U.S. patent number 3,614,727 [Application Number 04/753,096] was granted by the patent office on 1971-10-19 for changeable highway sign and motorist aid system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company. Invention is credited to Robert W. Fritts.
United States Patent |
3,614,727 |
Fritts |
October 19, 1971 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
CHANGEABLE HIGHWAY SIGN AND MOTORIST AID SYSTEM
Abstract
A changeable sign is disclosed which is adapted for use as a
changeable highway sign located along a highway and which is
capable of visually displaying to a motorist travelling in a
vehicle along the highway any one of several predetermined driving
messages. Additionally, a changeable highway sign system which
incorporates a changeable highway sign is disclosed wherein the
system includes a remotely located central station for selectively
controlling changeable highway signs to continually inform the
motorists of current speed limits, driving conditions and the like
associated with the particular portion of the highway over which
the motorists is traversing. The changeable highway sign and
system, as disclosed herein, are adapted to include a motorist
voice communication system to permit a motorist to communicate with
a dispatcher at a central station.
Inventors: |
Fritts; Robert W. (Afton
Township, Washington County, MN) |
Assignee: |
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing
Company (Saint Paul, MN)
|
Family
ID: |
25029142 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/753,096 |
Filed: |
August 16, 1968 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
340/905;
40/471 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G09F
11/29 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G08G
1/09 (20060101); G08g 001/09 () |
Field of
Search: |
;340/22,90
;40/132H,133B,125I ;165/51 ;179/35 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Claffy; Kathleen H.
Assistant Examiner: Black; Jan S.
Claims
I claim:
1. A changeable sign for displaying a selected one of several
predetermined messages comprising
a housing defining an enclosure and having means defining a window
through which any one of several predetermined messages displayed
in alignment with the window can be observed;
sign indicia means within said housing for providing the messages
and for rapidly changing the visible message on demand and
including
a first roller positioned within said enclosure near said
window,
a second roller positioned within said enclosure near said window
and spaced from said first roller to support a message area in
alignment with and adjacent said window, and
a web of light transmissive material having a plurality of
predetermined message areas each with a message imaged thereon in a
programmed sequence, said web being supported by said first and
second rollers and movable upon rotation thereof to align a said
predetermined message with said window;
actuating means operatively coupled to said sign indicia means for
driving said sign indicia means to transport said web of imaged
material in a direction to position different selected messages in
alignment with said window;
a stationary retroreflective member positioned in parallel-spaced
aligned relation with said window to permit said web of light
transmissive material to pass therebetween, said retroreflective
member forming a retroreflective background for each message
bearing area of said web to display said predetermined message,
said member having retroreflective areas interspersed with diffuse
reflective areas;
sign position logic means operatively coupled to said sign indicia
means for determining which of said predetermined messages is
positioned in alignment with said window; and
a sign control means operatively connected to said actuating means
and said sign position logic means and responsive to a command
signal designating a selected predetermined message to be displayed
by said sign for programming said actuating means to drive said
sign indicia means in a direction determined in response to said
sign position logic means to transport said web until a selected
predetermined message designated by said command signal is
positioned in alignment with said window.
2. The changeable sign of claim 1 wherein said sign position logic
means is coupled to said sign indicia means for producing a
position signal designating which of said predetermined messages is
positioned within said window;
direction logic means operatively connected to said sign position
logic means and said actuating means for comparing said command
signal with said position signal to determine in which direction
said web must be transported to display the predetermined message
designated by said command signal in said opening and for
controlling said actuating means to drive said sign indicia means
to transport said web in a determined direction until said sign
position logic means produces a position signal indicating said
selected one of said predetermined messages indicated by said
command signal is positioned in said window.
3. The changeable sign of claim 1 further comprising
a communication means operatively coupled to said sign control
means adapted to receive a control signal having an address signal
and a command signal transmitted from a remote station and apply
said received control signal to said sign control means; and
wherein said sign control means includes decoding means for
separating said address signal from said command signal.
4. The changeable sign of claim 1 wherein said sign control means
includes
control logic means operatively connected to said decoding logic
means for responding to said command signal to program said
actuating means; and
translating logic means including means for storing a preassigned
address code operatively coupled to said decoding logic means for
receiving said address signal and comparing said received address
signal to said preassigned address signal, said translating logic
means upon determining said received address signal equals said
preassigned address signal being operative to enable said control
logic means to actuate said actuating means in the direction
determined by said direction logic means and as programmed by said
command signal.
5. A changeable sign for displaying a selected one of several
predetermined messages and adapted to be mounted along a highway
and capable of visually informing a motorist by current driving
messages upon said sign receiving and responding to command signals
from a remote control station, said sign comprising
a housing defining an enclosure having means defining a window
through which a message positioned in alignment therewith may be
observed,
sign indicia means within said housing for visually displaying
information in the form of sign indicia and including a light
transmissive web having a plurality of message bearing sections
which may be displayed by alignment with said window;
a stationary retroreflective member positioned in spaced-parallel
alignment with said window to permit said web of transparent
material to pass therebetween, said retroreflective member forming
a retroreflective background for each message bearing section of
said transparent material to display said predetermined message,
said member having retroreflective areas interspersed with diffuse
reflective areas;
actuating means operatively coupled to said sign indicia means for
positioning a selected one of said message bearing sections in a
position to be visually displayed;
a sign control means operatively coupled to said actuating means
and responsive to a said command signal for programming said
actuating means to position a selected one of said sections bearing
sign indicia for visually displaying the sign indicia;
a thermoelectric generator operated by the use of a vaporized
propane fuel;
a fuel tank located adjacent said sign and beneath the ground for
storing liquid propane which may be vaporized for use by said
generator, said fuel tank including connecting means to said
generator for transporting said vaporized propane fuel between said
fuel tank and said generator, said fuel tank further including a
fuel-filling port readily accessible for filling of said tank;
and
means connecting said generator to said sign control means for
powering said sign control means and said actuating means and for
supplying heat generated by consumption of said fuel to said
sign.
6. The changeable highway sign of claim 5 further including
a storage battery located within said housing and connected to said
thermoelectric generator in an arrangement whereby said storage
battery may be charged by said generator, said storage battery
being connected to said sign control means and said actuating means
to supply power thereto.
7. The changeable highway sign of claim 5 wherein said means for
supplying heat to said sign includes
heat-exchanging means connected to said sign to cooperate with said
thermoelectric generator to transfer heat produced by the exhaust
gases of said generator to other components located within said
sign to improve the performance of said components in cold
temperatures.
8. The changeable highway sign of claim 7 wherein said
heat-exchanging means includes
a first duct capable of being selectively connected to said
generator when the ambient temperature drops below a predetermined
value to vent said exhaust gases through the interior of said sign
to the exterior thereby warming the components within said
sign;
a second duct capable of being selectively connected to said
generator when the ambient temperature rises above said
predetermined value to vent said exhaust gases from said generator
directly to the exterior of said sign; and
a temperature sensitive switching means capable of selectively
connecting said first duct with and disconnecting said second duct
from said generator when the ambient temperature drops below said
predetermined value and vice versa when said temperature rises
above said predetermined value.
Description
Known changeable highway signs are controlled from a central
station via radio control devices or via direct communication
channels such as telephone cables. Certain of these signals include
lighting for illuminating sign indicia when visibility along the
highway in the vicinity of the sing is below a predetermined lumen
level. Other known changeable highway signs contain a plurality of
predetermined driving conditions which are selectively illuminated
to inform a motorist of current driving conditions. Typically, the
highway signs require a large amount of front lighting to make them
visible during nighttime driving times. S
Such prior art changeable highway signs have several disadvantages.
Typical disadvantages include high-installation cost, high-power
requirements requiring external electrical power distribution
systems, sensing devices for controlling sign illumination and the
like.
The present invention overcomes difficulties of the prior art
devices by a novel and unique changeable sign which is capable of
displaying to a motorist travelling along the highway any one of
several predetermined messages during both day and night driving
conditions.
The changeable highway sign disclosed herein is capable of remote
control and can use either analog or digital control at the sign
for controlling sign operation. In addition, digital control
signals having an address code portion and a command code portion
can address a selected sign and command which predetermined driving
message is to be displayed to a motorist.
If desired, a changeable highway sign is capable of including a
retroreflective member which is located behind a strip of
transparent material having the predetermined driving messages
imaged thereon. When driving conditions are such that a motorist
must use the vehicle's headlights for visibility, the headlights
are concurrently used as the means for illuminating the highway
sign by the retroreflective member. Thus, front lighting of such a
sign is not required and the total power requirements of such
changeable highway signs are substantially reduced.
In another embodiment, the changeable highway sign may be front or
back lighted because of existing traffic standards and the
availability of electrical power. Thus, a retroreflective member
may not be required. However, such a changeable highway signal can
be remotely controlled from a central station by using the
teachings of the present invention.
It is known to utilize flashing lights in combination with a
highway sign to attract a motorist's attention. By using the
teachings of the present invention, flashing light-sign
combinations utilizing lights and backgrounds of the same single
color are possible. If desired, the flashing lights can be arranged
in spacial patterns for indicating various caution and emergency
conditions.
In one embodiment, the changeable highway sign disclosed herein
uses a flashing light arrangement wherein the color of the flashing
lights, arranged in a certain spacial pattern, indicates degrees of
dangerousness of a predetermined driving condition being displayed.
In addition, flashing light patterns can be established to
cooperate with displayed messages to control certain traffic
movements such as MERGE and CHANGE LANES.
In the preferred embodiment, an amber flashing light is used to
indicate to a motorist that caution should be used for the
particular driving condition being displayed, such as for example
FIG. Also, in the preferred embodiment, two flashing red lights,
flashing either sequentially or simultaneously, are used to
indicate an emergency predetermined highway condition being
displayed, such as for example DANGER.
Other known changeable sign units have high-power requirements and,
of necessity, have been connected to commercial power distribution
lines. In such arrangements, the sign unit becomes subject to power
outages which usually occur in severe weather when the sign
operation is most needed. In locations where the sign units are
remotely located from existing power distribution lines, the
expense of extending individual feeder lines for each sign unit
becomes prohibitive.
In some installations, a solar power source is used as an
independent source of electrical power to overcome the above
disadvantages. However, solar power sources have certain inherent
disadvantages in that they cannot be used in areas where sunlight
is prevented from illuminating the solar cell. This typically
includes areas having high-smog levels, areas which are continually
shaded and the like.
In one embodiment of the changeable highway sign of the present
invention, the power requirements are minimized such that a
self-contained power source such as, for example, a thermoelectric
generator can be used as a source of electrical power. A
thermoelectric generator is capable of operating on relatively
inexpensive and generally available fuel, such as liquid propane,
and produces substantially more electrical power than solar power
sources of comparable cost. If desired, such a changeable highway
sign can be energized from existing power lines with the
self-contained power source as a standby power source.
A propane-fired thermoelectric generator power source has certain
other additional advantages besides economy and relatively high
electrical power output compared to solar cells. The thermal energy
produced by the generator in producing the electrical power can be
transferred throughout the sign unit to warm the various components
to improve cold weather performance.
It is known to install motorist aid systems along heavily congested
highways. Typically, such units are energized by means of
self-contained solar power sources. In addition to the above
disadvantages of using solar cells, the low power output of solar
sources limits operation of such a motorist aid system to simple
precoded communications of short duration. In such systems, the
motorist is unable to engage in voice communication with the
central station for the purpose of supplying and receiving
information concerning the nature of the emergency condition.
Generally, by using precoded message, the power requirements of the
motorist aid system are minimal and a motorist, when involved in an
emergency condition, is limited to pushing a button to summon aid.
SUch a motorist communication system is unable to provide two-way
voice communication between a motorist on the highway and a
dispatcher at a remote central station when a real emergency
condition exists.
One embodiment of a changeable highway sign of the present
invention utilizes a radio-telephone system such that two-way voice
communication can be effected between a motorist and the central
station. This arrangement provides a dispatcher with the
opportunity to determine the most effective action to be taken in
the particular emergency situation, together with the capability of
informing the motorist of the action to be taken. In addition, a
motorist voice communication system provides a dispatcher located
at the remote central station with the capability to obtain
additional information from a motorist with respect to traffic
control, such as, for example, number of blocked lanes, seriousness
of traffic problem and the like.
One advantage of the present invention is that a changeable sign
can be remotely controlled to display any one of several
predetermined messages.
Another advantage of the present invention is that a changeable
sign has a minimal power requirement such that the sign may be
powered by a self-contained power source for operation in areas
remote from power distribution lines or as a standby for signs
operated from power distribution lines.
A further advantage of the present invention is that a changeable
highway sign may include a retroreflective backing member located
behind the displayed predetermined driving message or condition
such that the same is brightly illuminated at night by a motor
vehicle's headlights striking the retroreflective backing.
Another advantage of the present invention is that a changeable
highway sign may incorporate at least two different arrangements of
flashing lights to attract a motorist's attention and to indicate
the degree of dangerousness of a predetermined driving condition
along the highway.
Still another advantage of the changeable highway sign of the
present invention is that the sign may include a motorist voice
communication system to permit voice communication between a
motorist requiring aid and a dispatcher at a remotely located
central station.
Yet another advantage of the present invention is that this novel
and unique changeable highway sign uses conventional and known
traffic signal symbols and known colored backgrounds such that a
motorist can easily respond to and follow commands and instructions
displayed by the sign without requiring special education and
familiarization with operation of such signs.
A further advantage of the present invention is that a changeable
highway sign can be incorporated as part of a computer controlled
highway system wherein traffic movement can be quickly and easily
controlled in emergency situations, such as an accident, for
emergency vehicles and the like.
These and other advantages of the present invention will become
apparent from the following detailed description taken together
with the following drawing wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a changeable highway sign system;
FIG. 2 is a pictorial illustration of a control console located in
a central station for controlling a system having a plurality of
changeable highway signs located along a highway;
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating waveforms representing binary coded
signals which can be assembled by frequency shift-keying techniques
controlling a changeable highway sign;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a computerized system for
controlling a changeable highway sign system;
FIG. 5 is a perspective drawing of a changeable highway sign;
FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrammatic representations of sign indicia
means including a strip of transparent material in the form of a
scroll for displaying a predetermined driving condition in an
opening defined by the sign housing;
FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic representation of an actuating means for
transporting the scroll past the opening in said changeable
sign;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram partially in block form illustrating
circuitry for one embodiment of an analog sign control means for
controlling position of said scroll;
FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic representation illustrating one type of
flasher logic means for controlling flashing lights used on the
changeable highway sign; and
FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a digital control system
for controlling operation of a changeable sign.
Briefly, a changeable sign for visually displaying a selected one
of several predetermined messages is disclosed. The sign includes a
housing defining an opening through which any one of the
predetermined messages can be visually displayed. A strip of imaged
transparent material is used which has a plurality of sections each
of which contains a predetermined message. The sign also includes a
sign indicia means located within the housing and operatively
coupled to the strip of transparent material for positioning in the
opening a selected section of the strip of transparent material. An
actuating means is operatively coupled to the sign indicia means
for driving the sign indicia means to transport the strip of imaged
material in a direction to position a selected one of the
predetermined messages in the opening. A sign position logic means
is operatively coupled to the sign indicia means for determining
which of the predetermined messages is positioned in the opening. A
sign control means is operatively connected to the actuating mans
and the sign position logic means and is responsive to a command
signal designating a selected predetermined message to be displayed
by the sign for programming the actuating means to drive the sign
indicia means in a direction determined in response to the sign
position logic means to transport the web of imaged material until
the selected predetermined message designated by the command signal
is positioned in the opening.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the operation of a changeable highway
sign system. The system includes a central station 10 remotely
located from a changeable highway sign 12. The sign 12 is capable
of displaying a variety of information to motorists in the form of
speed limits and actual driving conditions as well as in the form
of flashing lights.
The central station 10 is capable of monitoring and changing the
information displayed by the sign 12. These changes are based on
information gathered from sources including the United States
Weather Bureau (USWB), patrol cars, local sensing devices and from
communications with motorists via motorist voice communication
systems located along the roadway. The central station 10 utilizes
a signal communications 14 to send command signals to a sign
control means 16 within the sign 12.
The sign control means 16 includes a scroll position logic means 18
to control which of a selected one of several predetermined
messages, such as speed limits, driving commands and traffic
condition information, is to be visually displayed by the sign 12
in response to control signals from the central station 10. The
sign control means 16 further includes a flasher logic means 20
which activates flashing lights whenever a cautious or dangerous
driving message is displayed.
The sign 12 includes a motorist communication means 22 which may be
used by a motorist in an emergency. The motorist is able to
communicate with the central station 10 via signal communication
means 14 to summon help or to alert a dispatcher as to a traffic
control problem, such as a blocked lane and the like. In the
preferred embodiment, the motorist communication means 22 consists
of a two-way voice radio-telephone 24.
FIG. 2 illustrates pictorially one embodiment of a central display
console 26 located at the central station 10. A sign location
display 28 indicates the location of a for the of signs 12 along a
given highway. A control panel 30 includes means for individually
controlling each sign 12. The signs located along a highway can be
grouped into convenient sign groupings of, say, four to five signs
per group. The predetermined message visually displayed by each
sign group is displayed as a sign status display 32 on the control
panel 30 at the central station 10. In certain preprogrammed
situations, it is possible that certain of the signs 12 in a
predetermined sign grouping may display a message other than that
generally designated on the control panel 30 for the sign grouping.
A separate indication can be displayed to indicate this
condition.
In the preferred embodiment, the signal communication means 14
utilizes the police or maintenance FM radio network wherein signal
communication is accomplished by means of frequency shift-keying
techniques. Typically, the police or maintenance FM radio networks
use an FM modulated 300 to 3,000 Hertz (Hz.) bandwidth channel for
voice transmission. Generally, it is known that the 2,635 to 3,000
Hz. portion of the channel is not essential for maintaining male
voice intelligibility. This 365 Hz. range may therefore be used to
carry FM modulated digital control signals which may be
superimposed on voice transmission FM modulated signals. Suitable
filtering of the compressed voice band will eliminate shift-keying
noise therefrom. Such communication techniques are known and may be
readily assembled by one skilled in the art.
Frequency shift-keying control is achieved by generating positive
and negative pulses about the middle frequency between 2,635 and
3,000 Hz. FIG. 3 illustrates how these pulses may be used to
represent binary numbers. The scheme illustrates a 3-bit binary
work capable of representing a binary number from 0 to 7, but the
number of bits per word may be varied according to the specific
application. The position of positive pulses relative to negative
pulses determines the binary number represented. A person skilled
in the art using known techniques can design and fabricate encoding
and decoding logic necessary for implementing frequency
shift-keying.
In one embodiment, an encoded 6-bit 2-work control signal is sent
to the changeable highway signs. The control signal comprises an
address signal and a command signal each of which comprises a 3-bit
1-word signal. The address signal selects which sign is to be
controlled while the command signal selects which of the sign
indicia is to be displayed. It is contemplated that the number of
signs capable of responding to a given command signal may be
selected in accordance with the specific system.
It is contemplated that other communication systems could be used
for controlling operation of a changeable sign. Typically, other
known systems which could be used to accomplish the same purpose
include telephone pairs, preassigned FM radio links and the like
devoted wholly to control of changeable signs.
FIG. 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment for controlling the
changeable highway signs 12. Sets of local sensing devices 13,
shown in block form, may be associated within all or some of the
changeable highway signs within each group to gather information
concerning driving conditions and the like. The sensing devices 13
gather measurements concerning humidity, visibility, temperature
and traffic density in a format suitable for transmission to a
computer control system 15 for analysis and control functions.
In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the measurement are transmitted via
signal communication means 14 to the computer control system 15
located at the central station. The computer control system 15
analyzes the measurements and generates an appropriate control
signal in response thereto. This control signal is transmitted via
signal communication means 14 to either a single sign 12 or a group
of signs, depending on the particular system, associated with the
set of sensing devices 13 corresponding to the control signal. A
new set of driving conditions are displayed by the signs 12 in
response to the control signal to inform the motorist travelling
within the area of the latest driving conditions. The embodiment of
FIG. 4 also includes direct communication between a sign group 17
and the computer control system 15. This provides the computer
control system 15 with information concerning the current status
the the signs 12 within the sign group 17. This information
provides input data to the computer control system 15 to provide a
basis for controlling traffic when a traffic problem is
encountered.
The computer control system 15 is able to display at the console 26
the status of the various signs 12 in the system. The computer
control system 15, however, is also capable of receiving
information introduced to it by the console 26. This information
introduced to it by the console 26. This information may be
obtained from data sources 27, such as police patrols and the USWB.
Furthermore, the computer control system 15 may be bypassed by a
computer override means 19 associated with the scroll position
logic means of the signs 12. The computer override 19 allows the
sign group 17 to be changed by a command directly from the central
station 10.
FIG. 5 depicts a single-changeable highway sign 12 positioned along
a highway. The sign 12 includes a housing 34 positioned above the
surface of the ground by a support means 36. The support means 36
is solidly embedded in the ground by a footing 38.
A surface 40 of the housing 34 has an opening 42 (FIG. 7) facing
the flow of motor vehicle traffic along the highway. In the
preferred embodiment, the opening 42 is covered by a lens
arrangement 44. The lens arrangement 44 includes a center lens 46
of amber positioned over the center area of the opening 42 and
adjacent lenses 48 of red covering the remainder of the opening 42.
In the preferred embodiment, the lens may comprise a fresnel lens
constructed in accordance with the teachings of Appledorn,
application Ser. No. 571,639, having a common assignee. By using
such a fresnel lens, a relatively small wattage lamp can be used.
The combination of the fresnel lens and lamp provides a high
intensity, directional, low power lighting system for informing
motorists of the degree of dangerousness of road conditions.
Surface 40 also includes an aperture 50 (in FIG. 7) covered by a
weathertight window 116. A reflective member 52 is rigidly mounted
within the housing 34 adjacent to the spaced from the aperture 50.
Rollers 54 and 56 are rotatably mounted within the housing 34 above
and below the aperture 50. In the preferred embodiment, a scroll 58
composed of a transparent material 60 containing sign indicia is
positioned between the rollers 54 and 56. One end of the scroll 58
is wrapped around one of the rollers 54 and 56 and the other
parallel end of the scroll 58 is wrapped around the other roller.
The scroll 58 passes between the reflective member 52 and the
aperture 50. When ordinary daylight or light from a motor vehicle
headlight strikes the sign, the light passes through the
transparent material 60, is reflected by the reflective member 52
and is directed back to the motorist in the vehicle. The reflected
light backlights the sign indicia on scroll 58 thereby making the
indicia appearing between rollers 54 and 56 in aperture 50 visible
to a motorist.
One known reflective surface which is capable of providing diffuse
reflection by daylight and bright retroreflection at night utilizes
a cube corner construction with a bright reflecting background as
described in a copending application of Schultz, Ser. No. 593,948,
having a common assignee, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,417,959.
FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrammatic views of the scroll 58 showing the
possible sign indicia 62 appearing on transparent material 60 which
may be selected for a particular terrain. The indicia 62 to be
displayed to motorists are placed on separate areas of the scroll
58, each area being designated as one frame of motorist information
64. When properly positioned relative to the aperture 50, the frame
64 is located adjacent the reflective member 52. The reflective
member 52 is illuminated at night by vehicle headlights as
described.
As shown in FIG. 5, both speed limits, caution and dangerous
condition warnings may be displayed by the sign. In one embodiment,
speed limit information is displayed by black numerals on a white
field, the white field comprising the fixed reflective member 52.
It is desirable to increase the driver's awareness of a dangerous
condition, such as FIG. or ICE, by using different colored
backgrounds. In the preferred embodiment, ICE and FOG conditions
are displayed as black letters on a yellow background. DANGER
utilizes clear white lettering over a red background. The yellow
and red backgrounds are attached to the transparent material 60 of
the appropriate frames 64. It is contemplated that other
combinations of highway information or indicia and reflective
backgrounds may be utilized. Also, an alternative embodiment may
eliminate reflective member 52 by having all reflective backgrounds
attached to the scroll 58. Yellow and red lights are utilized in
conjunction with the messages having a similar colored background
as they are visually displayed by the changeable sign to call to
the motorist's attention that a caution or dangerous condition
warning is being displayed and the seriousness of the displayed
condition.
FIG. 7 diagrammatically illustrates the changeable highway sign 12.
Housing 34 includes the scroll position logic means 18 which is
operatively connected to a scroll driving means, which in the
illustrated embodiment is a reversible DC motor 66. The reversible
motor 66 is operatively connected to roller 54 and is capable of
driving roller 54 in either a forward or reverse direction. Upon
receiving an appropriate command signal from the central station
10, the scroll position logic means 18 activates the reversible
motor 66 to drive the roller 54 in a selected direction. The scroll
58 and frames of information 64 are transported across the aperture
50 until the desired frame 64 is properly positioned relative to
the aperture 50. The scroll position logic means 18 senses this
point and automatically terminates scroll motion.
In the preferred embodiment, the scroll 58 contains 8 frames of
driving information or sign indicia 62. Utilizing the frequency
shift-keying method and a 3-bit binary work described hereinbefore,
eight different command signals are available to properly position
each frame 64 of driving information relative to the aperture 50
once a given sign 12 has been selected by its appropriate address
signal.
A two-way radio telephone 24 is located within the housing 34. The
sign 12 further includes a self-contained power source means. In
the preferred embodiment, the power source means comprises a
thermoelectric generator 104 located within the housing 34. The
generator 104 is operatively connected to a storage battery 112
located within the housing 34. The generator 104 continuously
charges the battery 112 which supplies power to the electrical
components within the housing 34. In this manner, the generator
provides sufficient energy on a continuous basis to meet the
average power needs of the total system.
The generator 104 may utilize a propane fuel in vapor form. The
fuel is stored as a liquid in a tank 106 located underground
beneath the sign. The tank 106 is equipped with a pressure
regulator 120 which controls the pressure of the vapor fed to the
generator 104 via fuel line 110. The fuel tank 106 is equipped with
a fuel filling port 108 which is located just beneath the ground to
prevent injury in case of an accident. The fuel line 110 may be
equipped with a self-sealing valve 118 known in the trade as an
excess flow valve. In the event of a vehicle collision with the
sign, the fuel line is sealed off instantly to avoid the danger of
an explosion.
A suggested thermoelectric generator unit is Minnesota Mining and
Manufacturing Company's Model 515. This unit, producing
approximately 15 watts at 12 volts, will operate for 6 months on
150 gallons of liquid propane gas costing approximately $22. The
liquid propane gas is stored in tank 106. Refueling on an annual or
semiannual basis may be accomplished with a 5-minute stop by a bulk
pumping truck.
In the preferred embodiment, the heat produced by the generator 104
is used to warm the components within the housing 34 during cold
weather. The heat is transferred to the components via a
heat-exchanging system 114. The system 114 includes a duct 124 for
channeling the hot exhaust gases produced by the generator 104
through the housing 34 to the exterior. THis heating process is
important to maintain charging efficiency of the battery 112 at low
temperatures and to maintain free movement of the lubricant used on
the roller bearings. The heat further helps to sublime away any
snow, ice or raindrops which may collect on the weathertight window
116 and the housing 34.
The heat-exchanging system 114 further includes a bypass duct 122.
THe duct 122 automatically conducts the exhaust gases directly to
the exterior rather than through the housing 34 when the external
temperature rises to a certain level. The duct 122 is controlled by
a temperature sensitive switch 126. This bypass prevents
overheating of the sign components during warm weather.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram partially in block form illustrating
analog circuitry and apparatus by which a command signal is able to
change the sign indicia 62 displayed by the sign 12. Roller 54 is
driven by the reversible motor 66 and is mechanically connected by
linkage 69 to a sliding contact 70 positioned on a fixed
potentiometer 68. The sliding contact 70 gives an electrical signal
indicating the present location of the frames of information 64
relative to the aperture 50.
Upon receiving a control signal, the command portion of the signal
is decoded by the decoding logic to generate a positioning signal.
The positioning signal is applied to the bases of the appropriate
combination of NPN transistors 72-86 switching them into
conduction.
When a transistor 72-86 switches, a voltage appears is relay switch
92. This relay is a double-pole type and is polarized so as to
apply a voltage B+ (94) to the DC motor 66 in a polarity direction
corresponding to the polarity of the voltage across relay switch
92. The application of the B+ voltage 94 causes the motor 66 to
advance the scroll 58 to a new position by driving the roller 54
until a zero voltage or a "null" spot is produced across relay
switch 92 due to the changed position of the sliding contact 70 on
the potentiometer 68. the system is calibrated so that this "null"
spot corresponds to the proper positioning of the desired frame of
information 64 within the aperture 50. The direction in which the
reversible motor 66 is driven depends upon the polarity of the
voltage appearing across relay switch 92.
Referring again to FIG. 7, the changeable highway sign 12 includes
a system of flashing lights to indicate various driving conditions.
Individual light sources are located behind each lens located over
the opening 42. Flasher logic means 20 are located within the
housing 34 and are operatively connected to lighting means 98. Upon
the selection of a specific frame of information 64 by a command
signal from the central station 10, the flasher logic means 20
selects and activates the appropriate light sources 98
corresponding to the frame of information 64 selected.
FIG. 9 illustrates one technique and means for actuating the
flashing lights. Certain frames of information 64, such as those
indicating FOG and ICE, may utilize the activation of the flashing
lights to heighten the motorist's awareness of these conditions.
Each of such frames includes a ribbon 100 of a conductive material
located along one edge of the scroll 58. Two switches 102 are
located along the same edge of the frame 64. The switches 102 are
connected to the flasher logic means 20. When a specific frame 64,
such as the one displaying the FOG indicia, is positioned within
the aperture 50, both switches 102 are in contact with the
conductive ribbon 100 to complete a circuit and activate the amber
indicators. A conductive ribbon 100 could be located on the
opposite edge of a different frame 64 and could be used in
conjunction with another pair of switches 102 to activate a
different arrangement of flashing indicators.
FIG. 9 also illustrates the frame 64 displaying the DANGER indicia
activating the red indicators. In the preferred embodiment,
flashing amber is used to indicate an intermediate state of
emergency. Flashing red is used to indicate the situation of
extreme danger.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram of the control logic for remotely
located changeable sign. Communication between a remote central
station and the changeable sign is accomplished by means of a sign
communication system, generally designated as 200. The transmitter
portion of the communication system is located remotely at a
control station with a receiver located in each of the changeable
signs to be controlled.
Also, if desired, each sign can contain its own separate
transmitter such that the sign is able to communicate directly with
the remote central station upon command. AS mentioned hereinbefore,
each changeable sign can be equipped with separate detectors for
sensing a local condition and transmitting data thereof via the
sign communication system 200 For example, local sensors generally
represented by block 202 which include such detectors and sensors
as traffic density detectors, weather condition sensors excessive
speed detector-alarms, automatic vehicle identification detectors
and the like, are operatively connected to the sign communication
system 200 for communication with the remote central station. The
sensors 202 would include the necessary logic and circuitry for
detecting transmitted interrogation codes and for transmitting the
requested data from the local sensors. It is contemplated that the
sign communication system 200 could communicate with a remote
central station with any known communication means, such as
teletype, telephone cables, FM radio signals and the like.
Generally, the sign communication system 200 is used to transmit
received information to the sign control system illustrated by
dashed box 204. In one embodiment, a sign control signal is encoded
in a binary format and has a station address code or address signal
portion and a command position code or command signal portion. In
this embodiment, a 20-bit code is used comprising an address signal
formed of a first and second character each of which comprise 8
bits each and a 4-bit command signal. Each 8-bit character includes
a 3-bit parity and a 5-bit coded address. In FIG. 10, one
embodiment of a sign control system 204 includes control logic 206
which is operatively connected to the sign communication system 200
to receive demodulated sign control signals therefrom. The sign
control signals are coded and modulated by the radio frequency
signal by transmission from a remote central station to the signs
located in the area which is controlled by the central station.
Each sign simultaneously receives and demodulates the transmitted
modulated coded sign control signal and applies the demodulated
control signal to the control logic 206. The control logic 206
removes the parity bits from the control signals and passes the
same to an input register 208 which is utilized for temporary
storage of the received signal. Typically, the input register 208
can be formed of a plurality of flip-flops.
In addition, each sign has a permanent storage memory 210 into
which a preassigned address signal has been stored. The address
signal for the particular sign is applied as one input to a logic
comparator 212 while the other input to the logic comparator 212 is
the address code portion of the control signal from input register
208. The logic comparator 212, which functions as a logic
translator, determines if the address code portion of the control
signal matches the permanent address code stored in the permanent
storage memory 210. The result of this logic comparison is applied
by the logic comparator 212 to the control logic 206 to determine
if the particular sign should execute the command portion of the
control signal. If the logic comparator 212 determines that the
address code is for the particular sign, the control logic 206 then
activates a counter 214 and a drive motor logic 218 to execute the
command code portion of the sign information signal. The command
code portion of the sign control signal stored in the input
register 208 is applied to a direction logic 220 so that the
appropriate sign direction can be determined in order to activate
the drive motor logic 218. The position of the scroll before
execution of the command code is determined by a sign position
logic 224. A digital code representing the sign position is
generated by the sign position logic 224 and applied to the
direction logic 220, the input register 208 and a flasher logic
226. The direction logic 220 then determines he direction in which
the drive motor logic 218 is to program a drive motor control 228
for actuating a control motor 230 for driving the scroll mechanism
232 to transport the strip of transparent material 60 in FIG. 6B.
By use of a sign position logic 224, the drive motor control 228
can actuate the control motor 230 in either the forward or reverse
direction such that the scroll mechanism 232 is properly driven to
position the desired sign indicia in the opening of the sign
housing.
As illustrated in FIG. 6B, the more dangerous conditions are shown
to occur toward the bottom of the strip of transparent material 60.
In this manner, as road conditions worsen, it takes less time to
advance from a less dangerous driving condition to a more dangerous
driving condition. For example, if normal driving conditions exist,
the maximum speed limit, such as 70 m.p.h. illustrated by area 64
on the transparent strip 60 in FIG. 6B, can be displayed advising a
motorist of the maximum speed limit. As the driving conditions
become less favorable, a slower speed can be shown, such as a 60,
50 or 40 m.p.h. indication. If a SLOW, FOG or DANGER condition is
shown, it takes less time to advance the strip of transparent
material from, say, 40 m.p.h. to DANGER than it would take to
advance the sign from 70 m.p.h. to DANGER.
As discussed hereinbefore, when a caution or dangerous condition is
displayed by the sign, the flasher logic 226 is responsive to the
sign position logic 224 to actuate the flashing lights, generally
designated as 234 in FIG. 10. In this manner, the sign control
system is responsive to the sign communication system 200 to
control the sign apparatus which includes the drive motor control
228, the control motor 230, the scroll mechanism 232 which in turn
controls the sign position logic 224, and the flashing lights
234.
It is contemplated that the sign control logic could be constructed
of solid-state components using known resistor-transistor logic
(RTL) integrated circuits which are well known in the art. Since
RTL is well known in the art, a detailed description of the
circuits forming the sign control system 204 is not deemed
necessary.
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