases and
alkali-metal and ammonium salts of organic and inorganic acids.
2. comminuted tobacco material having an average grain size of up
to about 100.mu. to form an aqueous slurry,
B. subjecting the slurry to a temperature of not greater than
100.degree. C., for a period up to about 45 minutes to form a
pulp,
C. adding to the resulting pulp from about 0.5 to about 3 percent
by weight based on the weight of the tobacco of a binding
agent,
D. forming a shaped product from the resultant pulp by applying
said pulp to a substrate,
E. drying the resultant shaped product at a temperature of from
about 60 to about 100.degree. C., and
F. removing the dried product from the substrate.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A process for producing a tobacco sheet material which consists
essentially of
A. preparing an aqueous slurry comprising
1. an aqueous solution having a pH prior to admixture with tobacco
of from about 7.5 to about 9 and containing, in an amount of from
about 0.1 to about 5 percent by weight of the tobacco material, a
substance selected from the group consisting of alkali and ammonium
salts of acids from the group of formic acid, acetic acid, carbonic
acid, malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid and
polyphosphoric acid, alkali and ammonium hydroxides, ammonia,
ethylenediamine and mixtures thereof,
2. substantially dry comminuted tobacco material having an average
grain size of up to about 100.mu.,
B. subjecting the slurry to a temperature of not greater than
100.degree. C. for a period of about 15 to about 45 minutes to form
a pulp,
C. adding to the resulting pulp from about 0.5 to about 3 percent
by weight based upon the weight of the tobacco of carboxymethyl
cellulose or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,
D. forming a shaped product from the resultant pulp by applying
said pulp to a substrate,
E. drying the resultant shaped product of from about 60.degree. to
about 100.degree. C., and
F. removing the dried product from the substrate.
2. A method as in claim 1 wherein the tobacco material is selected
from the group consisting of cured and partially cured tobacco.
3. A method as in claim 1 wherein tobacco waste arising in the
tobacco industry is utilized.
4. A method as in claim 1 wherein the shaped product is a
sheet.
5. A method as in claim 4 wherein, prior to removal of the dry
sheet from the substrate, said sheet is sprayed with an aqueous
softener solution.
6. A method as in claim 5 wherein the softener is an aqueous
solution of a member of the group consisting of glycerol, sorbite,
and diethylene glycol and mixtures thereof.
7. A method as in claim 4 wherein the pulp sheet has a thickness of
about 0.5 mm.
8. A product produced in accordance with the method of claim 1.
Description
In accordance with the method of the present invention, comminuted
tobacco material having an average grain size of up to about
100.mu. which has not been subjected to a preliminary washing,
soaking or leaching treatment, is mixed with an aqueous solution
having a pH of about 6 to about 10 and containing, in an amount up
to about 15 percent by weight of the tobacco material, a substance
from the group of inorganic bases, organic bases, alkali metal salt
and ammonium salts and mixtures thereof. The thus formed aqueous
slurry is subjected to a temperature of not greater than
100.degree. C., for a period of up to about 45 minutes to form a
pulp. To the resulting pulp is added from about 0.5 to about 3
percent by weight based upon the weight of the tobacco of a binding
agent. The resultant pulp is then formed into a shaped product and
the resultant shaped product is dried at a temperature of about
60.degree. to about 100.degree. C.
In accordance with the present invention the tobacco-starting
material can be fermented (cured), partially fermented or
unfermented tobacco or tobacco waste or shreds such as arise in the
tobacco industry. This is inclusive of veins, stalks, tobacco dust
and stems and the like. It is not necessary in this invention to
conduct a preliminary washing step and thus the starting material
may contain impurities such as sand and the like. The starting
material can be that obtained from light tobacco or light tobacco
waste or shreds as well as from dark tobaccos or dark tobacco waste
or shreds.
It should also be pointed out that tobaccos having differing pH
values as well as mixtures thereof can be employed as starting
materials. For example so-called light, preferably uncured,
oven-dried or sun-dried (redried) tobaccos which have a pH value of
less than 6 in the main current smoke, such as Virginia, Orient,
Smyrna or waste thereof, for example, veins or stalks, may be
incorporated into comminuted cigar tobaccos and/or waste thereof
having a pH value of more than 6 in the main current smoke for
processing.
Materials that form poisonous or detrimental (noxious) substances,
such as hydrogen sulfide, hydrocyanic acid, nitroamines or carbon
monoxide in detrimental quantities in the main smoke stream of the
finished tobacco product are excluded as solvents and as additives.
(Main smoke stream is the inhaled portion of the smoke).
One of the essential benefits of the present invention is that the
tobacco product obtained according to the method, even when
produced only from tobacco waste materials, corresponds
substantially to the color of the tobacco material used as starting
material.
Additionally, the products obtained differ in aroma only
insignificantly, if at all, from the tobacco-starting material
initially employed.
The tobacco material used as starting material in the present
invention is comminuted prior to utilization. Preferably, the
tobacco-starting material is ground as finely as possible. This
grinding is effected with the aid of any desired grinding device.
Tests have shown that good results are obtained if the tobacco
material is reduced to an average grain size of about 50 to
500.mu.. It will be appreciated that good results can be obtained
if the tobacco material is reduced to an average grain size of even
below about 100.mu.. It is preferred that the average grain size of
the tobacco-starting material be up to about 50.mu..
The comminuted tobacco-starting material is mixed with an aqueous
solution having a pH of about 6 to about 10 to form an aqueous
slurry. The aqueous slurry is subjected to a temperature of not
greater than 100.degree. C., for a period of up to about 45 minutes
to form a pulp. In accordance with such treatment the
high-polymeric, saponifiable and/or hydrolyzable substances present
in the comminuted tobacco-starting material are made swellable or
adhesive. It is important that the slurry be subjected to a
temperature which is not greater than 100.degree. C., in view of
the fact that substantially higher temperatures will adversely
affect the product obtained.
The aqueous solution which is utilized to form the slurry has a pH
of from about 6 to about 10 and preferably from about 7.5 to about
9.0. The pH of the aqueous solution is adjusted prior to the
addition of the comminuted tobacco-starting material to form the
slurry. No adjustment in the pH is made after the addition of the
comminuted tobacco material. The aqueous solution consists of at
least one chemical substance which is either present per se in the
tobacco-starting material or has a composition such that its
aqueous solution yields, at least partially, the same ions as those
ions which are present in the original tobacco-starting material.
Among suitable substances contained in the aqueous solution are
alkali metal and ammonium salts and mixtures thereof of organic or
inorganic acids, free organic bases and free inorganic bases. As
inorganic bases there may be mentioned potassium hydroxide, sodium
hydroxide, ammonia and the like. Ethylenediamine may be mentioned
as an example of an organic base. As alkali metal salts or ammonium
salts, there may be mentioned those of organic acids, as for
example, formic acid, acetic acid, carbonic acid, malic acid,
citric acid and tartaric acid. Salts of phosphoric acids are also
utilizable. Mixtures of these basic salt materials can be utilized
to achieve the desired pH of the aqueous solution.
The concentration of the aqueous solution, or the amount of the
basic or salt materials used in the aqueous solution for the
regeneration of the high-polymeric materials, depends on the one
hand, upon the quality and upon the composition of the
tobacco-starting material to be treated, and, on the other hand,
upon the desired properties of the shaped tobacco product. In
general good results are obtained with a concentration of the
material of up to about 15 percent by weight of the dry substance
based upon the weight of the tobacco-starting material to be
treated. In particular the concentration will generally range from
about 0.1 to about 15 percent by weight of the tobacco starting
material although 0.1 to 5 percent is preferable.
By heating of the slurry to a temperature of not greater than
100.degree. C., for a period up to about 45 minutes, a pulp is
formed. This pulp is then utilized to form shaped products, which
products are dried at a temperature of from about 60.degree. to
about 100.degree. C., to obtain the final tobacco products of the
invention. The resultant pulp can be utilized in the formation of
the shaped product as it is or, preferably, further materials are
added prior to the shaping and drying.
In particular there can be added to the pulp from about 0.5 up to
about 3 percent by weight based on the weight of the
tobacco-starting material of a binding agent. This binding agent
may be an adhesive or adhesive mixture such as, for example, raw
pulp, ethyl, acetyl, methyl, carboxymethyl, hydroxyethyl
celluloses, pectins, carob bean kernel meal, agar-agar, manucol
(sodium alginate), guar gum, or other mucouslike adhesive
substances. In general this binder material is utilized in an
amount up to about 3 percent by weight based on the weight of the
tobacco-starting material. It has proven advantageous to operate in
the presence of at most about 2 percent by weight of a binding
agent or of a binding agent mixture when using light tobacco as the
starting material, or in the presence of up to about 3 percent by
weight of a binding agent or binding agent mixture when using dark
tobacco as the starting material. In particular the amount of the
adhesive or adhesive mixture employed will range from about 0.5 up
to about 3 percent by weight based on the weight of the tobacco.
Higher amounts will adversely affect the tobacco aroma.
There can also be added to the pulp a fibrous material as, for
example, mineral fibers, asbestos fibers, in order to increase the
tensile strength of the shaped product. Such materials must be
chosen so as not to interfere with the flavor and color of the
resultant product. In general any fibrous material which resists
burning under conditions whereby the tobacco is smoked will be
suitable. The fibrous material can be employed in amounts of up to
about 2 percent by weight based on the weight of the
tobacco-starting material.
Additional materials can, if desired, be added to the resultant
pulp prior to shaping. In particular, one can add, if desired,
catalytically active substances such as titanium compounds,
manganese compounds, and the like, for example, titanium dioxide,
manganese sulfate, manganese citrate or tartrate and/or
plasticizers such as for example glycerol, sorbite, diethylene
glycol and the like. By adding such materials, one can attain in
many cases a simultaneous improvement of the quality of the tobacco
material, as for example, better burning, milder smoke flavor or
decreased methanol content of the main current smoke. A
significantly improved water insolubility of the sheets can also be
obtained by the further addition to the pulp of preferably calcium
or magnesium salts, e.g., calcium formate, calcium lactate, calcium
gluconate, magnesium acetate, magnesium citrate, magnesium
gluconate, magnesium formate, and the like or mixtures of the
indicated materials.
Following the addition to the pulp of the additives as desired, the
resultant pulp is shaped into the desired form and dried at a
temperature of from about 60.degree. to about 100.degree. C.
Preferably the pulp is passed in a desired thickness onto a
bell-like support and dried substantially on this support whereupon
a dried sheet material is obtained and removed from the support in
a per se conventional manner. Before the removal of the sheet it is
desirable to treat the sheet by, for example, spraying onto such
sheet an aqueous solution of a plasticizer as, for example,
glycerol, sorbite, or diethylene glycol. The plasticizer causes the
sheet to maintain a certain plasticity. Amounts of from about 2 to
about 5 percent by weight based upon the weight of tobacco of the
plasticizer can be employed. The belt moves through a drying zone
wherein the shaped material is dried and the sheet material is then
removed from the belt by per se conventional means, as for example,
by the use of a doctor blade.
The drying of the shaped material may be in a conventional manner
such as IR-irradiation, warm or hot air, or by direct heating of
the belt.
The shaped tobacco products produced according to the present
invention, as for example, sheets, can be used as cover sheets for
cigars, cigarillos and the like. They can also be used for the
production of tobacco for cigarettes by reducing such sheets in a
conventional manner to very small pieces, thus allowing the
ultimate use of all waste tobacco materials resulting in the
tobacco industry.
The following examples are illustrative.
EXAMPLE 1
1.0 kg. of finely ground cigarette tobacco or waste material from
cigarette production including veins, e.g., a tobacco material
which consists primarily of oriental or Virginia tobacco, is
slurried in 6 liters of an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution
(0.01- 0.1 percent concentration) and heated for 30 minutes at
80.degree. to 90.degree. C. After cooling, 0.5 percent by weight of
a calcium salt, based on the tobacco weight, e.g., calcium
gluconate, is added. The aqueous, and as far as possible,
homogeneous, pulp is then applied in the desired thickness of about
0.5 mm. onto an endless steel belt in accordance with a
conventional method. This belt is passed through a heating channel
at 60.degree. to 100.degree. C., the resulting sheet thereby having
its moistness removed while maintaining a certain plasticity.
Before removal, 2 to 5 percent by weight (based on the tobacco
weight) of an aqueous solution of plasticizer, e.g., glycerol,
sorbite diethylene glycol, is sprayed onto the sheet. The resulting
dried product can be removed in conventional manner from the steel
belt by means of a scraping device of known construction, and the
resulting tobacco sheet cut to the desired width and/or wound as a
roll of any desired length and width.
Proceeding in the above-indicated manner, 1.0 kg. of finely
comminuted Virginia tobacco resulting as waste from cigarette
production and having an average grain size of about 50 .mu. is
slurried in 6 liters of a 0.01 percent aqueous potassium hydroxide
solution. The slurry is heated for 30 minutes at a temperature of
90.degree. C., to obtain a pulp. The pulp is cooled and 0.5 percent
by weight based on the weight of the tobacco of calcium gluconate
is added. The pulp is applied in a thickness of about 0.5 mm. onto
an endless steel belt in accordance with conventional methods. This
belt is passed through a heating channel at a temperature of about
90.degree. C. Prior to removal of the sheet 5 percent by weight
based upon the weight of the tobacco of glycerine is applied to the
sheet by spraying an aqueous solution of glycerine onto the
sheet.
The resulting dried product is removed from the steel belt in
conventional manner and is taken up as a roll.
EXAMPLE 2
1.0 kg. of finely ground light cigarette tobacco waste material is
slurried in 6 liters of an aqueous ammonia solution having a pH of
7.5 to 10. The suspension is heated under reflux for 15 to 40
minutes at 100.degree. C. and stirred. The further processing, in
particular addition of a magnesium compound, e.g., magnesium
formate, and of a plasticizer, e.g., diethylene glycol, is effected
as in example 1.
In the manner indicated above, 1.0 kg., of finely comminuted
Virginia tobacco resulting from waste as cigarette production and
having an average grain size of about 50.mu. is slurried in 6
liters of aqueous ammonia solution having a pH of about 10. This
suspension is heated under reflux for a period of about 35 minutes
at a temperature of 100.degree. C. with stirring. In the same
manner as in example 1, 0.5 percent magnesium formate is added to
the pulp. The formation of and drying of the sheet material is in
the manner of example 1 with 5 percent by weight of diethylene
glycol being applied to the sheet prior to removal.
EXAMPLE 3
1.0 kg. of finely ground dark waste material of cigar or cigarette
tobacco is slurried in 4 liters of an aqueous ammonia or potassium
hydroxide solution having a pH of 7.5 to 10 . The working is
carried out as above and after terminating the saponification or
hydrolysis, respectively, 2 percent by weight of foreign pectin
(based on the tobacco weight) is added in the form of an aqueous
solution, as well as 1 percent of asbestos fibers (based on the
tobacco weight). After homogenizing well, the pulp is applied onto
the endless V4A belt and dried and removed in conventional
manner.
In the manner indicated above 1.0 kg. of finely ground dark waste
material from cigarette tobacco having an average grain size of
about 50.mu. is slurried in 4 liters of an aqueous solution of
potassium hydroxide having a pH of about 10. The slurry is heated
for about 35 minutes at a temperature of 100.degree. C. with
stirring. Upon cooling 2 percent by weight, based upon the weight
of tobacco, of pectin is added in the form of an aqueous solution.
In addition, 1 percent by weight, based upon the weight of tobacco,
of asbestos fibers are added. The mixture is homogenized to form a
pulp. The pulp is applied onto an endless belt to form a sheet in
the manner set forth in example 1. After initial drying the sheet
is sprayed with an aqueous solution of tartaric acid and again
dried. The sheet is removed from the endless belt in a conventional
manner.
EXAMPLE 4
1.0 kg. of finely ground cigar, cigarette tobacco or waste material
thereof having an average grain size of about 100 .mu. is slurried
in about 5 liters of an ammonium phosphate solution (0.1-0.4
percent concentration) or in 5 liters of water containing techn.
ammonia and techn. phosphoric acid, in stoichiometric proportion in
such an amount as to obtain an ammonium phosphate solution of 0.1-
0.4 percent concentration. The resulting suspension is heated for
15 to 40 minutes at 80.degree. to 90.degree. C. After cooling,
there is added 3-5 percent by weight of plasticizer (based on the
dry weight of the tobacco material), such as glycerol, sorbite,
diethylene glycol, etc., as well as, if desired to improve the burn
of the cigar sheets, 0.1 to 0.5 percent by weight of potassium
and/or magnesium formate (based on the dry weight of the tobacco
material) and the resulting viscous mass, after thorough
homogenization is applied in desired thickness onto an endless
steel belt. The sheet is dried and removed as in example 1.
In the above-indicated manner, 1.0 kg. of cigar tobacco waste
material having an average grain size of about 50 .mu. is slurried
in 5 liters of an ammonium phosphate solution having a
concentration of 0.4 percent. The resulting slurry is heated for 35
minutes at a temperature of 80.degree. C. After cooling there is
added 5 percent by weight, based on the weight of the tobacco
material, of diethylene glycol and 0.5 percent by weight, based on
the weight of the tobacco material, of potassium formate. The
resulting pulp is thoroughly homogenized. The resulting homogenized
pulp is utilized to form a sheet material in the manner of example
1.
EXAMPLE 5
1.0 kg. of finely ground cigar, cigarette or pipe tobacco or waste
material thereof is slurried in about 6 liters of an ammonium
phosphate solution of 0.2-0.6 percent concentration or in 6 liters
of water containing techn. ammonia and techn. phosphoric acid in
stoichiometric proportion and in corresponding amount and heated
for 30 minutes at 70.degree.-90.degree. C. while stirring.
Thereupon, 1.0 kg. of finely ground tobacco preferably of the same
quality as the tobacco material previously used and 3 percent by
weight of sorbite, based on the dry weight of the tobacco material,
are introduced into the resulting mixture, whereupon 2 kg. of a
carboxymethyl cellulose solution having a 2 percent concentration
are added.
The resulting pulp is worked up into a sheet according to the data
in example 1.
In the above-indicated manner 1.0 kg., pipe tobacco is slurried in
6 liters ammonium phosphate solution of 0.6 percent concentration
and is heated for 30 minutes at 70.degree. C. while stirring.
Thereupon, 1.0 kg. of finely ground tobacco preferably used of the
same quality as the tobacco material previously used and 3 percent
by weight of sorbite, based on the dry weight of the tobacco
material, are introduced into the resulting mixture, whereupon 2
kg. of a carboxymethyl cellulose solution having a 2 percent
concentration are added.
EXAMPLE 6
A sheet is produced with 1.0 kg. of tobacco according to the data
in any one of examples 4or 5, an aqueous calcium gluconate solution
being sprayed onto the sheet before removing it from the steel
belt. The above procedure is repeated with magnesium citrate.
EXAMPLE 7
1.0 kg. finely ground tobacco is slurried in 4 kg. of an ammonium
formate solution having a 2.5-4 percent by weight concentration or
in 4 kg. of water containing stoichiometric amounts of techn.
formic acid and techn. ammonia in such amounts as to obtain a
solution having a 2.5- 4 percent by weight concentration.
The mixture is heated for 15 to 45 minutes at 70.degree.-90.degree.
C. while stirring. After a short time a pulpy, viscous mass forms
which, after addition of 3-7 percent by weight of a plasticizer
(based on the tobacco weight), such as glycerol, diethylene glycol,
sorbite, etc., and small amounts (1-3 percent by weight based on
the tobacco weight) of a binding agent, such as manucol, is applied
in a desired thickness onto a V4A steel belt. The pH of the
suspension is between 5.0 and 6.7 for cigarette tobacco, according
to the quality thereof.
Proceeding in the above manner, 1 kg. of finely ground tobacco is
slurried in 4 kg. of an ammonium formate solution (4 percent by
weight). The mixture is heated for 20 minutes at 80.degree. C.
while stirring. After a short time, a pulpy viscous mass forms
which after addition of 4 percent by weight of glycerine and 2
percent by weight of sodium alginate is applied. The pulp is
applied in a V4A steel belt and dried.
The drying is effected by conventional methods, such as
IR-irradiation, warm or hot air, or by direct heating of the belt,
the removal by the usual method of scraping off.
EXAMPLE 8
1.0 kg. of finely ground cigar, cigarette tobaccos or waste
material thereof is mixed with up to 5 percent by weight of
polyphosphate based on the tobacco weight, and with 5 liters of
water. While stirring well, the mixture is allowed to stand for a
while. To this mixture are added 5-10 percent by weight of a
plasticizer, e.g., glycerol and 2 percent by weight of
carboxymethyl cellulose, based on the tobacco weight. The mixture
is homogenized and the resulting mass is spread onto a steel belt
in the desired thickness.
The further processing of the material is effected in the manner
described in example 1.
Waste tobacco material obtained in the production of cigarettes is
finely ground to an average particle size of about 50.mu.. 1.0 kg.
of this finely ground material is mixed with about 5 percent by
weight based on the weight of the tobacco of polyphosphate and with
5 liters of water. The mixture is stirred while heating at a
temperature of 80.degree. C. for about 45 minutes. To this mixture
is added 5 percent by weight, based on the weight of the tobacco,
of glycerine and 2 percent by weight based on the weight of the
tobacco of carboxymethyl cellulose. The mixture is homogenized to
form a pulp which is then processed into sheet material in
accordance with the manner of example 1.
EXAMPLE 9
1 kg. of tobacco material ground to a grain size of about 50.mu. is
first treated for 10 to 20 minutes with saturated steam
(100.degree. C.) after the addition of about 3 percent by weight of
sodium acetate, and thereupon mixed in mechanical mixers with water
to form a paste.
After adding 5-10 percent by weight of glycerol, the paste is
further worked up as in the above example 1.
In the above-described manner, 1.0 kg. of waste cigarette tobacco
material having an average grain size of about 50 .mu. is treated
for 15 minutes with saturated steam (100.degree. C). There is added
about 3 percent by weight based on the weight of the tobacco
material of sodium acetate and the resultant is mixed in mechanical
mixers with water to form a pulp. About 8 percent by weight, based
on the weight of the tobacco material, of glycerine is added along
with about 3 percent by weight, based on the weight of the tobacco
material, of carboxymethyl cellulose. The resultant paste is then
processed to form a tobacco sheet material in accordance with the
method of claim 1.
EXAMPLE 10
1.0 kg. of finely ground cigar tobacco is slurried with 0.25 to
0.35 percent by weight of solid potassium carbonate, based on the
tobacco weight, in 4- 6 liters of water, and further worked up as
in example 8.
The procedure described is followed utilizing 0.35 percent by
weight of solid potassium carbonate based on the weight of the
tobacco material in 6 liters of water. A very satisfactory sheet
material is obtained.
EXAMPLE 11
1.0 kg. of dark cigar tobacco (finely ground) is heated at
90.degree. C., with 10 g. asbestos fibers for 30 minutes with 1
percent by weight of ammonium phosphate in 3 liters of water. 1 g.
of an aqueous swollen pectin solution of 2 percent concentration is
then added after stirring well and adding 3 percent by weight of a
plasticizer, e.g., glycerol, whereupon the mixture is processed
according to any one of the above examples.
1.0 kg. of finely ground dark cigar tobacco having an average grain
size of about 50.mu. is, according to the above-described method,
heated at 90.degree. C. with 10 g. of asbestos fibers for 30
minutes in admixture with 1percent by weight, on the weight of the
tobacco material, of ammonium phosphate in 3 liters of water. To
this solution is added 1 kg. of an aqueous swollen pectin solution
having a 2 percent concentration. The resultant is stirred well and
to the mixture is added 3 percent by weight of glycerine, based on
the weight of the tobacco material. The resultant pulp is processed
in the manner of example 1 to obtain a tobacco sheet material.
The following comments apply to examples 12 to 19 set forth in
table 1.
The comminuted tobacco is slurried in an aqueous solution of the
volume of line D containing the percent by weight set forth in line
C. The slurry is heated for the time of line G at the temperature
of line F to obtain a pulp. The pulp is cooled as per line H and
binder is added as per line I. Fibrous material and potassium
formate is added to the pulp as per lines J and K, respectively.
The additions of lines L, M and N are carried out by addition to
the pulp in the following examples. However, such additions may
occur in any of the preceding steps or be sprayed on the resultant
sheets before completion of drying.
In example 15, line E, the 1.8 percent by weight relates to the
entire quantity of tobacco, thus including the second kilogram
added in accordance with line P. This second addition of tobacco
(which is of the same quality as the first addition) is made to the
slurry after cooling. ##SPC1## ##SPC2##
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