U.S. patent number 3,625,518 [Application Number 04/827,212] was granted by the patent office on 1971-12-07 for golf club head with complex curvature for the sole and/or the striking face.
Invention is credited to Karsten Solheim.
United States Patent |
3,625,518 |
Solheim |
December 7, 1971 |
GOLF CLUB HEAD WITH COMPLEX CURVATURE FOR THE SOLE AND/OR THE
STRIKING FACE
Abstract
A golf club is provided with a uniquely curved sole for
assisting the golfer in keeping the face of the club pointed in a
line to the target when, as the ball is addressed, the lie of the
club differs from the normal lie. The sole is curved upwardly from
the central portion to the heel portion and further curved upwardly
and away, at progressively greater rates, from the front face to
the rear face. The sole may also be curved from the central portion
to the toe portion and further curved downwardly and away at
progressively greater rates, from the front face to the rear face.
The face of a wood golf club is also provided with a bulge or
convex curvature about an axis in a first plane parallel to a plane
tangent to the center of the club face and lying in a second plane
parallel to the club shaft and passing through a line between the
center of the club face and the target at the time of addressing
the ball, and a roll or convex curvature about an axis
perpendicular to the bulge axis curvature. The radius of curvature
for roll is less than for bulge. The rear of the wooden head is
extended and tapered, and concentrated weights are placed as much
in the toe and the extended rear portion of head as possible.
Inventors: |
Solheim; Karsten (Phoenix,
AZ) |
Family
ID: |
25248596 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/827,212 |
Filed: |
May 23, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
473/330 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B
60/00 (20151001); A63B 53/0466 (20130101); A63B
53/047 (20130101); A63B 53/04 (20130101); A63B
53/0433 (20200801) |
Current International
Class: |
A63B
53/04 (20060101); A63b 053/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;273/77,78,79,80,167-175,193,162R,163,164,194 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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|
|
|
|
20,614 |
|
1906 |
|
GB |
|
739,403 |
|
Oct 1955 |
|
GB |
|
1,008,972 |
|
Nov 1965 |
|
GB |
|
258,723 |
|
Sep 1926 |
|
GB |
|
1,063,798 |
|
Mar 1967 |
|
GB |
|
Other References
"Popular Mechanics"; Vo. 128, No. 3; Sept. 1967; page 83; copy in
Grp. 334, 273/175.
|
Primary Examiner: Pinkham; Richard C.
Assistant Examiner: Apley; Richard J.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a wood-type golf club, a shaft having a longitudinal axis and
a head having a sole extending laterally from one end of said shaft
at an acute angle measured in a vertical plane between said axis
and a horizontal sole plane tangent to said sole, said head having
a striking face with a complex convex curvature so oriented that a
face plane tangent to a point at the approximate center thereof is
at a desired obtuse angle relative to said horizontal sole plane
measured in front of said face, said complex curvature consisting
of: a bulge formed as a first curvature of a predetermined constant
radius about a first axis defined by the intersection of two
planes, one of said two planes being parallel to said face plane
and the other of said two planes being both perpendicular to said
face plane and parallel to said shaft axis; and a roll formed as a
second curvature across said face and of a predetermined radius
significantly less than the radius of said first curvature, said
second curvature being formed about a second axis, said second axis
lying in a plane perpendicular to said face plane and perpendicular
to said shaft axis, said second curvature being oriented in every
segment of said face with its axis of curvature normal to said
first axis.
2. In a wood-type golf club as defined in claim 1 the further
improvement comprising said sole having a central portion tangent
to said sole plane along a central portion passing from directly
below said point to a rear edge of said head remote from said face,
said sole being curved upwardly and away from said sole plane
between said central portion and said shaft with a rate of
curvature progressively greater in successive planes parallel to
said face plane taken in sequence from said face plane to said rear
edge, where said successive planes are infinite in number to
provide a smoothly curved sole with the curvature more pronounced
toward said rear edge than toward said face plane.
3. In a wood-type golf club as defined in claim 1 wherein said sole
is curved upwardly between said central portion and an end of said
head remote from said shaft with a rate of curvature progressively
greater in successive planes parallel to said face plane taken in
sequence from said rear edge to said face plane, where said
successive planes are infinite in number to provide a smoothly
curved sole with the curvature more pronounced toward said face
plane than said rear edge.
4. In a golf club, a shaft having a longitudinal axis and an
elongated head extending laterally from one end of said shaft at an
acute angle measured in a vertical plane between said axis and a
horizontal sole plane tangent to the sole of said head, said head
having a striking face terminating in a front leading edge, a rear
face terminating in a rear edge remote from said front edge, toe
and heel portions, said sole having a complex curvature comprising,
a central portion tangent to said sole plane, said heel portion
being curved upwardly from said central portion towards the end of
the heel portion of the club head, said heel portion of the sole
being further curved upwardly and away from said front edge with a
rate of curvature progressively greater in successive planes
parallel to a striking face plane taken in sequence from said plane
of said striking face to said rear face wherein successive planes
are infinite in number to provide a smoothly curved sole with the
curvature more pronounced toward said rear edge than said front
edge, such complex curvature of the sole resulting in the upper
edge of the striking face of the club head opening up in a rotating
clockwise direction away from said vertical plane while maintaining
a line normal to said striking face in substantially the same
direction instead of to the left of the intended target when said
club is rocked backwards on said heel to decrease said acute
angle.
5. In a golf club, the combination as defined in claim 4 wherein
said toe portion also being curved upwardly from said central
portion towards the end of the toe portion of the club head, said
toe portion of said sole being further curved downwardly and away
from said front edge with a rate of curvature progressively greater
in successive planes parallel to said plane of said striking face
taken in sequence from the plane of said striking face to said rear
face wherein said successive planes are infinite in number to
provide a smoothly curved sole with the curvature more pronounced
toward said front edge than said rear edge, such complex curvature
of the sole resulting in the upper edge of the striking face of the
club head closing in a rotating counterclockwise direction toward
said vertical plane while maintaining a line normal to said
striking face in substantially the same direction instead of to the
right of the intended target when said club is rocked forwards on
said toe to increase said acute angle.
6. In a golf club, the combination as defined in claim 5 wherein
said head is for an iron-type club and is made of metal.
7. In a golf club, the combination as defined in claim 5 wherein
said head is for a wood-type club.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to golf clubs, and more particularly to
novel and improved head configurations.
It has become standard practice to design golf clubs with features
intended to compensate for a tendency to hook or slice the ball due
to an improper swing. This is particularly true of the longer
clubs, commonly referred to as woods, such as a driver, because
they produce more pronounced effects when the ball is hit off
center (i.e., when the ball is hit at a point displaced from the
"center" or "sweet spot" of the club face or off line (i.e., when
the ball is hit with the club face not square with its initial
intended line of travel).
An offcenter impact produces a hook or a slice because the impact
is either on the toe side or heel side of the center of gravity of
the club head, causing the face to open or close, Upon opening,
there is a tendency for both slicing and hooking spin to be
imparted to the ball, but the hooking spin predominates due to the
club head rotating about its "vertical" axis in one or the other
direction to cause the ball to spin about a parallel axis in the
opposite direction. For example, even though an open face will
initially change the direction of the ball toward the toe, the
hooking spin will bring the ball around violently across the
intended line of flight. Impact on the heel side of the club face
produces just the reverse result.
To compensate for the hooking and slicing effects of offcenter
impact with woods, manufacturers provide a bulge (a convex curve on
the face of the club about an axis in a plane passing through a
line to the target from the center of the club face and
perpendicular to the sole plate). The result is to produce a spin
on the ball due to the club face being effectively opened or closed
by the bulge enough to compensate for an opposite spin imparted to
the ball due to rotation of the club head when impact with the ball
is off center. Thus a convex bulge produces compensating forces on
the ball in flight to bring it back to within at least 10 to 20
yards of the intended line to the target, but not without some loss
in distance due to drag resulting from the spin imparted to the
ball.
The bulge also results in deeper penetration of the golf club head
into the center of the golf ball during impact. The result is that
the ball will leave the club head with greater velocity due to
reaction as the ball resumes its original shape. That is so because
golf balls are designed to have resilience, i.e., to have the
ability to deform against the club face upon impact and to spring
forcefully back into shape. This action and reaction is usually
further enhanced by providing a roll on the face of the club in the
form of a convex curve on the face of the club about an axis
parallel to the sole of the club. Since the axes of the two convex
curvatures (bulge and roll) are orthogonal, the roll has little
effect on the compensation introduced by the bulge in the form of
side spin. Roll will, however, tend to decrease spin of the ball
around a horizontal axis (back and top spin), and therefore
increase the distance the ball will carry in flight.
It has been discovered that the prior art bulge and roll on a club
face will not produce the exact desired results because they are
oriented about vertical and horizontal axes, respectively, which
presumes the ball is being struck with the club head oriented to
the normal lie with the sole of the club parallel to a horizontal
plane passing through the center of the ball. It also presumes that
the club head will rotate about an axis vertical to the sole plate
when offcenter impact with the ball is on the toe or heel. However,
in actuality the swing of the golf club at the moment of impact is
in a plane passing through a line to the target and substantially
parallel to the club shaft.
It sometimes happens that a golfer will consciously, or
subconsciously address the ball with a lie that is greater, or
smaller, than a normal lie. The lie of a club is the angle which
the shaft makes with a horizontal line tangent to the sole, and a
"normal" lie is that angle with the sole of the club also
horizontal. For a golfer to swing consistently with the normal lie
designed into the club by the manufacturer requires not only that
the length of the shaft be matched to the physical dimensions of
the golfer, but also that the golfer address the ball with the
proper stance (distance of his feet from the ball). A closer stance
will result in an increased lie and a further stance in a decreased
lie, where lie is the angle between the axis of the club shaft and
a horizontal line.
Variation in stance will require some changes in the mechanics of
the swing required to meet the ball squarely, and a golfer quickly
adjusts to that. However, a golfer may not realize that a variation
in stance (lie) will result in a decrease in loft and, what may be
more important, a more open face for a smaller lie further stance
and a more closed face for a greater lie closer stance. If the
golfer does realize this, he can compensate for it by rotating the
club slightly in his hands upon addressing the ball, but except for
extreme cases, such as for an uphill lie, the average golfer will
not think about it. It would be desirable to provide a golf club
which will effectively provide a "normal" lie for all stances
(within a reasonable range) by allowing the club face to be square
with the direction to the target as the golfer rests the club on
the ground just behind the ball in the usual manner of addressing
the ball, which is while adjusting his grip. The face may then be
deliberately opened or closed if such is desired.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, wood or iron clubs are
provided with heads having a central portion tangent to a
horizontal sole or ground plane from below a point at the
approximate center of the striking face of the club to a rear edge
of the club head remote from the striking face. That part of the
sole between the central portion and the shaft, which is connected
to the head at the heel, i.e., off one end of the striking face, is
curved upwardly and away from the sole or ground plane with a rate
of curvature progressively greater in successive planes parallel to
the striking face, or a plane tangent to the striking face at the
point approximately at the center of the striking face, the
successive planes being taken in sequence from the striking face to
the rear of the club head. The successive planes are infinite in
number to provide a smoothly curved sole with the curvature more
pronounced toward the rear of the club head than at the striking
face. That part of the sole between the central portion and the
toe, i.e. the end of the club head remote from the shaft, can also
be curved upwardly to advantage, particularly in wood-type golf
clubs, but with the rate of curvature progressively greater in
successive planes parallel to the face, or a plane tangent to the
striking face at the point approximately at the center of the
striking face, taken in sequence from the rear to the striking
face, with the number of successive planes again being infinite to
provide a smoothly curved sole with the curvature more pronounced
toward the striking face than toward the rear of the club head.
As another feature for wood-type golf clubs, the striking face is
provided with a complex curvature so oriented that a face plane
tangent to the approximate center of the striking face is at an
obtuse angle relative to a horizontal sole or ground plane tangent
to the sole measured in front of the striking face to provide the
golf club with loft. The complex curvature is comprised of a first
curvature of a predetermined constant radius about a first axis.
That first axis is formed by the intersection of two planes; one of
the two planes being parallel to the face plane and the other plane
being perpendicular to the face plane and parallel to the shaft
axis. The complex curvature is further comprised of a second
curvature across the striking face and of a predetermined radius
significantly less than the radius of the first curvature. The
second curvature is formed about a second axis lying in a plane
perpendicular to the face plane and perpendicular to the shaft
axis. The second curvature is oriented in every segment of the
striking face with its axis of curvature normal to the first
axis.
The novel features that are considered characteristic of this
invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims.
The invention will best be understood from the following
description when read in connection with the accompanying
drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a rear view of an iron golf club (with the shaft broken
away) illustrating one feature of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a heel view of a wood golf club illustrating various
features of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a toe view of the club of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a rear view of the club of FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 is a bottom (sole) view of the club of FIG. 2.
FIG. 6 is a front face view of the club of FIG. 2.
FIGS. 7 and 8 are sectional views of part of the club of FIG. 6
taken on the respective lines 7--7 and 8--8 to illustrate the bulge
and roll contours thereof, respectively.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1, a rear view of an iron club head 10 is shown
with the hosel 11 (to which the shaft not shown is attached) cut
away. The center, or "sweet spot," of the club face is on the other
side directly above a central portion 12 of the sole tangent to the
ground represented by a horizontal line 13. When held in that
position to address a ball, the lie (defined by the angle .alpha.
between the axis of the hosel and the horizontal line 13) is normal
and a line perpendicular to the center of the club face lies in a
plane passing through a line in the direction of the target.
If the lie .alpha. is decreased, the line perpendicular to the face
of the club would point in a direction to the left of the target if
the heel portion 14 were not curved up progressively more in
longitudinal sections parallel to the club face taken successively
from the face to the rear to allow the club head to seemingly open.
Thus, as the club head is rocked back on its heel to decrease the
lie .alpha., the upper edge of the club head 10 is permitted to
swing back away from the ball, thereby seemingly opening the face.
The actual opening of the club face is only with reference to the
upper edge of the club head 10, and not with reference to the club
face which, in accordance with this feature of the invention,
remains in substantially the same plane, thereby maintaining a line
normal thereto pointing in the same direction instead of to the
left. Similarly, if the lie .alpha. is increased, the line normal
to the face of the club would point to the right were it not for a
toe portion 15 being curved up progressively more in longitudinal
sections parallel to the club face taken successively from the rear
to the face, as indicated by the dotted line which represents the
leading edge of the club face from the central portion 12 out to
the toe of the club head 10.
This feature of maintaining the face of the club pointing in
substantially the same direction as the lie is increased or
decreased from normal may be better understood from a description
of the same feature for a wood club 16 in FIGS. 2 through 4 where
the curved portions of the sole may be more easily illustrated. A
horizontal line 17 on the sole of the club head corresponds to the
central portion 12 of the iron club illustrated in FIG. 1. It is
essentially a line comprising all points of the club sole tangent
to the ground for a normal lie .beta. shown in FIG. 4.
The heel portion 18 of the sole is curved upwardly progressively
more toward the rear 19 of the club 16 in such a manner as to bring
successive parallel lines (shown in perspective for purposes of
explanation only) in contact with the ground, thereby seemingly
opening the face 20 of the wood club 16 to maintain a line
perpendicular thereto at a point of tangency with a ball 21 (shown
in dotted line) pointing in substantially the same direction.
The rate at which the upper edge of the face 20 moves away from the
ball as the lie .beta. is decreased is less for a driver than, for
example, a No. 5 iron since the loft of a driver is about
10.degree. while for a No. 5 iron the loft is about 30.degree., and
the greater the loft of the club, the greater the face must be
seemingly opened. Although a mathematical relationship could be
developed for all clubs, none has been since it is sufficient to
design patterns for all clubs to maintain the direction in which
they point constant for a reasonable range of lies by simply
shaping the heel portion 17 to accomplish that for various degrees
of lie and then smoothing out the curvature, thereby interpolating
for intermediate lies.
A toe portion 22 shown in FIG. 3 is similarly provided but
oppositely curved as shown in FIG. 3 to achieve the same objective
described for the toe portion 15 of the iron club illustrated in
FIG. 1, as may be readily appreciated by comparing FIG. 1 and 4.
However, although this feature is illustrated for the toe as well
as the heel for both wood and iron clubs, it should be appreciated
that it may be omitted in the toe of irons or woods. In that case,
the direction in which a line perpendicular to the club face points
is maintained constant for only lies less than normal, and not for
lies greater than normal.
Another feature illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 is an extension and
taper of the rear portion 19 of the club head. In the past, wood
club heads have been provided with a greater bulge on the top and a
blunt rear portion, i.e., a trailing portion which terminates about
at a distance of less than three times the distance between a
leading edge 26 and the center of a hosel 29, or more precisely
about three times the distance between parallel planes tangent to
the leading edge and a plane passing through the center line 30 of
the hosel 29. This extended and tapered rear portion 19 extends a
minimum of three times that distance to provide a better
aerodynamic configuration, i.e., to reduce the wake of the head if
the wood club 16 which reaches velocities in the vicinity of 130
miles per hour during the swing. A further advantage of such an
extension is that it provides space more to the rear to place a
weight 25 at a significantly greater distance from the leading edge
26 of the face 20 as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 than would be possible
in prior art clubs. The weight 25 is placed in line with (behind) a
sweet spot illustrated as a small dotted circle 27 in FIG. 6.
A second weight 28 is placed near the face 20 of the club 16 and as
far out on the toe as possible, as may be more clearly seen in FIG.
6. The two weights 28 and 25, and the weight already concentrated
in the heel due to the mass of the hosel 29 and shaft 31, cooperate
to increase the moment of inertia for any offcenter impact with the
ball. The result is less of a tendency for the club head to rotate
about an axis parallel to the axis 30 passing through the hosel 29
due to an offcenter stroke, and of course few strokes are made at
the center (on the sweet spot 27). In other words, in this unique
distribution, weights 25 and 28 are dynamically balanced by the
hosel 29 and shaft 31 connected thereto to increase the resistance
of the club 16 to torsion when the ball is hit offcenter.
It has been discovered that the vast majority of strokes are made
with impact on a larger area of the face 20 than the sweet spot 27.
That larger area is indicated generally by dotted ellipse 32 having
its minor axis substantially parallel to the shaft axis 30.
Accordingly, to provide improved compensation for offcenter impact,
every segment of the face 20 is bulged (convexly curved) with a
first radius of approximately 10 inches, for example, about an axis
parallel to that minor axis, and rolled (convexly curved) with a
second radius of approximately 8 inches, for example, about an axis
parallel to the major axis of the ellipse 32, but always with a
greater radius of curvature for the bulge. In other words every
segment of the face is convexly curved with a constant radius about
an axis in a first plane parallel to a plane tangent to the center
27 of the club face. That axis lies in a second plane parallel to
the axis 30 of the club shaft. Every segment is also convexly
curved with a constant, and smaller radius about an axis
perpendicular to the axis of the bulge curvature. FIGS. 7 and 8 are
sectional views taken on the lines 7--7 and 8--8 of FIG. 6 to show
the bulge and roll contours (the curvatures about axes parallel to
the minor and major axes of the ellipse 32). In that manner, hook
and slice compensation is provided for lateral deviation of the
impact from the sweet spot along a line (major axis of the ellipse
32) perpendicular to the shaft axis 30 rather than parallel to a
tangent 33 to the sole of the club head 16. This is because any
tendency to swing out is accompanied by a tendency to raise the
club, and vice versa, as though the upwardly extended axis of the
club were fixed on a point, for that is what a golfer seeks to
achieve, namely a swing about a fixed point between his
shoulders.
Although reference has been made throughout to iron and wood clubs,
it should be understood that the reference is to types of clubs as
they are commonly called, and not to the type of material from
which the club heads are made. Accordingly, it is not intended that
the scope of the invention be determined by the disclosed exemplary
embodiments, but rather should be determined by the breadth of the
appended claims.
* * * * *