U.S. patent number 3,610,984 [Application Number 04/786,221] was granted by the patent office on 1971-10-05 for rotating-anode x-ray tube with multiple focal areas.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd.. Invention is credited to Yoshitaka Seki, Kaname Tanabe.
United States Patent |
3,610,984 |
Seki , et al. |
October 5, 1971 |
ROTATING-ANODE X-RAY TUBE WITH MULTIPLE FOCAL AREAS
Abstract
A rotating-anode X-ray tube wherein the anode target has a first
focal plane made of tungsten and a second focal plane made of
molybdenum, rhodium, silver or palladium, there are disposed
opposite to said first and second focal planes first and second
cathodes in such a manner that each cathode impinges electrons on
the corresponding focal plane, the voltage to be impressed on these
cathodes can be varied by an external means, and there can be
obtained, as required, a hard X-ray from the first focal plane or a
soft X-ray from the second focal plane.
Inventors: |
Seki; Yoshitaka (Yokohama-shi,
JA), Tanabe; Kaname (Yokohama-shi, JA) |
Assignee: |
Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co.,
Ltd. (Kawasaki, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
13846281 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/786,221 |
Filed: |
December 23, 1968 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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|
|
|
|
Dec 28, 1967 [JA] |
|
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84998/67 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
378/125; 378/124;
378/144; 378/115; 378/134 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01J
35/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01J
35/10 (20060101); H01J 35/00 (20060101); H01j
035/10 (); H05g 001/34 () |
Field of
Search: |
;313/55,56,60,330
;250/90,93,94,95,99 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Kominski; John
Assistant Examiner: LaRoche; E. R.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A rotating anode X-ray tube with multiple focal areas for
emitting optimum X-rays for general purpose radiography and soft
X-rays for mammography, comprising:
a. an evacuated envelope, X-rays
b. a rotatable anode means housed in said envelope and provided
with a target,
c. first and second concentric annular focal areas provided on said
target, said first focal area made of a metal selected from the
group consisting of tungsten and an alloy consisting mainly of
tungsten and said second focal area made of a metal selected from
the group consisting of molybdenum, rhodium, silver, palladium and
alloys consisting mainly of any one thereof, and
d. a cathode means spaced from said target, and having two
filaments each of which is arranged opposite to each of said focal
areas and is independently operable by means of an external
circuit.
2. An X-ray tube according to claim 1 wherein the upper peripheral
portion of the target gently inclines outward and the focal planes
are disposed on said peripheral portion.
3. An X-ray tube according to claim 2 wherein the upper peripheral
portion of the target inclines in two steps and the inner
inclination is sharper than the outer one.
4. An X-ray tube according to claim 2 wherein the upper peripheral
portion of the target inclines in two steps and the inner
inclination is more gentle than the outer one.
5. An X-ray tube according to claim 2, 3 or 4 wherein the inner
focal plane consists of tungsten and the outer focal plane of
molybdenum.
6. An X-ray tube according to claim 2, 3 or 4 wherein the inner
focal plane consists of molybdenum and the outer focal plane of
tungsten.
7. An X-ray tube according to claim 2 wherein the upper peripheral
portion of the target inclines upward toward the periphery and the
focal planes are disposed on said peripheral portion.
8. An X-ray tube according to claim 2 wherein the cathode member
comprises two filaments provided at different positions, and as
occasion demands, only either one thereof is operated by an
external circuit.
9. A rotating-anode X-ray tube, comprising in combination:
a. a rotating anode section (3) sealed towards one end of an
evacuated envelope (1) mounted on a stationary section (2) with
electromagnet means (4) outside said envelope to rotate said anode
section;
b. cathode means (8) at the other end of said evacuated envelope
with spatially arranged inner and outer filaments (6 and 7)
operable by means of an external circuit; and,
c. a circular target plate (5) with an inclined surface mounted on
said anode opposite said cathode means (8) so that beams from said
filaments (6 and 7) are concentrated on two focal points spatially
separated in the radial direction, this rotation of said target
plate (5) defining two concentric circles of different radii by
said two focal points, forming an inner focal plane near the axial
center including the inner focal point on the target plates
consisting of a disc (13) made of a first metal and an outer focal
plane including the outer focal point consisting of a plate (14),
made of a second metal, one of said metals being mainly tungsten or
an alloy mainly of tungsten while the other of said metal is a
metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, rhodium,
silver, palladium or an alloy mainly of any one thereof.
Description
The present invention relates to a rotating-anode X-ray tube.
Heretofore, the anode target of a rotating-anode X-ray tube chiefly
used in an X-ray apparatus for medical examination has consisted of
a circular disk made of tungsten or an alloy mainly composed
thereof.
As is well known, the X-rays emitted from an X-ray tube provided
with a tungsten target display a specific wave length distribution
defined by a combination of the continuous X-ray whose wave
length-intensity characteristic depends on the voltage impressed
across the cathode and target of an X-ray tube and X-ray such as
WL.alpha., WL.beta., WK.alpha., WK.beta., characteristic of the
tungsten. The intensity of the X-rays is substantially
proportionate to the X-ray tube current.
Where ordinary X-ray photographs are taken for medical examination,
there are practiced various methods, for example, of selecting an
X-ray tube voltage adapted for the object intended so as to obtain
X--rays of the desired intensity or rendering the quality of X-rays
hard using a filter made of aluminum or the like, with the view of
generating X-rays having such wave length distribution as will
display the best effect depending on the parts of a foreground
subject or thicknesses thereof to be exposed to X-rays or the
objects of taking such photographs.
With respect to the various parts of the human body such as the
circulatory system including the limbs, head, dental section,
chest, heart, etc. and the digestive system which have heretofore
constituted the general subjects of the X-ray photography, the
object of such photography has been fully attained by means of an
X-ray tube having the aforesaid tungsten target and by selecting
proper photographing conditions.
However, the photography or what is called mammography of the soft
tissues of the breast intended for medical examination of the
diseases associated with the mammary glands which have recently
been taken up in radiology requires even the slightest differences
in the density of the soft tissues of the foreground subject to be
distinctly indicated on an X-ray photograph. Since it is necessary
to this end to provide a source of soft X-rays of great intensity,
there have heretofore been used the X-rays generated by impressing
a voltage having a peak value of 20 to 50 kvp. on an X-ray tube
provided with a target made of tungsten or alloys thereof. However,
the quality of X-rays generated by the conventional X-ray tube at a
peak voltage of 20 to 50 kvp. was not always suitable to photograph
the aforementioned soft tissues. The reason was that the
characteristic X-rays obtained at said peak voltage only consisted
of very long waves exceeding 1.4 Angstrom units mainly including
WL.alpha. and WL.beta.. The X-rays of such wave lengths were
useless for the desired X--ray photography. On the other hand, the
continuous X-ray had a certain smooth wave length distribution, and
naturally restricted the parts of a foreground subject which would
be effectively photographed thereby, so that this type of X-ray
was, of course, unsuitable for the desired photography.
Exactly to record minute differences in the X-ray absorption by the
foreground subject on an X-ray photographic film, there have
heretofore been made various attempts, for example, of using an
X-ray tube provided with a tungsten target at a voltage selected
from the peak range of from 20 to 50 kvp. or constructing the X-ray
irradiating window so as to obtain X-rays having a wave length
distribution containing a great deal of a useful component for the
desired photography. However, all these attempts have not achieved
fully satisfactory results.
The present invention provides a rotating-anode X-ray tube which
comprises an anode target whose first focal plane consists of
tungsten or an alloy mainly consisting thereof and emits hard
X-rays and whose second focal plane consists of molybdenum,
rhodium, silver, palladium or an alloy mainly consisting of any one
thereof and, if required, emits soft X-rays of great intensity, and
at least one cathode so positioned as to face either of these focal
planes, and wherein the first and second focal planes are
differentiated in use as occasion demands, making it possible not
only to emit optimum X-rays for general purpose radiography but
also to take distinct mammographic pictures.
The present invention can be more fully understood from the
following detailed description when taken in connection with the
accompanying drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 represents a rotating anode X-ray tube according to an
embodiment of the present invention with a part indicated in
section;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an external circuit for supplying the X-ray
tube of FIG. 1 with the required current and voltage; and
FIGS. 3 to 7 show the sectional views of modified targets of the
present rotating-anode X-ray tube.
We have studied various materials for use as a target in the
emission of soft X-rays in search for a suitable one and found that
metals such as molybdenum, rhodium, silver, palladium and alloys
mainly consisting of any one thereof are well adapted for use as a
target in generating soft X-rays.
Comparison of the radiation Dose and qualitites of X-rays emitted
from the molybdenum and tungsten targets is given in Tables 1 and 2
below.
Table 1 Radiation Dose (R/min) Tube voltage (kvp) 20 30 50 80
Target material A Tungsten 0.28 1.2 6.0 19.5
__________________________________________________________________________
B Molybdenum 0.37 2.32 12.6 32.5 B/A 1.32 1.93 2.10 1.67
__________________________________________________________________________
Table 2 Half Value Layer (HVL) of aluminum (mm.) Tube voltage
(kvp.) Target Material 20 30 50 80
__________________________________________________________________________
Tungsten 0.16 0.28 0.45 0.73
__________________________________________________________________________
Molybdenum 0.20 0.35 0.55 0.65
__________________________________________________________________________
As shown in Table 1, the molybdenum target emits a larger absolute
radiation quantity of X-rays than the tungsten target and the
ratios of emissions by these targets progressively increase until
the tube voltage rises to 50 kvp.
With respect to the quality of X-rays irradiated, the molybdenum
target displays a larger half value layer of aluminum than the
tungsten target within the peak voltage of from 20 to 50 kvp. as
shown in Table 2, and under the same X-ray tube load, is more
prominently abundant in useful energy range of X-rays Accordingly,
the molybdenum target generates X-rays of great intensity in the
wavelength zone around the energy of 20 kv. which is most suitable
for the soft X-ray radiography, and only slightly suffers the
attenuation of X-ray intensity caused by means for correcting the
wave length distribution such as filtration. Also a target made of
rhodium, silver, palladium, their alloys with molybdenum or alloys
mainly consisting of at least one of these single metals produces
useful X-rays having an enough intensity in the wave length zone
around the energy of 20 to 26 kv. which is available for the
desired soft X-ray radiography at a tube voltage of 20 to 50
kvp.
As previously described, however, a target made of the above-listed
metals or alloys thereof is unsuitable for use at a tube voltage
exceeding 80 kvp., so that it is only available for the soft X-ray
radiography and barred from application in general purpose X-ray
radiography.
The X-ray tube of the present invention comprises a plurality of
independently operable cathodes or at least one cathode capable of
emitting electrons at varying positions and a target disposed
opposite to said cathode or cathodes whose focal plane
corresponding to at least one of these cathodes or at least one of
the varying X-ray emitting positions is made of tungsten or an
alloy mainly consisting thereof and whose focal plane corresponding
to at least one of the remaining cathodes or at least one of the
other X-ray emitting positions consists of molybdenum, rhodium,
silver, palladium or an alloy mainly consisting of any one thereof.
Accordingly, the X-ray tube of the present invention is freely
applicable either in the soft X-ray or general purpose radiography
by selectively exciting one of the plurality of cathodes or
shifting the position of at least one cathode.
There will now be described an embodiment of the present invention
by reference to the appended drawing. In FIG. 1, there is rotatably
supported a rotating anode section 3 by means of bearing on a
stationary section 2 sealed to one end of an evacuated envelope 1,
said anode section 3 being rotated by a coil 4 disposed on the
outside. To the furthest end of the terminal axle section 3a of the
rotating anode section 3 is fitted a circular umbrella-shaped
target plate 5 whose upper surface excluding the central part
gently inclines downward.
To the other end of the evacuated envelope 1 is fixed a cathode
means 8 provided with two filaments 6 and 7 which are spatially
arranged opposite to the target plate 5 and are each independently
operable by means of an external circuit as shown in FIG. 2. The
target plate 5 and filaments 6 and 7 are disposed in such
relationship that the electron beams 9 and 10 emitted from said
filaments 6 and 7 are concentrated on two focal points 11 and 12
spatially located in the radial direction on the inclined upper
surface of the target plate 5. Where the target plate 5 rotates,
the loci of the two focal points 11 and 12 define two concentric
circles of different radii on the surface of the target plate
5.
According to this embodiment, the focal plane near the axial center
including the inner focal point 12 on the surface of the target
plate 5 consists of a circular disk 13 of tungsten and the outer
focal plane including the outer focal point 11 is composed of a
plate 14 of molybdenum which constitutes the base body of the
target plate 5.
FIG. 2 represents an external circuit for supplying the X-ray tube
with the prescribed tube current and voltage. This circuit supplies
a high voltage by a high tension transformer 20 across a plate 3
and the respective ends of the filaments 6 and 7. There is
introduced an electric current by a filament transformer 21
positioned between the terminals of the filaments 6 and 7. There
may be contemplated various means for supplying an electric current
to either of the filaments 6 and 7 as occasion demands. However,
the illustrated circuit uses a change switch 22. It will be
apparent that other types of external circuits generally used in
the X-ray tube may also be available if only said filaments are
made interchangeably usable by various known means.
There will now be described various modifications of the target
plate 5 used in the aforesaid embodiment. The target of FIG. 3 has
a base body composed of molybdenum and constituting the inner focal
plane. The outer plane consists of an annular plate of tungsten
embedded in said base body. The target of FIG. 4 has a base body
made of molybdenum and constituting the outer focal plane, and the
inner focal plane made of tungsten is embedded in said base body.
It is also possible to fabricate the targets of FIGS. 3 and 4 by
preparing a base body constituting one focal plane from tungsten
and the other focal plane from molybdenum, rhodium, silver,
palladium or an alloy mainly consisting of any one thereof. The
relationship between the tungsten and other metals used in the
target in terms of their respective requirements and positions is
determined by the object of using an X-ray tube, namely, according
to whether the tube is demanded to emit large amounts of soft
X-rays or hard X-rays.
In the targets of FIGS. 5 and 6 the first and second focal planes
have different angles of inclination so as to cause X-rays to be
emitted into different fields from these focal planes. In the
target of FIG. 5 the focal plane forming the base body has a
smaller inclination than the other focal plane, and FIG. 6
represents a reverse arrangement. In both cases, the base body may
consist of either tungsten or molybdenum.
The target of FIG. 7 as a whole has a dish shape with a cavity
formed in the upper part. As illustrated, this target is fitted to
an X-ray tube in inclined relationship thereby to reduce the space
between the target and foreground subject and minimize loss of
X-rays therebetween.
As mentioned above, the X-ray tube of the present invention causes
the filaments of a cathode to be independently operated, namely,
excites one of the filaments to emit X-rays from the focal point of
one focal plane consisting of molybdenum for use in mammography and
actuates the other filaments to release X-rays from the focal point
of the other focal plane made of tungsten for use in the general
photography of parts of the human body. Namely, the present
invention makes it possible selectively to carry out either the
soft X-ray or general purpose radiography as occasion demands,
using a single X-ray tube. Moreover, the present X-ray tube has a
soft X-ray focal plane made of molybdenum, rhodium, silver,
palladium or an alloy mainly consisting of any one thereof, so that
there are always obtained suitable soft X-rays for mammography.
The foregoing embodiment relates to the case where there were used
two cathodes having the same focal lengths. However, it is also
possible to cause these cathodes to have different focal lengths,
or to provide three or more cathodes.
If the X-ray irradiating window of the evacuated envelope is made
of beryllium it will be advantageous for the soft X-ray
radiography. Or if the envelope consists of glass, the fabrication
of said window with thinner walls than the other parts of the
envelope will offer convenience.
* * * * *