U.S. patent number 3,627,276 [Application Number 05/055,180] was granted by the patent office on 1971-12-14 for sample container and mixing apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Gilford Instrument Laboratories Inc.. Invention is credited to Saul R. Gilford.
United States Patent |
3,627,276 |
Gilford |
December 14, 1971 |
SAMPLE CONTAINER AND MIXING APPARATUS
Abstract
A sample container is mounted for rotation in a rack of carrier
with a plurality of other containers. The rack has bearings for
providing bearing engagement with the containers. Each container
has a corrugated outer surface and internal paddles. After reagents
have been added to the contents of the containers, a jet of air is
directed against the corrugations which act as turbine blades. The
containers each rotate in turn as it reaches the station where the
nozzle for the jet of air is located, whereby the contents of the
containers are thoroughly mixed prior to testing the same. The
containers may each be integrally molded or the corrugations may be
applied to a conventional container by means of a flexible collar
having the corrugations molded therein.
Inventors: |
Gilford; Saul R. (Oberlin,
OH) |
Assignee: |
Gilford Instrument Laboratories
Inc. (Oberlin, OH)
|
Family
ID: |
27489703 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/055,180 |
Filed: |
July 15, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
366/228; D19/85;
422/940 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B01F
9/0014 (20130101); B01L 3/508 (20130101); G01N
33/48 (20130101); B01F 13/0016 (20130101); B01F
11/0008 (20130101); B01F 9/10 (20130101); G01N
33/4905 (20130101); B01L 3/5085 (20130101); Y10S
436/826 (20130101); Y10S 436/818 (20130101); G01N
2035/00524 (20130101); Y10S 436/809 (20130101); B01F
2215/0037 (20130101); B01F 15/00571 (20130101); Y10S
436/814 (20130101); G01N 2035/0436 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B01F
11/00 (20060101); B01L 3/00 (20060101); B01F
9/10 (20060101); B01F 13/00 (20060101); B01F
9/00 (20060101); G01N 33/49 (20060101); G01N
33/48 (20060101); B01f 009/20 () |
Field of
Search: |
;259/49,50,51,53,54,57,58,81,88,89,90,14,15,30 ;233/24,26 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Jenkins; Robert W.
Claims
What is desired to secure by Letters Patent of the United States
is:
1. A carrier having a plurality of sample containers mounted
thereon and capable of being rotated on the carrier, each container
having external turbine blade means adapted to be driven by a jet
of air to rotate the container on the carrier.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 in which each of the containers has
internal baffle means to aid in the mixing of the contents of the
container during rotation thereof.
3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 2 in which each container has
the turbine blade means and baffle means integrally molded
therewith.
4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which each container has
a bottom stub journal and there are bearing means on said carrier
for receiving the said journals of the containers.
5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the turbine blade
means comprise a separate collar secured to each container.
6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which said carrier has a
plurality of receptacles journaled thereon, each receptacle having
the said turbine blade means, and each receptacle having a
container removably mounted therein whereby rotation of the
receptacles will rotate the containers.
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which said carrier has
means for laterally supporting the containers during the rotation
thereof.
8. A method of mixing reagents which comprises, adding reagents to
a sample container which has turbine blades on the exterior
thereof, mounting the container for rotation, and blowing a jet of
air against the turbine blades to cause the container to spin on
its axis.
9. A sample container carrier having a plurality of sample
containers mounted thereon, each container having a plurality of
external turbine blades on the exterior surface thereof, baffle
means on the interior thereof and a journal on the bottom end
thereof, said carrier having a plurality of thrust bearings
arranged along the length thereof and a plurality of openings for
laterally supporting a container in each of said openings, the
thrust bearings being formed in the base of said carrier and being
coaxial with the respective openings, the containers being mounted
with the journals in the respective thrust bearings and adapted to
be spun by air jets directed against said turbine blades.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This invention comprises an improvement of the apparatus disclosed
in the following copending applications:
Robert J. Emary application for Test Sample Carrier Transport
Apparatus, Ser. No. 816,360, filed Apr. 15, 1969; and
Saul R. Gilford, et al., application for Improvements to Sample
Carrier Transport Apparatus, Ser. No. 27,832, filed Apr. 13,
1970.
The assignee of the pending application is the same as the assignee
of the instant application.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The automatic transport apparatus disclosed in the above-mentioned
copending applications utilize sample containers which are held in
carriers and indexed relative to a testing station. The containers
disclosed are conventional and no provision is made for automatic
mixing of the contents thereof in such disclosure.
Automatic processing systems for performing chemical analysis
require the addition of reagents at various stages during the
analytical process. Of great importance following such steps is the
uniform mixing of the contents of the containers. In the case of
automatic transport apparatus, the containers are quite close
together and mixing is a problem. One cannot readily take each
container out of its carrier and shake the same, nor is it feasible
to use some form of mixing member manually.
The invention contemplates a structure in which the mixing is done
in the carrier and without handling the containers, this occurring
automatically while the apparatus is operating. The containers
remain in their carriers and pass through the testing procedure
without handling, but are mixed after the addition of reagents and
before testing.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The problems which have been described are solved in a simple
manner without affecting the basic geometry of the test sample
carrier transport apparatus. The cylindrical containers of the
apparatus are molded with turbine blades on their exterior and with
integral paddles on their interior. The bottom of the container has
a stub shaft journal which cooperates with a suitable bearing
formed in the bottom of the carrier in which the container is
mounted. Lateral support is provided for the container.
Each rack moves relative to a nozzle by means of which a jet of air
is directed against the turbine blades. This rotates the containers
one at a time at very high speed and thereby mixes the
contents.
Modified forms of the invention enable conventional containers to
be used by providing a collar having the blades molded thereon, and
engaging the collar over the container.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a rack or carrier for sample
containers and including several such containers constructed in
accordance with the invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a sample container with
turbine blades, and illustrating how it is rotated by a jet of
air.
FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the sample container of FIG. 2
showing how it is mounted in the carrier, a portion of the
container being broken away to show the internal details
thereof.
FIG. 4 is a view similar to that of FIG. 3 but showing a modified
form of sample container.
FIG. 5 is a view in section of still a further modified form of the
invention in which a conventional sample container may be used.
FIG. 6 is an end elevational view of the carrier, showing another
form of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken generally along the line 7--7 of
FIG. 3 and in the indicated direction.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a flexible collar capable of
converting a conventional test tube into a sample container for use
with the invention.
FIG. 9 a schematic diagram showing the system in which the
invention is used.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In FIG. 1 there is illustrated a carrier 10 which differs little
from those disclosed in the said copending applications except for
one modification, which will be described. There is a base 12
having a notch 14 to enable the moving mechanism of the transport
apparatus to translate the same. There is a notched plate 16 above
the base which cooperates with the testing mechanism as the carrier
is stepped from container to container during the testing of the
contents of the containers. The containers are shown at 18 with
their bottom ends engaging through suitable holes 20 formed in the
notched plate 16 and with their upper sides guided by the holes 22
formed on the member 24 mounted on the spacers 26. The angled
member 28 is a binary code identifying device which is described in
the second of the above-mentioned copending application.
Each of the containers 18 has externally molded turbine blades 30
formed in its surface. On its interior there are molded integral
baffle means in the form of paddles 32. At the bottom end of the
container 18 there is a stub shaft journal 34 which preferably
comes to a point 36 so that there is a minimum of bearing surface
when the container is mounted in the carrier 10.
The carriers have a single modification over those of the copending
applications. There is a bearing socket 38 formed in the base for
each container 18, this simply being a hole drilled in said base
coaxial with the holes 20 and 22. As seen from FIG. 3, when the
container 18 is in place, it is supported on the point 36 which
engages the bottom of the bearing 38. It is also supported
laterally by the sides of the opening 22 so that it is readily
capable of rotating.
In order to produce a rotational force, there is a nozzle 40
suitably located to blow a jet of air tangential to the container
18 in the vicinity of the turbine blades. This rotates the
container at a very high speed and produces the desired mixing.
Looking at FIG. 9, a schematic view illustrates the general
arrangement of an automatic testing device using the invention. The
carrier 10 is shown moving to the right. At one or more prior
stations 44 reagents are added to the contents of the container. At
a second station 46 the air jet is applied to cause the container
to rotate and mix the contents. At a third station 48 the testing
takes place. All of this can be done automatically with the
invention, using the structures which are disclosed in the
copending applications.
Preferably the container 18 is integrally molded from some inert
plastic such as polyethylene, with the turbine blades 30, the
paddles 32 and the stub shaft 34 all formed at the same time. Such
a container is quite economical and can readily be discarded after
one use.
Instead of making a special container, it is possible to use a
conventional container such as a test tube as shown at 50 and mold
a collar 52 of some plastic or elastomeric material with the
turbine blades formed therein. The rounded bottom 54 of the test
tube can rotate upon the surface of a socket 56 formed in the base
member 12. In FIG. 4 there is shown a simple container 60 with the
bottom end identical to that of the container 18, but with a collar
52 mounted thereon.
In FIG. 5 there is illustrated a structure in which the container
70 is a test tube that is adapted to fit into an adapter 72
permanently mounted for rotation on the carrier 10. In other words,
there is a receptacle 72 which has the bearing shaft 74 engaging
into a journal hole 76 always associated with the carrier. The tube
70 is readily removed.
If desired there may be another nozzle 40' and a mechanism for
operating the nozzles alternately so that the container will spin
first in one direction and then in another.
Although the structures of FIGS. 5 and 6 may not have the internal
paddles, it is preferred that there be some form of internal baffle
means to break up the contents during rotation.
Variations may be made without departing from the spirit or scope
of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
* * * * *