U.S. patent number 3,619,149 [Application Number 04/877,771] was granted by the patent office on 1971-11-09 for grinding cloth and method for the preparation thereof.
Invention is credited to Noboru Kitazawa.
United States Patent |
3,619,149 |
Kitazawa |
November 9, 1971 |
GRINDING CLOTH AND METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF
Abstract
The present invention relates to a grinding cloth of excellent
grinding properties and process for the preparation thereof. The
novel grinding cloth comprises preparing fiber filaments in such a
manner e.g. by compressing them as to have spaces between them,
thereby forming a fiber base. The said base is fixed in a matrix by
means of a synthetic resin adhesive containing grinding particles.
Globular crystals are formed on said matrix by spraying a mixture
of said synthetic adhesives containing grinding particles and
having a higher surface tension than said matrix.
Inventors: |
Kitazawa; Noboru (Urawa-shi,
Saitama-ken, JA) |
Family
ID: |
25370681 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/877,771 |
Filed: |
November 18, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
51/294; 51/295;
51/298; 51/296 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B24D
11/005 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B24D
11/00 (20060101); B24d 011/02 (); C08g
051/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;51/295,298,296,294 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Arnold; Donald J.
Claims
We claim:
1. A process for the production of a grinding and polishing cloth
which comprises:
a. dipping a fiber base comprising compressed fiber filaments in a
mixture comprising toluene diisocyanate and polyester resins and
grinding particles;
b. removing the excess mixture therefrom;
c. drying by heating the mixture, thereby fixing the fiber base and
forming a fiber base-resin matrix;
d. spraying said matrix with a liquid mixture comprising grinding
particles and synthetic resins comprising a mixture of epoxide,
phenol-formaldehyde and silicone resins, said resin mixture having
a higher surface tension than the matrix of step c, and
e. drying by heating said liquid mixture on said matrix thereby
causing globular crystals to form thereon and adhere thereto.
2. The grinding and polishing cloth of the process of claim 1.
3. A process according to claim 1 wherein the globular crystals of
step e are further fixed by dipping in the same mixture employed in
step a and curing.
4. The grinding and polishing cloth of claim 3.
Description
SPECIFICATION
This invention relates to a grinding and polishing cloth to be used
for the surface treatment of various metals, glass, stones, wood,
synthetic resins, etc., and method for the preparation thereof. The
term "grinding cloth" as used herein denotes "a grinding cloth, a
polishing cloth, and/or a grinding and polishing cloth." More
particularly, the present invention is concerned with the grinding
cloth which comprises fiber filaments mixed with each other in such
a manner as to have spaces in between them, e.g. as by compressing
them, thereby forming a fiber base, The said fiber base is fixed by
means of synthetic resin adhesives containing grinding particles
and further causing globular crystals to be formed on the filaments
by means of synthetic resin adhesives containing grinding particles
and having a higher surface tension than the resin already coating
the filaments.
Sandpaper, rotary buffers, etc., have heretofore been generally
used for grinding and polishing. They are prepared by pasting
grinding materials to the surface of paper, cloth, etc., by using
glue as an adhesive or alternatively, the grinding and polishing
materials are fixed thereon by electrodeposition or by spraying a
resin such as a phenolic resin on the paper or cloth etc. However,
glue fails under conditions of high temperature or humidity. It
becomes starchy and hardens, softens or deteriorates, depending
upon atmospheric conditions. Thus, glue is of limited utility.
Phenolic resins are somewhat satisfactory in terms of their water
and humidity resistance; however, there is a drawback in that when
the curing time of the diluted resin in drying temperatures are not
accurately controlled, said resins become starchy and hard and are
thus useless.
Further, the conventional types of grinding and polishing cloths
consist of grinding particles which are evenly and uniformly
adhered to the surface of the fiber base. The area of contact of
the grinding particles to the base is small with the result that
poor adherence is obtained. While capable of grinding and
polishing, these conventional materials cannot withstand irregular
and uneven impact and friction. Grinding particles are abraided or
scattered during the grinding and polishing. Moreover, such
irregular and uneven forces reach the fiber base through the
grinding particles, thereby shortening the life of said fiber base.
Such have been the drawbacks of the prior art. The objects of the
present invention are to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages.
More particularly, an object of this invention is to improve
adherence of the filaments of the fiber base and to moderate the
irregular shocks caused during grinding and polishing throughout
the fiber base. This object is accomplished by fixing the fiber
base in an adhesive resin matrix containing grinding particles.
This matrix is then dried and a mixture containing synthetic resin
adhesives of higher surface tension than that of the matrix and
grinding materials are sprayed on the surface of said matrix,
thereby causing adherence of mixture of resins and adhesives in the
form of globular crystals. This step enlarges the adhesive surface
and prevents grinding particles from becoming dislodged and
scattering. Also, a larger grinding surface is realized.
The result of the above steps is the formation of a grinding and
polishing cloth which is durable and excellent in its grinding and
polishing performance.
The accompanying drawing illustrates the preferred embodiment of
the present invention. The left and right portions of FIG. 1 are
respectively, magnified front and cross-sectional views of the
grinding and polishing cloth of this invention.
FIG. 2 is a prospective of a rotary grinding wheel.
FIG. 3 is a perspective of a set of fabricated rotary grinding
wheels in the shape of a cylinder.
With reference to FIG. 1, reference numerals 1, 1' and 1" designate
the various kinds of fiber filaments. Typical examples of fiber
used alone or in combination include such natural fibers as cotton,
hemp-palm, coconut palm, hemp, etc. Synthetic fibers include
materials such as polypropylene, polyester, nylon, etc. Mineral
fibers such as asbestos, etc., can be employed.
Numeral 2 designates grinding and polishing particles. Suitable
materials include emery powder, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide and
artificial diamond powder, etc.
The resins in the present invention are noncritical except for the
requirements that the matrix of the resin and the fiber base must
have good adhesive properties and a lower surface tension when
dried than the resin forming the globular crystals which contain
grinding particles. Suitable materials for the matrix of resin and
fiber base include the polyester resin such as that prepared by
ethylene glycol, adipic acid and propylene glycol. Such resin may
be cured at 120.degree. C. for 25 minutes. Such resins are
available commercially as "Vurnock D 380," manufactured by the
Japan Reichold Company. Admixed with the polyester resin is a
toluene diisocyanate resin such as one prepared by reacting toluene
diisocyanate and triethanolpropane cured at 120.degree. C. for 25
minutes. Such a resin is commercially available as "Vurnock D 750"
from the Japan Reichold Company. For the adhesive resin used in the
formation of globular crystals, an epoxide resin such as "Epikote
815" manufactured by Shell Chemical Company, which has an epoxide
equivalent of 183 to 193, a molecular weight of approximately 306,
is liquid at normal temperature, prepared from condensation of
bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin and has a viscosity of 8 to 11
poises is suitable. Admixed with such epoxide resin is a phenolic
resin as for example, a phenol-formaldehyde resin cured at
135.degree. C. for 45 minutes. Such a resin is commercially
available from the Japan Reichold Company as "Becksol 1303."
Admixed with the above resins is a silicone resin with repeating
silicon-oxygen bonds. Such a material is TSR 113 manufactured by
Tokyo Shibaura Electric Company, Ltd. This product has a specific
gravity of 25.degree. C. of 1 plus or minus 0.04, a viscosity of
1.0 to 2.5 poises and is dried at 250.degree. C. for 2 hours. The
silicon atoms are attached to hydrocarbon radicals. The following
examples are illustrative:
EXAMPLE 1
A felt-like fiber base is prepared by blending: nylon filaments (1)
(20 to 30 denier thick), 35 to 45 mm long, (glass fibers) (1') (15
to 25 deniers thick, 30 to 40 mm long) and white hemp filaments
(1") (10 to 15 deniers thick, 25 to 30 mm long). The numerals (1),
(1') and (1") are with reference to FIG. 1. The fiber filaments are
formed into a mat by compressing them.
Thereafter the fiber base is dipped into a liquid mixture
(viscosity 2,000 to 3,500 cps) consisting of: 50 g. of a glycol
adipic acid-propylene glycol polyester resin (Vurnock D 380), 50 g.
of a toluene diisocyanate-triethanol-propane resin, (Vurnock D
750), 70 g. butyl acetate and 150 g. grinding particles.
The excess liquid is removed from the above mixture by squeezing
between rollers. Said mixture is then dried at 140.degree. C. for
about 15 minutes thereby being cured. The fiber base obtained in
such manner consists of the mixed filaments (1), (1') and (1")
which are thoroughly combined with each other and are fixed. The
fiber-resin matrix thus formed is strong, excellent in its
elasticity and chemical resistance.
Then the mixture of grinding and polishing particles blended with
synthetic resins which have chemical resistance as well as high
surface tension with respect to the fiber resin matrix, is sprayed
onto said matrix. More specifically, a liquid mixture consisting
of:
A. epoxide resin (Epikote 815) 10 grams B. acetic anhydride 0.5
grams C. phenol-formaldehyde resin (Beckosol 1303) 70 grams D.
silicone resin (TSR 113) 10 grams E. Cellosolve acetate 10 grams F.
methylethyl ketone 40 grams G. ethyl acetate 10 grams H. grinding
and polishing particles 200 grams
is sprayed through a spray nozzle at pressure of 0.5 to 2.5
atmospheres and is dried at 140.degree. C. to 160.degree. C. for 15
to 20 minutes.
Then said liquid mixture and grinding and polishing particles are
caused to adhere to the mixed filaments (1), (1') and (1") in the
form of globular crystals (3) as a result of the high surface
tension of the phenol-formaldehyde-epoxide resin formed in the
liquid mixture.
EXAMPLE 2
The grinding and polishing cloth of example 1 is dipped into a
liquid mixture of (1) polyester resin (Vurnock D 380)- 50 grams,
toluene diisocyanate resin (Vurnock D 750)- 50 grams, solvent
naphtha-20 grams, butyl acetate-50 grams, ethyl acetate-30 grams
and grinding and polishing particles-100 grams. Then, after
removing the excess liquid therefrom, said mixture is dried at
150.degree. C. for 20 minutes and is thus cured. In such a manner
there is provided a grinding and polishing cloth which is excellent
in thermal resistance, abrasion resistance, elasticity and tensile
strength.
In the first step of the above-mentioned process, the
resin-filament mixture is, in the drying step, converted into a
urethane resin by the reaction of the polyester and isocyanate.
In the second drying step, a resin of excellent heat resistance,
abrasion resistance, elasticity and tensile strength is realized by
the reaction of said urethane resin with the
phenol-formaldehyde-epoxide resin of the liquid mixture. If the
third coating step of the process, as set forth in example 2 is
employed, the resin should be substantially the same as that of the
first step in terms of composition and properties. Thus, the
resultant product has improved heat resistance, abrasion
resistance, elasticity and tensile strength. In such manner, the
filaments are more thoroughly fixed and in the aforementioned steps
the resin is formed into a body. The grinding and polishing cloth
of the present invention is prepared in the form of a rotary
grinding wheel as shown in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 3, a sufficient
number of such wheels are put onto a shaft so that the grinding and
polishing cloth of the present invention may be used in a
cylindrical form.
The fiber base of the present invention if subjected to the
above-discussed pre-treatment (i.e. the mixed filaments having been
fixed by the resin containing the grinding and polishing particles)
avoids the undesirable consequences of irregular shock when
grinding and polishing. This is accomplished by the fact that the
shock does not effect a single point of the grinding surface alone,
but is absorbed and moderated throughout the entirety of the
grinding and polishing cloth. Said cloth has a great deal of
elasticity and is especially good for grinding and polishing uneven
surfaces.
The grinding and polishing resins are caused to adhere to the
filaments in the form of globular crystals by means of synthetic
resin adhesives having a higher surface tension than the
resin-filament matrix supporting said globular crystals. Therefore,
the grinding and polishing particles are not scattered. Grinding
and polishing particles, adhesives, and pre-treated fiber base are
uniformly abraded and in this manner there is provided a sheet
having long life and excellent grinding and polishing
properties.
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