U.S. patent number 3,617,442 [Application Number 04/763,512] was granted by the patent office on 1971-11-02 for paper-making means and method.
Invention is credited to Alfred A. Hurschman.
United States Patent |
3,617,442 |
Hurschman |
November 2, 1971 |
PAPER-MAKING MEANS AND METHOD
Abstract
For use in a fourdrinier section of a paper machine and/or the
felt section of such a machine, a replacement for the fourdrinier
wire and/or the felt which comprises a sheet of synthetic,
open-celled, flexible foam such as polyurethane foam. According to
one aspect of this invention, the foam may be reticulated to
provide greater porosity. If the foam is employed as a fourdrinier
"wire," the foam is provided with a reinforcing backing means which
provides longitudinal strength but does not interfere with the
porosity of the foam.
Inventors: |
Hurschman; Alfred A. (Hudson,
OH) |
Family
ID: |
25068030 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/763,512 |
Filed: |
September 30, 1968 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
162/212; 162/900;
162/348; 162/903 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D21F
1/0063 (20130101); Y10S 162/90 (20130101); Y10S
162/903 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
D21F
1/00 (20060101); D21f 001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;162/212,348,361,351,358,360 ;161/90,159,160 ;210/510,400,500
;260/2.5 ;55/354,352,351 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Friedman; Rueben
Assistant Examiner: Granger; T. A.
Claims
I claim:
1. A method of removing liquid from fibers in a papermaking process
comprising the steps of depositing a slurry of liquid and fibers on
a moving belt which comprises a flexible open-celled foam having a
slurry-depositing surface consisting of said foam and an exposed
opposite surface consisting of said foam, flowing the slurry onto
the slurry-depositing surface and flowing the liquid through the
open-celled foam from one surface to the exposed opposite surface
while retaining fibers on the belt.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein said belt is provided with
longitudinal reinforcement means.
3. A method of removing liquid from fibers in a papermaking process
comprising the step of extracting liquid from the fibers by
pressing the liquid and the fibers against a flexible open-celled
foam having a fiber-collecting surface consisting of said foam and
an exposed opposite surface consisting of said foam so that the
liquid passes through the foam to the exposed surface.
4. In the fourdrinier table section of a papermaking machine which
has a breast roll and a couch roll, the improvement which comprises
as the sole filter means an endless belt consisting of synthetic,
open-celled, flexible foam trained between said rolls, said belt
having longitudinal reinforcing means and having an exposed free
slurry-depositing surface and an exposed opposite surface both
surfaces consisting of said foam, means for depositing a
liquid-fiber slurry on said slurry-depositing surface whereby a
fibrous phase of said slurry may be retained on said depositing
surface and whereby a liquid phase of said slurry may pass directly
through said belt to said exposed opposite surface.
5. The improvement according to claim 4 wherein said belt is an
open-celled, flexible polyurethane foam.
6. The improvement according to claim 5 wherein said polyurethane
foam has been reduced to a skeletal structure by removing cell
membranes.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION paper-making
The fourdrinier table section of a papermaking machine includes a
fourdrinier wire which is a wire cloth woven from metal such as
phosphor bronze or synthetic fiber cloth. The fourdrinier wire
allows drainage of the white water, but retains fibers. The
principal materials employed in fourdrinier wire construction
comprise specially annealed phosphor bronze and brass which are
finely drawn to 0.010 to 0.040 inch in diameter and woven into a
web of 50 to 150 mesh. The wire is woven into a web at a rate of 4
to 6 linear feet per day due to the stiffness and the fragile
nature of the wire. Furthermore, since the fourdrinier wire is an
endless belt, the warp wires must be brazed or welded end to end to
produce a seam having the same strength as the base material and
the same porosity as the remainder of the wire. Each warp wire
must, therefore, be brazed end to end.
A further problem involved in employing a woven wire in the
fourdrinier table section of a papermaking machine is the problem
of short wire life, which is due principally to corrosion and
abrasion. Typically, wire life may be from 5 to 50 days. When a
wire is to be replaced, the papermaking machine must be shut down,
and in older machines it is necessary to remove the table rolls,
suction boxes, wire rolls, etc. from the fourdrinier frame. Newer
machines are built with cantilevered or rollout fourdrinier tables
which facilitate wire-changing operations. Such machines, however,
are quite expensive.
Since the fourdrinier wire is quite fragile, it will not tolerate
squeezing pressures, which may aid in removing the white water from
the pulp. Although dandy rolls are employed to flatten out the top
surface of the sheet which is laid on the fourdrinier wire, the
dandy roll exerts relatively little pressure on the wire.
Therefore, the white water is removed from the pulp by gravity flow
and suction boxes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides a replacement for a finely woven, metallic
fourdrinier wire which comprises a synthetic, open-celled, flexible
foam having porosity characteristics which are equal to the
porosity characteristics of woven fourdrinier wires. The
fourdrinier foam according to this invention may be a polyurethane
foam and, according to a preferred aspect of this invention, may be
a polyether or polyester foam which has been reticulated to
skeletal structures according to the teachings found in U.S. Pat.
No. 3,175,025, granted Mar. 23, 1965, to Geen et al., or may be a
polyester foam which has been reticulated by alkaline solutions by
kneading the foam in 10 percent caustic soda solution at 50.degree.
C. and then washing the treated foam with dilute acetic acid and
water.
Fourdrinier foam according to this invention eliminates the
end-to-end seaming problem, the weaving problem, and the short life
problem, and minimizes material cost. Furthermore, the fourdrinier
foam according to this invention has a compressive strength which
will permit the application of roll pressure to the pulp to drive
white water out of the pulp. A particularly advantageous feature of
the present invention is the fact that the fourdrinier foam may be
foamed in place on a supporting belt without removing the belt from
the fourdrinier table, thus eliminating long machine downtimes and
dismantling operations.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of the fourdrinier table section of a
papermaking machine showing a fourdrinier foam mounted thereon.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a length of fourdrinier foam
produced in accordance with one aspect of this invention.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a section of fourdrinier foam
produced in accordance with a further aspect of this invention.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a section of fourdrinier foam
produced in accordance with a still further aspect of this
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates
the use of fourdrinier foam as a replacement for the conventional
fourdrinier wire. The foam comprises an endless belt 10 which is
trained around and between a breast roll 11 and a couch roll 12 on
the fourdrinier table section of a papermaking machine. A plurality
of table rolls 13 supports the belt 10 as a flat surface 13
allowing uniform drainage through the foam. Suction boxes 14 are
employed to complete water drainage and dewater the pulp so that it
can be self-supporting when it is delivered to the felt section of
the papermaking machine.
The synthetic, open-celled, flexible foam forming the belt 10 is,
preferably, an open-celled, polyurethane foam. The foam may be
either polyether or polyester. The polyester foam may be produced
by reacting a polyester with an organic isocyanate, such as
tolylemediisocyanate, in the presence of an activator mixture. A
polyether foam may be produced by reacting a polyol with an organic
isocyanate, such as the previously mentioned isocyanate. These
foams may be reticulated or reduced to a skeletal structure by
utilizing a hydrolyzing agent, such as sodium hydroxide, to remove
cell membranes. These foams may also be reticulated by subjecting
the foam to a light pulse of sufficient intensity to remove the
cell membranes. Such techniques are set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos.
3,175,030 and 3,175,025, granted to Geen and Geen et al.,
respectively.
Urethane foams have a structure which is similar to a screen. This
is particularly true in the case of reticulated foam where the
membranes between the cell structure are removed in accordance with
the technique set forth above. White water has been successfully
removed from a 99 percent water and 1 percent fiber slurry to
produce a mat having an even distribution of fibers over the
surface of the foam by employing a reticulated foam having a
thickness of 3/16 inch and having approximately 60 pores to the
inch. The mat produced has properties similar to mats produced by a
60-mesh wire screen. A microscopic study of the mat produced
according to the present invention revealed that, as to fiber
orientation and strength characteristics, there is no difference
between such mat and mat produced on a wire screen. Furthermore,
the mat exhibited less marking by the pore structure of the
foam.
When used as a replacement for fourdrinier wire, foam must be
reinforced, since foam does not have the tensile characteristics to
be used in place of fourdrinier wire. Therefore, as is illustrated
in FIG. 2, a fourdrinier belt 10a comprises polyurethane foam 15,
which is reinforced by polyester cables 16 which extend in the
direction of belt travel. The cable 16 may be bonded to the foam 15
by well-known heat-bonding procedures, or the foam may be foamed
around the cables during the manufacture of the foam. If an
in-place foaming operation is employed, it may be conducted after
the cables are stretched between the breast roll 11 and the couch
roll 12 without dismantling the machine.
According to a further aspect of this invention, and as is shown in
FIG. 3, the foam 15 may be bonded to a coarse wire screen 17 to
form a fourdrinier belt 10b. The foam 15 may be bonded to the
screen or may be foamed in place in the manner indicated above.
According to a still further aspect of this invention, a
fourdrinier belt 10c is illustrated in FIG. 4. The belt 10c
comprises a thin, flexible metal or plastic sheet 18 having a
multiplicity of apertures 19 therethrough. The foam 15 may be
bonded to the sheet 18, or may be foamed in place, as indicated
above.
Although the use of foam has been described herein as a replacement
for the fourdrinier wire in the fourdrinier table section of a
papermaking machine, it should be appreciated that such foam may
also be employed in the press section of the machine as a
replacement for the conventional blanketlike webs made of wool and
synthetic fibers. The ability of polyurethane foam to resist roll
pressure during the various squeezing operations makes such foam
suited as a replacement for the conventional press felt webs.
It should further be appreciated that the conventional fourdrinier
table section and the pressure section of the papermaking machine
may be combined, since the fourdrinier foam is adapted to withstand
roll pressure as indicated above.
The invention, therefore, is not restricted to the slavish
imitation of each and every detail set forth above. Obviously,
devices may be produced which change, eliminate, or add certain
details without departing from the scope of the invention.
* * * * *