U.S. patent number 3,619,469 [Application Number 05/021,796] was granted by the patent office on 1971-11-09 for electronic musical instrument with key and pedal-operated volume controls.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha. Invention is credited to Takeshi Adachi.
United States Patent |
3,619,469 |
Adachi |
November 9, 1971 |
ELECTRONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENT WITH KEY AND PEDAL-OPERATED VOLUME
CONTROLS
Abstract
An electronic musical instrument comprises a first performance
section which produces music signals by manipulation of keys in a
keyboard at predetermined levels irresponsive to the forces with
which the keys are depressed, a second performance section which
produces music signals by manipulation of keys in a keyboard at
levels responsive to the forces with which the keys are depressed,
and expression control means which varies the signals from the
first performance section under operation of the player, means to
lead the signals from the second performance section to the output
terminal of the expression control means, and an amplifier and a
speaker to convert the signals from both sections into audible
sound.
Inventors: |
Adachi; Takeshi (Hamamatsu,
JA) |
Assignee: |
Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki
Kaisha (Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka-ken, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
21806197 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/021,796 |
Filed: |
March 23, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
84/688;
84/DIG.25; 84/720; 984/319 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G10H
1/0555 (20130101); Y10S 84/25 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G10H
1/055 (20060101); G10h 001/00 (); G10h
001/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;84/1.09,1.1,1.17,1.24,1.25,1.27,1.15,1.26,DIG.25 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Duggan; D. F.
Assistant Examiner: Witkowski; Stanley J.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An electronic musical instrument comprising:
a. tone generators;
b. a first performance section including a first keyboard with
keys, switching circuits with input and output sides associated
with the respective keys in said first keyboard coupled on the
input side to said tone generators and gating tone signals from
said tone generators, and a first tone coloring circuit connected
to output sides of said switching circuits, said switching circuits
and first tone coloring circuit defining the output side of said
section;
c. a second performance section including a second keyboard with
keys, touch-responsive switching circuits with input and output
sides associated with respective keys in said second keyboard
coupled on the input side to said tone generators and gating tone
signals from said tone generators with output levels responsive to
depressing forces on the keys of said second keyboard, and a second
tone coloring circuit connected to the output sides of said
touch-responsive switching circuits, said touch-responsive
switching circuits and said second tone coloring circuit defining
the output side of said section;
d. an expression device connected to the output side of said first
performance section and controlling levels of signals therefrom,
said expression device having also an output side;
e. circuit means connected to said second performance section
switching circuits and leading signals from said second performance
section to said output side of said expression device;
f. an amplifier connected to the output side of said expression
device; and,
g. a speaker to convert signals from said amplifier to sounds.
2. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein
said circuit means comprises a constant level nonexpression device
connected between the output side of said second performance
section and the output side of said expression device.
3. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1 wherein
said expression device is a first expression device, and includes
an output side, said circuit means comprises a constant level
nonexpression device, a second expression device, the output sides
of said nonexpression device and said second expression device
being connected to the output side of said first expression device,
and an expression selector switch connected to both said
nonexpression device and said second expression device selectively
connecting the output side of said second performance section to
either said nonexpression device, or said second expression
device.
4. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 3, including
a foot pedal so adapted and disposed that said first expression
device and said second expression device are interlockingly
operated by said same foot pedal.
5. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein
said circuit means comprises a constant level nonexpression device
with an output side which is connected to the output side of said
first mentioned expression device, and an expression selector
switch selectively connecting the output side of said second
performance section to either said nonexpression device, or the
input side of said first expression device.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an electronic musical instrument, and
more particularly an electronic musical instrument including a
touch-irresponsive performance section and a touch-responsive
performance section wherein the tone signal volumes of the two
sections are controlled independently.
An electronic musical instrument is generally characterized by
producing various tone colors. However, the electronic musical
instrument of a keyboard type heretofore proposed can not
separately control the volume of a melody and that of an
accompaniment, so that it is limited in the ability of rendering a
fully expressive musical performance. With the prior art device,
there is installed an expression control device acting as a sort of
tone volume controller to give forth dynamics in music behind a
circuit point to which there are supplied the signals of a melody
and accompaniment with their volumes. Accordingly, when the
accompaniment has become a small tone through the expression, the
maximum volume of the melody is inevitably limited to the small
quantity inconveniently.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide an electronic
musical instrument capable of varying the tone volume over a broad
range in response to the force with which the keys are depressed,
and also capable of varying the volumes of a melody and
accompaniment separately, so as to display a novel performing
effect and render a more expressive musical performance than has
been possible with the prior art.
An electronic musical instrument of keyboard type according to the
present invention is characterized in that it has a plurality of
performance sections including a first performance section
comprising a switching circuit which switches signals from a tone
generator at a uniform output level by the depression of keys, a
second performance section which includes a touch-responsive
switching circuit that switches signals from the tone generator at
an output level in response to the key-depressing force and a
nonexpression device that does not vary the amplitude of output
signals from the touch-responsive switching circuit, an expression
device which controls the amplitude of output signals from the
switching circuit thereby getting out two signals from said first
and second performance sections with their amplitude of the signals
being controlled separately.
BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block circuit diagram of an electronic musical
instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block circuit diagram of part of an electronic musical
instrument according to a further embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 presents a form of touch-responsive switching circuit
involved in the embodiment of FIG. 1, showing the manner in which
said circuit is actuated when the keys are operated; and
FIG. 4 shows a form of touch-irresponsive switching circuit
involved in the embodiment of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
There will now be described by reference to the accompanying
drawings an electronic musical instrument according to an
embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, numeral 1
represents tone generators such as musical scale tone signal
oscillators, 2 an upper keyboard, 3 touch-responsive switching
circuits for switching signals from the tone generators at output
signal levels in response to the magnitude of a force with which
the upper keys are depressed, 4 a tone-coloring circuit consisting
of, for example, a filter circuit, 5 an expression selector switch,
6 a nonexpression device consisting of a semifixed resistor only
for preadjustment of output levels, 7 an expression device
involving a variable resistor operated by a pedal, 8 a lower
keyboard, 9 switches for switching signals from the tone generators
by operation of the keys in the lower keyboard so as to produce a
uniform output level independently of the magnitude of a force with
which the keys are depressed, 10 a tone-coloring circuit consisting
of, for example, a filter circuit, 11 an expression device
consisting of a variable resistor actuated by a foot pedal and
operated interlockingly with the aforementioned expression device
7, 12 an amplifier circuit and 13 a speaker. Tone generator 1,
lower keyboard 8, switching circuit 9 and tone-coloring circuit 10
constitute a lower keyboard section or a first performance section
of a touch-irresponsive type. And tone generator 1, upper keyboard
2, touch-responsive switching circuit 3 and tone-coloring circuit 4
constitute an upper keyboard section or a second performance
section of a touch-responsive type.
There will now be described the operation of an electronic musical
instrument having the aforementioned arrangement. First in the
touch-irresponsive performance section, when a given key involved
in the lower keyboard 8 is depressed there is obtained from the
output of the touch-irresponsive switching circuit 9 a tone signal
having a uniform output level regardless of the magnitude of a
force with which the key is depressed. The output signal is then
formed by the tone-coloring circuit 10 into a signal having a
predetermined tone color. The tone-colored signal is supplied to
the expression device 11 for an intensity control to be a musical
signal having dynamics and then conducted to the amplifier circuit
12. Next in the touch-responsvie performance section, when a given
key involved in the upper keyboard 2 is depressed there is
generated from the touch-responsive switching circuit 3 a tone
signal having an output level in response to the magnitude of a
force with which the key is depressed. The output signal from the
switching circuit 3 is then formed by the tone-coloring circuit 4
into a signal having a predetermined tone color. The tone-colored
signal is supplied through the expression selector switch 5 to
either of the nonexpression device 6 and the expression device 7 to
be a musical signal of this second performance section and then
conducted to the amplifier circuit 12. Thus, the signals of musical
tones from the first and the second sections are conducted to the
amplifier circuit 12 to be jointly amplified and sounded through
the speaker 13.
When the expression selector switch 5 is actuated toward the
nonexpression device 6 there is not afforded an expression control
to a signal of a musical tone from the upper key board section but
only to that from the lower keyboard section. Since, however, the
volume of a tone signal of the upper keyboard section can be varied
by the magnitude of a force with which the keys in the upper
keyboard 2 are depressed, the tone volume of the signal is varied
in musical expression (dynamics) by the operation of the keys. In
this case, the volume of the lower keyboard section signal is
controlled by the expression device 11 during the musical
performance, and the volume of the upper keyboard section signal is
controlled by the keys in the keyboard 2 during the musical
performance. Accordingly, the tones of the lower and the upper
keyboard sections can be separately varied in volume. For example,
where the upper keyboard section produces a melody and the lower
keyboard section an accompaniment, the volume of the melody is
varied in response to finger forces with which the upper keys are
depressed and the volume of the accompaniment is varied by the
expression device operated by a foot pedal or the like. Therefore
the electronic musical instrument of the present invention
eliminates inconvenience encountered with the prior art
instrument.
When the melody and the accompaniment are to be controlled
simultaneously to the same degree of volume, it is only required to
actuate the expression selector switch 5 toward expression device
7. In this case, the tones from the upper keyboard section are
controlled in musical expression by the expression device 7 to the
same degree as those from the lower keyboard section, in addition
to the volume control in response to the key-depressing forces.
While the aforementioned embodiment shown in FIG. 1 involves
expression devices 7 and 11 for the tone signals of the upper and
the lower keyboard sections respectively, there may be provided a
common expression device 14 as shown in FIG. 2 for the both section
signals, wherein either of the devices 6 and 14 is selected by
operation of an expression selector switch 15 for signals to the
upper keyboard section. This will also display the same effect as
mentioned before.
FIG. 3 shows the relationship of the operation of the key and the
touch-responsive switching circuit as used in the upper keyboard
section in the aforementioned embodiment. A magnet is attached to
each key in the upper keyboard, preferably on the lower surface of
the key, and a coil 17 is disposed in an associated position with
each key. One end of the coil 17 is grounded and the other end is
connected through a condenser 24 to the base of an NPN-type
transistor 25. The base is grounded through a resistor 26 and
connected through a resistor 27 to a DC source. The emitter of the
transistor 25 is grounded through a resistor 28, and the collector
thereof is connected through a resistor 29 to the DC source and the
base of an NPN-type transistor 30. The collector of the transistor
30 is directly connected to the DC source and the emitter thereof
is grounded through a resistor 31 and also connected to the gate
electrode of a field effect transistor 33 through a rectifier 32 of
a diode or the like. The gate electrode of the field effect
transistor 33 is grounded through a condenser 34 and also through a
resistor 35 and a normally closed contact 23 of a key switch which
are connected in series. The source electrode of the field effect
transistor 33 is connected to a corresponding tone generator 37
among the tone generator group 1 as shown in FIG. 1 through a
condenser 36 and a key switch 41, and grounded through a resistor
38. The drain electrode of the transistor 33 is grounded through a
resistor 39 and connected through a condenser 40 to the following
stage, for example, an amplifier.
With an electronic musical instrument arranged as described above,
while a key of the upper keyboard 2 remains in a rest position, the
magnetic flux of the coil 17 does not vary and the normally closed
contact 23 is kept closed. When the key of the upper keyboard 2 is
depressed the magnet 18 is brought down to approach the coil 17 at
a certain speed and faces it at a predetermined position. When the
magnet 18 is drawn near at certain speed, the magnetic flux in the
core 19 of the coil 17 is varied with the resultant occurrence of
an electromotive force. This electromotive force effects the
current which is rectified by the rectifier 32, and charges the
condenser 34 and conducted to the field effect transistor which
constitute a keyer to switch the tone signal from the tone
generator 37. When the key in the keyboard 2 is forcefully
depressed, the magnet 18 is drawn near a position to face the coil
17 at a high speed, inducing a great electromotive force in the
coil 17. Accordingly, the tone signal from the tone generator 37 is
conducted to the succeeding stage in a large amplitude. Conversely,
where the key in the keyboard 2 is lightly depressed, the magnet 18
is brought near the coil 17 at slow speed, resulting in a low
electromotive force. Thus the tone signal from the tone generator
37 is forwarded to the following stage in a small amplitude.
There will now be described of more details of the circuit of FIG.
3. The electromotive force induced in the coil 17 is amplified by
the transistor 25 and then the amplified voltage is taken out of
the emitter of the emitter follower transistor 30 and supplied to
the gate electrode of the field effect transistor 33, which
controls the conduction rate of the tone signal from the tone
generator 37. Namely, where there is generated a great
electromotive force in the coil 17, the gate electrode is also
supplied with a high voltage, producing a large tone signal as an
output signal from the keyer (switching circuit 3). When the
electromotive force is weak, the gate electrode is supplied with a
low voltage, giving forth a small tone signal and accordingly the
tone signal of the output becomes small.
Therefore, the volume of the tone signal produced varies in
response to the key-depressing force, obtaining large varieties of
performance (or the so-called touch-responsive control effect) as
is realized on the piano.
FIG. 4 shows a switching circuit 9 according to an embodiment of
the present invention. When the key switch 42 is turned on there is
formed the emitter circuit of the transistor 43, conducting tone
signals from an input terminal 45 to an output terminal 44. When
the key switch is turned off, the voltage across the base and
emitter of the transistor 43 is inversely biased by source
+B.sub.2, producing no output signals from the terminal 44.
As mentioned above, the foregoing embodiment relates to the case
where the instrument comprises two performance sections of the
upper and the lower keyboard sections, and the upper keyboard
section is of a touch-responsive type and the lower the
touch-irresponsive type. However, the present invention is also
applicable where the performance sections are the left half and the
right half of a single keyboard divided into the bass and the
treble regions, or where there is provided a pedal keyboard in
addition to manual ones. Further, it will be apparent that any of
the keyboards may be of a touch-responsive type.
The electronic musical instrument of the present invention can vary
the volume of tones over a broad range in response to the force
with which the keys are depressed and separately control the
amplitude (or the tone volume) of a plurality of signals of musical
tones (for example, in combinations of an accompaniment and
melody), and is of great use in that it prominently elevates the
expression ability of performance and displays a novel performing
effect.
* * * * *