U.S. patent number 3,609,300 [Application Number 04/827,095] was granted by the patent office on 1971-09-28 for automatic fare charging device.
Invention is credited to John Wolfgang Halpern.
United States Patent |
3,609,300 |
Halpern |
September 28, 1971 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
AUTOMATIC FARE CHARGING DEVICE
Abstract
A token having electrically operable storage means is accepted
and stored data is read from the token, data compared, and
passenger fare computed.
Inventors: |
Halpern; John Wolfgang (London,
W.C.1, EN) |
Family
ID: |
25248305 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/827,095 |
Filed: |
May 13, 1969 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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629046 |
Feb 10, 1967 |
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261529 |
Feb 27, 1963 |
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659196 |
Feb 16, 1967 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
235/384;
235/475 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06K
17/00 (20130101); G07B 15/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G06K
17/00 (20060101); G07B 15/02 (20060101); G06k
021/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;235/99,61.114,61.6,61.7
;194/4 ;340/51 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Cook; Daryl W.
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 629,046,
filed Feb. 10, 1967, which in turn was a continuation-in-part of
application Ser. No. 261,529, filed Feb. 27, 1963 and Ser. No.
659,196, filed Feb. 16, 1967, these applications now being
abandoned.
Claims
Having described my invention, what I claim is:
1. An automatic passenger fare charging device comprising:
a. carrier token receiving means for accepting a token having
electrically operable means for storing data,
b. the carrier token receiving means including means for reading
from the token data relating to entrance of the token user on the
carrier and generating an electrical signal reflecting this
data,
c. electrical signal generating means for creating a second signal
reflecting exit data,
d. comparison means for receiving the entrance data and exit data
signals and producing a differential signal reflecting the
difference between the entrance data and exit data signals,
e. fare charging means for receiving the differential signal and
reflecting the charge to be made for the trip on the basis of the
differential signal and the fare rate for the trip on the
carrier.
2. The automatic passenger fare charging device of claim 1,
wherein:
a. the fare charging means includes means for acting upon the
carrier token so that it reflects the charge made for the trip by
the user.
3. The automatic passenger fare charging device as set forth in
claim 1, wherein:
a. the carrier token electrically operable storage data means
contains information on a prepaid total credited to the token
user,
b. the fare charge means includes means for replacing the prepaid
total on the fare token with a net value of the token reflecting
deduction of the charge for the current trip on the common
carrier.
4. The automatic passenger fare charging device as set forth in
claim 3, including:
a. means for numerically printing out the net value of the
token.
5. The automatic passenger fare charging device of claim 1,
wherein:
a. the fare charging means includes means for exhibiting the fare
charge for the trip on the common carrier.
6. The automatic passenger fare charging device of claim 1,
wherein:
a. the fare charging means includes means for numerically printing
a figure reflecting the fare charge.
7. The automatic passenger fare charging device of claim 1,
wherein:
a. the fare charging means includes means for numerically printing
out the fare charge on the fare token.
8. The automatic passenger fare charging device of claim 6,
wherein:
a. the fare charging means includes means for marking token to
indicate when its net prepaid value drops below one or more preset
levels.
9. The automatic fare charging device of claim 1, wherein:
a. the carrier token reading means is a magnetic reading head.
10. The automatic passenger fare charging device of claim 1,
wherein:
a. the fare charge means includes means for applying a genuity mark
on the carrier token to indicate that a fare charge for the trip
has been made.
11. The automatic passenger fare charging device of claim 1,
wherein:
a. the carrier token receiving means includes sensing means to read
a genuity marking on the carrier token,
b. the sensing means being connected to a comparison means which
evaluates the genuity marking.
12. The automatic passenger fare charging device of claim 1,
wherein:
a. the carrier token receiving means includes sensing means to read
from the fare token whether a charge was made for the previous trip
on the carrier.
13. The automatic passenger fare charging device of claim 1,
wherein:
a. the carrier token includes a plurality of magnetic recording
strips,
b. the means for reading data from the token include a plurality of
magnetic reading heads disposed within the token receiving means so
as to be adjacent the magnetic recording strips on the carrier
token.
14. The automatic passenger fare charging device of claim 1,
including:
a. means responsive to a signal from the fare charge means for
controlling a turnstile.
15. The automatic passenger fare charging device of claim 1,
wherein:
a. the fare charge means includes computation means for applying a
preselected fare rate to a given differential signal.
16. The automatic fare charging device of claim 1, including:
a. carrier token receiving means for retaining the carrier token
after a charge has been reflected for the trip on the carrier.
17. The automatic passenger fare charging device of claim 1,
wherein:
a. the comparison means includes electrical shift register means to
which the entrance data and exit data signals are passed.
18. The automatic passenger fare charging device of claim 1,
including:
a. means for reading data from the carrier token relating to the
number of passengers using the token as a group and generating a
signal which is passed to the fare charge means,
b. the fare charge means including electrical means for combining
the multiple group signal with the fare charge for the trip to
obtain a group fare charge.
19. The automatic passenger fare charging device as set forth in
claim 1, wherein:
a. the carrier token electrically operable storage means has
information reflecting a prepaid credit to the token user,
b. comparison means for receiving and comparing prepaid data from
the token storage means and data on charge to be made for the trip
from the fare charging means.
20. The automatic passenger fare charging device as set forth in
claim 19, wherein:
a. the comparison means includes means for comparing data for a
series of trips taken.
21. The automatic passenger fare charging device as set forth in
claim 20, wherein:
a. the comparator means includes a register in which prepaid credit
data is stored,
b. means responsive to the prepaid data comparator means for
controlling an exit mechanism.
Description
This invention relates to record controlled data handling and
computer devices and particularly to methods and means for
calculating and recording fares in public transit systems.
The need for devising improved methods for charging passengers has
been recognized by experts and laymen alike as a part of making
commuter services in towns and cities more attractive. It is
becoming more and more desirable to find such improvements. Traffic
congestion in many places reduces speed to such an extent that both
public and private vehicles users are severely hampered.
The main object of the present invention is to provide a record
controlled data handling system on vehicles or at stations by means
of which it should become possible drastically to reduce all money
handling operations on vehicles or at stations.
Another object of the invention is to provide means on vehicles or
at stations for generating the data which in cooperation with a
record bearer will compute fares in accordance with some equitable
principle, and use the computed fare value for making a new record
on a record bearer.
A subsidiary object of the invention is to provide
commuter-operated equipment by which a passenger can without the
attendance of a conductor ascertain the fare chargeable or have it
automatically charged at the end of a journey.
An important object of the invention is to specify a method for
making it recognizable on a record bearer if a passenger has failed
to procure a record of the fare payable, and thus to make physical
constraints (turnstiles etc.) unnecessary.
A subsidiary object of the invention is also to procure means by
which a passenger who has failed to procure a record of the fare
payable at an exit point should be charged a penalty when he next
uses a public transport vehicle.
These and other objects will become apparent by the subsequent
description. Many of the circuits however are also conceived to be
usable with advantage in other types of consumption or service
places.
The present invention comprises apparatus for introducing a record
bearer into a record sensing system, apparatus for storing the
sensed information and for comparing it with information derived
from a data generator, other data generators for producing data
significant for the points of entry and exit respectively, means
for changing said significant data and means for recording computer
output data on a record bearer.
Broadly the invention provides record controlled input and output
systems for data relevant to consumption estimation in public
servicing places, and more particularly for fare estimation in
passenger transit systems in which the record bearer include
magnetic material for recording on it initial data significant of
any prepaid aggregate fare value, and having first record checking
means operative at a point of passenger entry, for recording on a
record bearer data significant of the point of entry, and second
record bearer checking means operative at a passenger's destination
for comparing said first-mentioned information and said
second-mentioned information with information produced by said
second checking means significant of a point of passenger exit from
a vehicle or from a station, and for recording on said record
bearer data indicative of the prepaid value minus all fares
including the last one.
One feature of the invention is that the said record bearer is
intended to be used by passengers in a manner similar to a prepaid
season ticket, however with the difference that unlike a season
ticket its use is limited not by a fixed period of validity but by
a ceiling of aggregate travelled fare units, or in some cases also
a ceiling of aggregate travel time units.
Another feature of the present invention also relates to the use of
several recording tracks having different functions, and of the use
of data which are characterized by the number of oscillations per
time unit, or by a combination of such oscillations.
Another feature of the invention is the use of several recording
tracks having different functions, and the use of data
characterized by the number of pulse bits or pulse configurations
recorded or recordable on a record bearer.
Still another feature of the invention is the provision of a
computer controlled means for admitting at any one time only a
predeterminable maximum number of passengers into the vehicle for
entry registration of record bearers.
Still another feature relates to methods of guarding against misuse
of the system by providing circuits which at an entry point apply
to a record bearer a signal devised to identify a particular
vehicle or a particular route, and further by providing at exit
points of said vehicles circuits which compare the identity of the
recorded vehicle signal with the said vehicle signal.
One of the features of the invention is a circuit by means of which
a group of passengers collectively travelling a certain number of
fare stages may be charged against the record of a single record
bearer.
Still another feature of the invention are circuit means by which
traffic authorities may flexibly apply discounts to different
travelled fare stage distances to encourage travel during certain
hours of the day or on certain days of a week, etc.
The invention will now be described by way of an example in which
the invention is applied to a transport system and in which the
record bearer is a ticket or token. This example is described with
reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates diagrammatically the record tracks on a ticket
or token having different functions, and which functions are to be
provided for single journeys only.
FIG. 2 illustrates the record tracks having different functions,
and to be provided when each individual ticket or token entitles to
a multiplicity of journeys up to a predetermined and prepaid
maximum of aggregate fare stage distances.
FIG. 3 shows a similar track pattern with additional tracks to be
provided when several persons use a single ticket or token as a
joint ticket (group ticket).
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a circuit capable of recording on a
ticket or token instruction references concerning the number of
times a travelled fare charge at an exit point must be multiplied
with in order to enable a group of persons to record their joint
fare charge on a ticket or token.
FIG. 5 shows a diagrammatic scheme of a machine and associated
devices for checking tickets at the starting point of a
journey.
FIG. 6 shows a diagrammatic scheme of a machine and associated
devices for checking tickets at the finishing point of a
journey.
FIG. 7 shows in part an exit and entry door of a road vehicle
equipped with the electrical and mechanical facilities of the
system of this invention.
FIG. 8 is a top plan view of FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an exemplary form of ticket for use
with the system of the invention.
FIG. 10 is a longitudinal section of the ticket of FIG. 9.
FIG. 11 shows in plan view part of the ticket of FIG. 9 with
numerals imprinted or engraved on it which are progressively
deleted or over printed as the initial value of the ticket
decreases.
FIGS. 12 and 13 shows respectively a diagrammatic plan view and
side view of a modified form of a machine for checking tickets at
the starting point of a journey.
FIG. 14 shows the chief elements of a frequency-sensitive detector
for signals containing one or more frequency components picked up
from a ticket by a reading head and fed into the input side of the
detector, the output exciting a thyratron or similar power
amplifier.
FIG. 15 shows of storing a ticket derived signal characteristic for
the entry point together with a method of deducting from the
residual value of the ticket the last travelled fare value, all on
the understanding that the signals used are oscillations of
different frequencies;
FIG. 16a shows a ticket with recessed grooves used as channels for
magnetic records and it also indicates the purpose and the space
reserved on the ticket for different kind of signals, on the
understanding that said signals consist of pulses.
FIG. 16b shows a side view of such ticket with recessed
grooves.
FIG. 17 gives a fundamental logical diagram for the function of the
ticket system at the entry side, to facilitate the explanation of
the application of pulse technique to the invention.
FIG. 18 shows the reading heads and their positions respectively
opposite the ticket grooves, in the entry registration unit.
FIG. 19 shows the connection of said reading heads to checking and
entry number recording units in the entry registration
apparatus.
FIG. 20 shows the reading heads used in the Exit Registration
Apparatus and respectively their positions opposite the ticket
grooves, and
FIG. 21 shows the connection of said reading and recording heads
with checking the fare value calculating and final ticket value
recording units in the Exit Registration Apparatus.
FIGS. 22 and 23 are schematic diagrams modifying FIGS. 20 and 21
for use in the Entry Registration Apparatus.
FIG. 24 illustrates a fare device which could be used in a
time-lapse and zonal system combination.
By way of introduction it may be assumed that in the embodiment to
be described the tickets may be strong plastic tapes combined with
such substances as would be receptive to electrical or magnetic
field variations, as explained above.
It should be assumed that there are differential fares for
different distances, and that for practical purposes a route is
subdivided into a number of fare stages, or zones. In a town where
there are many routes, all routes would be subdivided into fare
stages of, as far as possible, equal zone distances.
By means of the system to be proposed, a passenger may buy a ticket
for a definite interzone distance and be able to use it on any
route to cover the prescribed number of zone stages. This would
lead to a simplification of the ticket systems as known today.
Passengers may supply themselves in advance with books of preferred
zone tickets, and these would be applicable anywhere within the
transport system. The specialization of a ticket would begin at the
moment of entering a bus, railway station or tram, etc. This is,
according to the invention, to be achieved by recording on the
"ticket" a series of pulses the frequency of which would be
different or the pulse order of which would be different, for
different fare stage zone distances.
In practice the system would work as follows: A ticket holder, upon
entering a vehicle or station platform would place his ticket into
a slot from which the ticket is guided into a machine where another
series of pulses is magnetically or otherwise imprinted, and
immediately afterwards, the ticket is reoffered to the ticket
holder. This second signal is now to be characteristic for the
starting station, or the zone in which the journey was started.
When finally the passenger leaves the vehicle, he places the ticket
into another slot from which the ticket is passed on to a reading
head reading the frequency or pulse number of the oscillations
present on the ticket.
Each station within a given traffic route would be allocated a
definite pulse combination or pulse frequency. A bus driving
through different zones of a town would generate in the ticket
control machine signals which would alter according to a preset
plan, either continuously, or at each point of transit from one
zone into another.
The idea of the invention is further to let the three informing
elements-- the zone distance frequency prerecorded on the ticket
and symbolizing the ticket value, the zone starting frequency
recorded only at the moment the passenger registers his ticket when
mounting the vehicle, and the zone exit frequency, generated by the
ticket machine at the moment the vehicle halts at a given stop, act
together by electronic means, and to show up by visual indicators,
or also by mechanical means, whether the prepaid fare was fully
paid, underpaid, or overpaid. The said oscillations may also be
carried by subsonic pulses to render imitation more difficult. Also
combination of audiofrequencies may be used to represent a signal.
FIG. 1 indicates the signal elements on an individual value token
or ticket. In the center, there is a magnetic track A along which
magnetic pulses may be recorded representing the value of the
ticket. To anticipate the possibility of this signment being
forged, a separate but closely adjacent checking line C is
provided, for example detectable by photoelectric polarized or
nonpolarized light sensitive means, and the like.
There are also lines or recording tracks "B" on each side of the
ticket which in the case of transport vehicles operating on
zone-divided routes would mark the particular point of entry within
the route.
When the passenger leaves the vehicle he must insert his ticket
into another checking machine, say in the vicinity of the driver's
seat, or at station turnstiles. In this machine the zone entry
signals are electronically compared with the specific zone pulses
of the exit station, and the result of this comparison is then
further compared with the signal on the token which defines the
price paid for the ticket, i.e., the signal on recording track
"A."
As a result of these comparisons, the machine will tell the ticket
holder whether he has paid the right amount, or too much when the
machine would refund the balance, say in the form of another ticket
of the described type, or whether he had paid too little for the
journey when the machine would demand the balance.
FIG. 2 indicates the functional buildup of a ticket which has a
record of the progressive devaluation of the ticket as a
consequence of multiple use. According to a form of the invention,
such ticket would permit its holder to make many minor purchases
with such ticket, up to a prepaid value before the ticket becomes
finally exhausted or invalid. Applied to the transport field, a
passenger holding such ticket may make a number of individual
journeys at any intervals of time, up to a total mileage, or up to
a total number of travel zones.
As before, the pulse tracks B--B would register the oscillation or
number of pulses allocated to a particular point of passenger entry
into the vehicle. This is however not necessarily a record of the
value of the ticket if we assume that all tickets have one
cumulative value, say equivalent to 30 average journeys, or 50
miles, or fares for 75 zones.
Thus, it can be seen that a ticket would be issued which would have
a cumulative value. In other words, as the ticket is progressively
used in the transportation system, automatic sensing and control
circuitry would be responsive to insert this expended usage onto
the ticket. Thus, the time when information indicative of 75 zones
of expended travel had been read onto the ticket, automatic
circuitry would be responsive to determine this occurrence. On the
other hand, when the ticket is initially issued, it would contain
or have recorded thereon actual information which is equivalent to
a specified prepaid number of journeys, or miles, or fares. In this
instance, as the ticket is successively used in a transportation
system the expended journey, or miles, or fares zones would be
subtracted from the balance or residual resulting from the original
recordation of information on the ticket.
Such ticket, therefore, would not be withdrawn by the machine after
every use, but it would be reoffered to the ticket holder. Only
when the sum of the consumed values reaches or approaches the
actually paid-for value of the token or ticket, the same would be
automatically retained by the checking machine. As will be seen
from an alternative version explained later on, the token or ticket
may be imprinted or punched with a devaluating mark and then
reissued so that it may be used as a receipt. During the use time
of the ticket its holder may be informed by the machine when
registering how much of the ticket value is left, say by means of
luminous digits, or by issuing a receipt. Still other methods
aiming at the production of current information will be described
later. In larger towns "aggregate value tickets" may be allowed in
all forms of transport permitting free changeover without regard to
the factor time. That is, the person utilizing the ticket would not
be limited to any particular interval of time in which he must
transfer from transport vehicle to another.
A description follows of entry and exit checking machines for
aggregate value tickets according to one form of the invention. A
similar description for the first-mentioned "single-value" tickets
need not be given since such checking machine would contain one or
more features of the devices described hereunder.
FIG. 5 shows an Entry registration machine mounted in a vehicle,
say a bus, whereas FIG. 6 shows an Exit registration machine also
mounted in the same vehicle.
Numeral 1 signifies the hull of the bus near the entry door, 2 is a
slot for inserting the ticket, 3 is a delivery platform on which
the ticket is reoffered by the machine. There are two endless
conveyor belts, 4 and 5, the former going around the pulley system
6, 7, 8, 9 while the latter goes partly independently around
pulleys 11, 12, 13 and 14, conjointly with 4 from pulley 10 to 15.
When a ticket is introduced at 2 it is gripped between the two
belts in the direction of the arrows. The conveyor belts must be so
thin that the magnetic induction obtained in the reading heads from
the pulse record on the ticket would not be materially attenuated.
Alternatively, the arrangement may be so that the endless sections
of the belt are narrowed and several such are arranged along the
whole path with free spacings between them where the magnetic heads
may directly touch the passing ticket. The ticket finally emerges
at the lower slot and platform 3. The drawing shows at the upper
part of the belt 4 three rectangular figures marked .beta..sub.1,
.alpha..sub.1, .beta..sub.2. These represent three reading heads
which are so placed in relation to the feed system of the ticket
that they come to face the recording tracks B-A-B, see FIGS. 1 and
2. When a ticket travels between the two belts it first passes the
named reading heads. The reading head in the middle is connected to
an amplifier and checking unit 16 which checks the control
frequency recorded on lines "C," see FIG. 2 or 3. If there is any
irregularity in this signal, the set would strike a thyratron whose
output would be passed through the solenoid 17 geared to a flaplike
extension 19 in the lower face of the ejection platform 20. When,
therefore, the ticket emerges from the conveyor belts, it will drop
into the retaining box 21. On the other hand, if the checking
signal was correct, the unit would cause another thyratron or the
like to strike whose output would pass through, for example, an
electric door lock attached to the gate mechanism for the
passenger, for example such system as illustrated by FIGS. 7 and
8.
To avoid the use of two thyratrons, the arrangement may be slightly
modified in that the flaplike extension 19, FIG. 5, by means of
spring tension would be retained in the ticket reject position
(interrupted line), that is, in a position through which the ticket
is guided into the retention basket 21 instead of being returned to
the ticket holder. Only if the electromagnetical actuator 17 is
energized, the extension 19 is withdrawn. The condition for this to
happen is, as already explained, that the detector and thyratron
stage 16, FIG. 18 is excited by the correct genuity checking signal
on the ticket when passing through the entry registration unit. The
output signal from unit 16, alone or in combination with said
selective ticket returning function, may be used also for operating
electropneumatic doors or arresting latches for entry gates and the
like, for example, such as illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8.
As will be seen from the description of the ticket system later on,
the presence of the genuity checking frequency on the ticket at the
entry point of a journey proves that the passenger had paid for his
preceding journey which he made with the same ticket. If he had
avoided exit registration, this is discovered in the entry
registration machine and according to one alternative of the
invention the ticket would be withdrawn and the ticket holder would
be prevented from passing through the entry gate of the vehicle.
According to another alternative, the genuity checking signal on
the ticket, or rather its absence, causes a signal to be recorded
on the ticket but the passenger is admitted into the vehicle; the
mentioned signal is detected in the exit registration unit there
causing a penalty deduction from the ticket value in addition to
the normal fare value deduction.
The heads .beta..sub.1 and .beta..sub.2 have no other purpose than
either to check that there is no remnant signal on recording tracks
B--B, or alternatively, to apply an erasing signal to these tracks
so as to ensure that no such spurious record may be present on
them, such as may produce faulty results in the latter phases of
the registration cycle.
In its further progress the ticket would pass recording heads
.beta..sub.3 and .beta..sub.4 and these impress upon tracks B--B a
specific signal to signify a specific point of entry along the
route of the vehicle concerned. According to the nature of the
signal one may for example speak of a "ZONE FREQUENCY" or a "ZONE
PULSE NUMBER," either of which may be thought of as being generated
in a unit 23, FIG. 5. The zone frequency may be a continuous train
of oscillation, or a chain of pulses. According to one proposal,
unit 23 emits a constant number of pulses per second, whenever the
vehicle stops within a definite fare zone, but changes when the
vehicle passes into a new fare zone. The adjustment of the
frequency is obtained by means of a switch 24, say near the
driver's seat. It would be the duty of the driver to advance the
switch by one step each time he is about to enter a new zone.
Alternatively, the switch arm 24 may be geared to the wheels of the
vehicle and may be advanced continuously, in small steps
representing subdivisions of zones.
After this phase, there are now recorded on the ticket the signal
signifying a particular point of entry. The whole procedure of
recording this signal on the ticket may be so fast that it would
constitute no holdup for the passenger.
The block marked .alpha.'.sub.2 does not signify the use of a
magnetic head but only the relative position of the middle track
and the .beta. tracks. The magnetic head marked .omega.' serves to
check another genuity signal, namely that optionally recorded
alongside track B, on track D, FIG. 2. The magnetic head .omega."
erases the genuity checking signals on track C and/or D
respectively. An oscillator generating a high-frequency signal in
.omega." is not shown in the diagram.
We assume now that the passenger has made his journey and wishes to
alight. All he has to do is to drop the ticket into the slot near
the exit door, see FIG. 6. The ticket after being seized by the
belts guided by the pulleys 25-28, and 29-33, first passes heads
.alpha..sub.2, .beta..sub.5, .beta..sub.6. The middle element
.alpha..sub.2 feeds into unit 34, a storing unit, where the
aggregate number of zone pulses as are recorded on line "A," FIG. 2
(if any) are stored and passed on to an arithmetic comparator or
adding unit 35A also serving as a store unit. The two outer
playback elements .beta..sub.5 and .beta..sub.6 feed into unit 35
storing there a memory of the pulse number recorded on the ticket
on tracks "B"-"B." The pulse number thereby stored in unit 35 is
now compared with the pulse number stored in a unit 36 connected to
23, and the comparison takes place in the unit marked "COM-," 37,
where these numbers are subtracted, or divided if a geometrical
system is used, and stored. Its (COM-) contents is then added to
the content of 35A, and then passed to the transfer unit 38 which
in turn, responsive to an order obtained from the travelling ticket
itself, is fed into the head .alpha..sub.4. A mechanical function
may also be attached to the transfer unit 38 in that it would give
free a gate on the condition that the number of aggregate consumed
values as signalled from recording line "A" on the ticket plus the
last travelled fare value is not larger than that paid for. From
the "COM+" unit, 35A, may be derived information concerning the
number of zones consumed, or how many are still available for use
on the ticket.
Another set of heads, .beta..sub.7, .alpha..sub.3, .beta..sub.8 is
interposed between the group .alpha..sub.2, .beta..sub.5,
.beta..sub.6 and head .alpha..sub.4. Their purpose is to erase all
signal records on the ticket. The erasing is done in the way known
for electroacoustical magnetic recording apparatus, namely, by
applying a strong sine wave of a frequency considerably higher than
that of the signal range used, to a recording head to be used as an
erasing head. The oscillator required for generating the erasing
signal is not indicated in FIG. 6. The heads .alpha..sub.3,
.beta..sub.7, .beta..sub.8 are not required at all if the system is
worked by pulse coding techniques since these usually operate with
synchronizing clock pulses so that a new pulse automatically
overrides an old one.
Head has an important function. It rerecords on track "C" and/or
"D" the "genuity-checking signal." The same had been erased at the
entry point. This system of erasing and rerecording the genuity
checking signal would ensure that passengers are induced to
register their tickets at exit point, even without any physical
enforcement.
Derived from unit 35A or 38 may be an alarm signal which comes in
operation as soon as the chosen value limit is reached and the same
may, for example, energize a magnet 40 actuating a diverting flap
42 causing the ticket to drop into the retaining box 41.
Simultaneously a receipt may be issued by the machine stating the
amount by which the paid ticket value was higher than the actually
travelled value. The idea of such arrangement would be to refund
the passenger either in case or when the next ticket is bought.
Such information may be marked on the ticket by indelible
processes, and be controlled from units 35A or 38, with or without
digital conversion devices.
If occasional visitors to a city have no opportunity of using up an
aggregate value ticket, they may return it to certain agencies,
such as counters at railway stations, banks, etc., where they would
be refunded the exact balance of the nonused part of the tickets.
This would be done with the aid of an electronic comparator giving
digital information in terms of money to be refunded.
It would be possible to create a class of ticket which may be used
only during certain hours of the day, and which if used outside
such hours would be automatically refused. Similarly, season
tickets valid one week, one month, may be issued, for example on
special terms. The characterization of these specified limitations
may be recorded on the ticket on still another track, not shown in
FIG. 1-3 but only requiring additional tracks.
The checking system may consist, for example, of tuned filters with
associated amplifiers and relay stages and variable combination of
such tuned stages may be combined at will, so as to make the unit
responsive to a definite combination of input signals.
Having now described the chief elements of a ticket system for
passenger traffic needs, more detailed explanations accompanied by
circuit diagrams are given below to exemplify the practical
application of the combination principles described.
SUMMARY OF OPERATION OF FIGS. 5 AND
The following operation will be described assuming that the
original ticket is issued with an aggregate value. In this
instance, no actual information will be recorded on the ticket, and
it will be assumed that the ticket has a value of 75 units. As the
ticket enters the entry machine any remanent signals which had
previously been recorded on the B-tracks will be erased in response
to an erasing signal produced by generator unit 22. In this manner,
it can be seen that the B-tracks are clear in order to receive
information indicative of a point of entry at a subsequent time.
Track A will be read by the transducer or sensing head
.alpha..sub.1. As previously mentioned, track A contains
information indicative of the aggregate fare value. If the ticket
were being used for the first time, a zero signal would be
transmitted to the comparing or checking units 16. Checking units
16 would be effective to determine that the ticket has not been
expended. This can be considered a positive or specific validity
signal which would then be passed to the output acceptor or
dispensing unit 21. A positive validity signal in this instance
would close the flaplike extension 19 and allow the ticket to be
subsequently dispensed to the user. On the other hand, if the
checking unit 16 were to determine that 75 units of information had
been recorded on the ticket in the value track A, a negative
validity signal would be generated by the checking unit 16 which
would in turn move the flaplike extension 19 to prevent the first
exit fare device acceptor or dispensing means from selectively
dispensing the fare device or ticket to the user.
The ticket would then proceed along the conveyor system and be
carried to the writing or recording transducer heads .beta..sub.3
and .beta..sub.4. At this stage the data generator or pulse unit 23
would write or record on the tracks B information indicative of the
point of entry. Subsequent to this operation, the reading or
transducing head generally shown as .omega.' would be effective to
transmit information from any one of the other genuity or validity
tracks previously mentioned with reference to FIGS. 1 through 3.
These other validity tracks could be utilized for a variety of
purposes, such as the prevention of counterfeiting, or, to be more
fully explained, for assuring that the user register his ticket
when entering the entry machine. This signal is also passed to
checking unit 16 which will operate to selectively retain or
dispense the ticket at the first fare device acceptor means 21,
previously discussed. If positive validity signals have been
generated by checking unit 16 in all instances erasing or writing
transducer head .omega." will be responsive to erase all genuity
tickets or validity signals from the ticket prior to its being
dispensed from unit 21. The transducing head .omega." has been
shown generally, but it is appreciated that numerous circuits could
be used to activate this erasing head. Obviously, fare value
information on track A will not be erased at this point.
The data generator or unit 23 is responsive to simultaneously
generate information which is indicative of a point of entry for
use at the first fare device receiving means or entry machine shown
in FIG. 5, and also effective to selectively pass this information
to the fare device receiving means shown in FIG. 6. In the example
of a transportation system utilizing a bus, data generator means 23
produces changeable fare information which can be simultaneously
utilized to energize the entry receiving machine and the exit
receiving machine.
When a passenger has arrived at his destination the ticket or fare
device, dispensed by the unit 21 will be manually inserted in the
exit or fare token receiving device shown in FIG. 6. Transducer or
reading heads .beta..sub.5 and .beta..sub.6 will read the
information originally imparted on tracks B by the writing heads
.beta..sub.3 and .beta..sub.4 at the point of entry. Substantially
current with this operation, reading or transducer head
.alpha..sub.2 is effective to read the aggregate value in track A,
in this particular example it being zero.
It can be seen that the arithmetic unit is shown generally by the
combination of registers, comparators and transfer registers. The
comparator 37 is responsive to the information imparted on tracks B
at the original point of entry and the new fare information
produced by data generator 23 which is indicative of exit fare
information. Thus, assuming five units to have been recorded on the
B-tracks at the entry point and 20 units having now been produced
by the data generator 23 (indicative of the point of exit), the
comparator 37 will produce an output of 15 units. This information
will then be added in 35A to the amount read by the transducer
.alpha..sub.2, in this instance or example zero. Thus a total
arithmetic output signal of 15 is generated by data or comparator
plus 35A.
A total of 15 units will then be imparted or recorded on the
A-track of the fare device or magnetic ticket by transducing head
.alpha..sub.4. This value presently recorded on track A will be the
same value that will subsequently be read by a similar entry
machine transducing head .alpha..sub.1 when the customer reuses his
ticket. The output signal from unit 35A can also be used to
selectively energize the second fare device acceptor or dispenser
41, in a manner similar to that described with reference to unit 21
in the entry machine. The fare device or ticket will be dispensed
back to the customer at point 41 until such time as the total value
of the ticket has been expended. In this example this would occur
when the output of adder or comparator 35A reaches a value of 75
units.
The recording or riding head or transducer is responsive to the
output from the comparator 35A to reinsert a validity or genuity
signal on the appropriate tracks, as generally described with
reference to FIGS. 1 through 3. At this time, it can be seen that
the fare device or ticket now contains a genuity signal or validity
signal and a signal indicative of its reduced value. In this form,
the ticket may be reused again since it contains its validity
signal and also contains a usable balance.
It can be appreciated that the ticket could originally contain 75
units of new worth, and the expendable units would be subtracted
from the original total value.
In the previously cited example the ticket would be retained by the
unit 41 when the output of comparator 35A reaches a value of 75
units. Again, it is to be emphasized that the 75 units was merely
taken for purposes of illustration.
The validity signal of genuity signal generator 39 is used to
record or write a validity signal onto the ticket, such validity
signal capable of taking various shapes or forms.
Numerous output devices (not shown) are responsive to the validity
signal from checking unit 16. These output devices could be
utilized for a multitude of functions. For example the unit could
be used to unlock a gate mechanism which allows the passenger to
enter the system. Visual or audible alarms could also be connected
to the output signal 16i .
In order to give the passenger a current indication of his ticket
value, output signal 35i is connected to a visual fare device
printing system (not shown). The printing system would give a
running account of the units remaining on the ticket, in this
manner, the customer would not have to rely entirely on the
nonvisual magnetic information, indicative of the remaining fare
available, not FIG. 11.
The transducer or erasing head .beta..sub.7, .alpha..sub.3,
.beta..sub.8, generally shown, are utilized to erase the
information previously used by the arithmetic unit to compute a
total balance. After the total balance or fare value or units
remaining are calculated this information is erased to prepare the
ticket for subsequent use and for the final writing operation of
transducer writing head .alpha..sub.4.
The transducer heads .beta.' and .beta.", generally shown, are
merely representative of the fact that other operations could be
incorporated into the system. The only limiting factor would be the
number of tracks which are contained on the fare or ticket
device.
It is to be understood that the multiple party manner of
registration, previously discussed with reference to FIG. 4,
necessitates inhibiting or applying a nonerase signal to the
transducer heads .beta..sub.7 and .alpha..sub.3 and .beta..sub.8.
This inhibit signal would be maintained on this group of
transducing heads until the final multiplying index mark had been
subtracted or erased from the ticket. Output gate devices located
at the point of exit, previously discussed, are responsive to the
output signal 38i. This gating signal is utilized to block or
unblock the mechanical gates depending on whether the original
ticket contained sufficient fare units or total fare value to cover
the amount expended by the passenger.
To facilitate the establishing of a clear reference between the
outline description of the system and the detailed technical
explanation by circuits operating with (a) signals of different
frequency, (b ) signals represented by pulse combinations, the
correspondence of the main items of drawings FIG. 5 and FIG. 6
(outline description of ticket system) and drawings FIG. 14 and
FIG. 15 (details in respect of frequency signalling system), and
respectively drawings FIGS. 16a, 16b, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 (details
in respect of application of pulse techniques) shall first be
clarified before the actual functional description beings further
below.
CORRESPONDENCES BETWEEN FIGS. 5-6 AND FIG. 14
FIG. 14 shows a reading head 82 feeding into an amplifier 83.
In FIG. 5 this corresponds to the reading head .alpha..sub.1
feeding into the circuit block 16.
FIG. 14 shows furthermore five band-pass filters 84.sup.1,
84.sup.2, 84.sup.3, 84.sup.4 and 84.sup.5 the primary or input
windings of which are series-connected to the output of amplifier
83. Only band-pass filter 84.sup.2 is shown in full detail. The
number of filters needed depends of the number of different
frequencies in the genuity checking signal. Each filter is
connected to a relay stage essentially consisting of some kind of
detector and DC amplifier 85 a, b, and a final thyratron stage 86
feeding into a load 87.
All in circuit elements mentioned above should be regarded as
comprised in the block 16, FIG. 5, with the exception of load 87,
FIG. 27, which has its correspondence in the magnetic actuator 17,
FIG. 5.
The circuit, FIG. 14 is not new. In all essential parts it was
published in the periodical, "Elektronische Rundschau", No. 5,
1956, under the title "Einselektiver Verstarker mit 1 Hertz
Bandbreite", by W. Nonnenmacher.
CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN FIGS. 5-6 AND FIG. 15
In FIG. 15 the reading head 82a is another head similar to the
reading head 82 in FIG. 14. Similarly, the amplifier block 83a in
FIG. 15 in another amplifier of like design to the amplifier 83 in
FIG. 14.
In FIG. 15, reading head 82a should be considered identical with
the reading head .beta..sub.5 in FIG. 6 and its duplicate
.beta..sub.6, FIG. 6 illustrates the principle of the exit
registration unit.
In FIG. 15, the amplifier 83a and the electrical filters 91'
through 91.sup.5 together with the relays 92, 93, 94 and so on,
represent the signalling store 35 in FIG. 6. The said relays are
self-holding and once energized by a signal then retain the
selected associated circuit.
In FIG. 15 the handle 98 is identical with the handle 24, FIG. 5,
which in a preceding portion of the disclosure was described to be
operated by the driver of a vehicle who sets it to different
positions which correspond to fare stage positions of the vehicle
within its route.
In FIG. 15 the multicontactors on the relays 92, 93, a.s.o. and the
connections between them and the contactors on the multithrow
switch 97--97 correspond to the block diagram 37 in FIG. 6, as
previously explained. Here a comparison between the entry zone and
the exit zone positions is taking place. In FIG. 15 this comparison
is performed by the simple means of combining contactors of the
relays which provide the information concerning the zonal position
of the vehicle at the entry point, with contactors of the
multithrow switch which at any moment represent the zone in which
the vehicle happens to be. The combination of said two contact
groups produces in each instance a definite value step, the zonal
value of the distance travelled. For this reason, the function
which was previously described to be associated with circuit
element block 37, is now according to FIG. 15 performed by the
multithrow switch 97 with its combination contactors 11, 12, 13, 14
and so on.
In FIG. 15 the reading head 99 corresponds to the reading head
.alpha..sub.2 in FIG. 6.
In FIG. 15 the block 102 is an amplifier of similar design as
indicated in FIG. 14 and block 103 with time-delay sections A, B, C
. . . H is again a series-connected multiple band-pass filter as
described for FIG. 14. Block 105 contains the relays associated
with the output stages of the filters. These relays are again
self-holding and therefore play the part of storing the effect of
the input signals coming from reading head 99. This role coincides
with the function ascribed to block 34, FIG. 6 in accordance with
the original specification.
In FIG. 15 the block 115 corresponds to block 35A in FIG. 6. It is
here that a comparison between the residual ticket value and the
fare value of the journey at the moment of alighting is compared.
In the instance of FIG. 15 this is achieved by a network of diode
lines, but without detriment to the principle also other
comparators such as coordinate selector relays or ferrite networks
may be used. The principle would remain in agreement with FIG.
6.
In FIG. 15 the block diagram 108 corresponds to the transfer unit
38 in FIG. 6 and in which according to the example the new ticket
value (expressed as a debit = total consumed fares, or also as a
credit = remaining residual fare value) is translated into a
suitable combination of two out of eight recording frequencies. The
driving stage for these oscillations is symbolized by block 108 and
109, FIG. 15.
In FIG. 15 the recording head 100 corresponds to the recording head
.alpha..sub.4 in FIG. 6.
In FIG. 15 the oscillator 113 corresponds to the genuity checking
signal generator 39 in FIG. 6. Any of the oscillator circuits for
the generation of electrical wave trains, as have become known in
the literature of electrical engineering, may be used for block
113.
In FIG. 15 the recording head 101 corresponds to the recording head
in FIG. 6.
In FIG. 15 no erasing heads are shown such as would correspond to
the heads .alpha..sub.3, .beta..sub.7, .beta..sub.8.
In FIG. 15 the gating arrangement 111, 112, and 114 corresponds to
the indication of the auxiliary order line 38-i in FIG. 6
hereinafter described.
Now, a detailed description of the circuits follows. The reading
head 82, FIG. 14, faces the genuity checking signal on the ticket
when the same passes through the "entry registration" unit. After
amplification in unit 83, the signal passes through one or more
band-pass filters, the number of them depending on the number of
frequencies contained in the checking signal. The buildup of a
filter is illustrated only for the second one of the series.
Each filter unit feeds into the high input impedance of a cathode
follower circuit having a double triode 85a-85b, and a thyratron or
output tube 86. The cathode follower amplifier supplies a part of
the signal energy across the cathode resistance back into the
band-pass filter at the midpoint of the tuning condensers 2C--2C,
and by means of the variable potentiometer 88 the Q-factor of the
filter may thus be set to a desired value. Positive feedback can be
driven far because of the stabilizing effect of the cathode
follower as generally known. The output is applied to the grid of
85b via a coupling condenser and a diode 90. The signal causes the
grid to go negative, the plate current stops which causes the grid
of the thyratron 86 to receive a large positive voltage so that the
tube becomes conductive. A bias voltage opposing smaller values of
the signal may be applied to the diode or crystal 90 from the
potentiometer 89, thereby further improving the selectivity of the
arrangement. 87 are the windings of a relay or of an electromagnet
actuating the ticket gate 19, FIG. 5. The latter is normally
spring-loaded and would cause a ticket arriving at 3 to be diverted
into the receptacle 21. If, however, the correct genuity checking
signal was present on the ticket, the thyratron strikes, the ticket
gate or flap 19 is drawn into the retracted (shown) position and
the ticket will be reoffered to the passenger on the tray or
platform 10. The same output impulse may be used for releasing the
latch of an electric door lock or for actuating an hydraulic
cylinder for opening the entry door of a vehicle.
Now, a detailed description of the exit registration unit will be
given. Dependent on the method of coding the zones of a traffic
route, of coding the ticket values and the travelled zone distance
values, the circuitry of the ticket registration machines contain
varying features through the general operation principles may be
the same. In FIG. 15 a detail survey is given of an exit
registration machine where the criterion of a signal is its
frequency content.
The reading head 82a faces that track of a ticket passing through
the exit machine which is supposed to contain a record of the code
frequency for the entry zone or entry station. Therefore the head
82a is identical with head .beta..sub.5 (or its duplicate
.beta..sub.6 ) in FIG. 6. The block 83a signifies an amplifier for
82. The blocks marked 1, 2, - 5 are band-pass filters, for example
of the type shown in FIG. 14 and detailed inside the block
84.sup.2, whereas the blocks 91 each contain a cathode follower
amplified as shown in FIG. 14. The output relay 87 in FIG. 14
recurs in FIG. 15 as relays 92, 93, 94, 95 and 96 each having
multiple banks of contacts. Each of these are connected to contacts
of a multithrow switch 97 with operating handle 98 which is
identical with the selector switch 24 near the driver's seat, in
FIG. 5.
The five selective relay stages respond to five different signals
symbolizing five different zone stages within a given traffic
route. Any combination of a zone position of the entry station with
the zone position of the exit station can be derived from the
contacts 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the multiswitch, as these signify
the zone distances which can be travelled on the considered traffic
route. Assume a passenger enters at a station within zone 1 and
alights at another stop within the same fare stage zone 1.
Resonance circuit 1 responds, relay 92 and its uppermost contact
pair become operative since also the multithrow switch 97 is set to
position 1. Plus voltage is put on contact 11. This means the
passenger has to pay the basic fare for any journey between stops
within a zone. Obviously, the same travel fare will as a rule be
asked for journeys inside zones 2, 3, 4 and 5, so that multiswitch
contacts 11, 22, 33, 44 and 55 may all be interconnected.
Similarly, may contacts 12, 31, 23, 32, 34, 43, 35 and 54 be
connected with each other, and so on.
Shortly after the ticket has passed reading head 82, it passes
reading head 99 which is positioned to face the ticket value track
"A," FIG. 2, on which a frequency is recorded symbolizing the
residual value of the ticket. In this example, this signal consists
of a combination of two frequencies out of a total range of eight
chosen frequencies marked A, B ...... H. Also, the corresponding
band-pass filters 103 are marked A, B .... H and their combination
in two give a total of 28 value steps, each step being the basic
charge for travel within any of the zones. Block 102 signifies a
compression amplifier such as used in amplifiers for loudspeakers
in public address systems, which produce an undistorted voice
output at fairly even pitch in spite of widely varying input
energies at the microphone. The tuned filters A - H each are
connected to a cathode follower amplifier which, via rectifiers
104, are fed into a translator 105 which resolves the combinations
into individual lines. The translator may be a diode matrix network
(see "Engineering Electronics", page 320, John Ryder). Another such
diode matrix network is block 115 in which both said individual
output lines and the output lines from the multiswitch 97 meet. The
combination points between them signify the complete register of
possible combinations of residual ticket values with last-travelled
zone distances and therefore also represent the complete register
of all possible new residual ticket values. Individual cable
connections to the diode bus lines are taken out in the leads
contained in cable 107. By means of still another diode matrix
network 108 but now working in the reversed sense, the leads of 107
are connected to combinations of eight output lines each feeding an
oscillator driving stage (the eight driving stages symbolized by
block 108). The oscillators may be of the transistor type such as
published in "Engineering Electronics," page 340, or in the
chapter, common Schwingshaletungen, Transistor Praxis, by Heinz
Richter, page 132. The selected combination of signal tones is
amplified in block 110 and recorded by magnetic head 100 arranged
to face the value track "A." In FIG. 6, the equivalent recording
head is marked .alpha..sub.4. Head .alpha..sub.3 is an erasing head
for eliminating the record before the new value record is written.
In FIG. 15, no erasing head is shown. Block 112 is a gating circuit
for the recording of the genuity checking frequency which is
allowed to pass the gate and to reach the recording head 101, since
a part of the output from the driving oscillator 109 is passed via
a rectifier 111 to the grid of the gate tube 114 which thereby is
charged positive. However, if there is no output from an oscillator
109, the grid remains in the negative range and tube 114 is
nonconductive. Between block 109 and rectifier 111 a few selective
reject filters may be placed which may be interposed at choice by
means of a switch, so that the value levels above zero at which the
ticket shall be invalidated may be fixed. The idea for this
arrangement would be that passengers though prevented from using
the ticket until complete value exhaustion, may obtain refund for
the nonused part of the ticket when renewing a ticket at a ticket
purchase counter, post office, tobacco shop, or other licensed
ticket selling place. The unit 115 in FIG. 15 corresponds to the
unit 35A in FIG. 6 as far as its function is concerned. It has,
therefore, to be shown that also the auxiliary operations which
have been claimed to be performable or controllable by unit 35A or
unit 38 respectively, FIG. 6, may be controlled by said unit 115.
The individual output lines 107 coming from the diode matrix
network carry when selected a DC voltage and it is obvious that
this makes it rather easy to utilize such signal to the lighting of
lamps marking the residual value or for the printing of receipt
papers. The simplest form of a permanent receipt would consist of a
strip of paper with 27 squares (if applied to the example FIG. 15)
numbered 1-27. The strip would pass through a punching machine
having 27 hole punching rods facing the named squares on the
ticket. The prolonged parts of each rod constitute the plunger of a
small solenoid with its coils connected to the said 27 different
output lines 107. Any of these leads when singled out by the diode
matrix network 115 would energize one of the 27 solenoids and thus
punch a hole in the corresponding value square of the receipt. The
same principle may be applied in conjunction with the switch output
lines 11, 12, .....15 so that the receipt may also contain a record
of the fare paid for the last journey.
Another practical demand on this ticket system may arise when a
ticket holder is accompanied by two or more persons for whom he
wishes to pay the fare. To cope with this demand, the system must
have the capability of adding to a record of already consumed value
units not only a freshly consumed value unit, but also a multiple
of such freshly consumed units. Thus, a father going out with his
wife and two children wishing to use his aggregate value ticket to
pay the fare for all, must be able to obtain:
a. admission for his party;
b. legitimate exit for his party, i.e., an exit without losing the
benefit of the ticket.
According to one version of the invention, the ticket holder would
drop his ticket into the entry registration machine as many times
as there are members to the party. Again, when the party alights,
he would insert his ticket into the slot of the exit machine as
many times.
To perform the function just indicated it is suggested that the
ticket machines as already described should contain a multiplier
element responsive to signals from a separate recording track on
the ticket. On this "multiplier track" a first pulse element would
be recorded after the first entry registration of the ticket, the
second pulse after the second registration of the same ticket, in
short, as many pulses would appear on the multiplier track of the
ticket as passengers should be registered for entry into the
vehicle.
The ticket structure, in terms of recording tracks having
functions, is exemplified in FIG. 3. It resembles the structure
illustrated in FIG. 2, namely, tracks B--B which receive recordings
of the signal marking a definite entry point on the traffic route
concerned. Track D--D contains either a genuity testing signal, or
a signal signifying a limitation of use, such as validity for a
limited period of time, hours of the day or the night, or validity
within only one part of a city, and so on. It may also combine both
functions, that of use limitation definition, and that of genuity
definition in general. Track C--C is again a genuity and protection
track mainly for protecting against interference by the track "A"
on which a record is made of the cumulative value consumption.
Finally, E--E are the signal tracks which as just explained for the
contain the information as to how many times a travelled distance
should be multiplied in the exit registration machine so as to
produce a record on the ticket of the true total consumed fare
value.
FIG. 4 shows a block diagram indicating the function of that part
of the entry registration unit which cooperates with the
"multiplier track" E--E which contains the record, for example, of
pulses the number of which are proportional to the number of
passengers to be covered by the ticket.
.epsilon.' is the playback head for the tracks "E," .omega.'" is an
erasing head, tr is a trigger, photoelectric or magnetic indicating
the passage of a ticket at this point, and .epsilon." is a
recording head. Upon a gating unit 44 having been triggered for the
first time, it will inject one recording pulse into .epsilon.". If
now the same ticket is fed a second time into the system, the one
pulse already recorded on track "E" is played back into a unit 43
storing this pulse in some form, so that the gating unit 44 on
having been triggered by the ticket passing through a second time,
would now permit two pulses to reach .epsilon.". Repeating this
process with the same ticket would cause three pulses to be passed
from the pulse generator 45 via the gating unit into the recording
head .epsilon.", and so on. The combined storing-gating unit would
have to be so designed so that n pulses received from the recording
head .epsilon.", would cause n+1 pulses to be supplied to
.epsilon.". Instead of n+1 we may also write N+x, in which x is a
recurring set of pulses.
The ticket holder, when leaving the vehicle, will have to register
his ticket again as many times as there are members to his party,
including himself. After each registration the multiplier points on
track E are diminished by one. The arrangement should be so that
the rerecording of the said "genuity testing signal" upon the
ticket which according to the general scheme had been erased after
the entry registration, also called checking frequency, should be
postponed until the last multiplier pulse has disappeared from the
ticket. The circuit technique for unfolding such performance need
not be exemplified here in detail, but it is obviously easy to
employ a signal such as derived from a pulse on tracks "E" to
produce in an amplifier a masking effect, or to produce a
suppressor bias on one or more of the values of the amplifier unit
amplifying the genuity testing signal to produce a record on the
ticket. The said bias would have delayed recovery after the passing
of the multiplier pulse read into an associated electronic circuit,
thereby obtaining the required prevention of the genuity signal or
the like from being recorded on the ticket.
As long as a single multiplier pulse is present on the ticket, the
passage of the genuity testing signal from its generator to the
corresponding recording head in the exit registration machine would
be blocked. And since, furthermore, each successive registration is
bound up with at least one passenger stepping on the exit step, or
passing a ray operated photocell near the exit step, whereby namely
the transitory mechanical blockage of the slot of the exit
registration machine is lifted again, the system just described
would ensure that:
a. to the full fare value for the party is being added to the
previously recorded consumed value content;
b. no member of the party would continue the journey beyond the
point registered by the ticket.
The most important functional modification of the system
illustrated by FIG. 6 would consist in this, that the store unit 37
would not empty its content after being triggered by the passing
ticket, but retain it until the ticket concerned has no multiplier
signal left on its E track. Then, and only then, the store 37 would
repeat and empty itself. Alternatively, the erasing heads
.beta..sub.7 and .beta..sub.8 may remain nonoperational, thereby
retaining the record of B--B, and therefore repeating the standard
process as often as passengers travelled with said ticket. Erasion
would take place after all multiplier pulses have disappeared.
If, therefore, a ticket is registered once too many times, which my
happen by mistake, the pulses number on track "A" would not thereby
increase: the ticket would not unjustly be devalued.
A few remarks should now claimed made as to alternative ways of
producing genuity testing signals on a token or ticket. As already
mentioned they may consist of oscillations containing one or more
frequency components of any curve form. Instead of using a
continuous wave or pulse train, one may conceive the possibility of
recording on the ticket tape a pulse train of definite linear
density distribution where the intervals between individual pulses
and/or the length of the pulses vary. Assuming a prevailingly
constant ticket conveyor speed in the registration machine, this
density distribution would correspond to a playback system of
pulses the intervals of which display a definite irregular
structure in time. The checking unit, therefore, would consist of a
fixed system of pulse delays which, starting with an incoming
trigger pulse would internally generate a train of pulses having a
definite time structure. By means of coincidence circuits the
amplified incoming genuity checking signal and the internally
generated train of pulses would be electronically confronted with
each other. Each pulse would meet a corresponding pulse, each
interval would meet a corresponding interval; if the pulse sequence
configuration played back from the ticket, and that generated in
the checking unit is the same, a state of balance may be achieved
in relation to a third electric or electronic element, say akin to
an electric bridge, so that no output signal is obtained from a
given section of the circuit. If, however, the said congruence of
the two processes is disturbed at any point of the total record
from the ticket, the mentioned part of the circuit would produce an
output signal, in correspondence to the demand that a ticket should
be marked invalid or be retained by the machine, and admission into
the vehicle should be refused. Some such validity checking system
may be used also for purchase tokens in general.
However, not merely the coding of the genuity checking signal but
also the automatic ticket system and all its coding and calculating
operations may conveniently be based on pulse techniques such as,
for example, are used in mathematical machines. It will be seen
from the following description that many of the basic elements
known may be combined in a specific form to produce the specific
results required for an automatic ticket system. The combination
principles have been illustrated and described by means of FIGS. 5
and 6, and their application to pulse technique in particular will
be described by reference to FIGS. 16 to 21.
FIGS. 16a and 16b show the shape of a ticket with its recording
tracks placed at the bottom of grooves B.sub.1, A, and B.sub.2.
Track B.sub.1 contains clock pulses for synchronizing reading and
recording operations on tracks A and B.sub.2. Track A consists of
two half record sections, the left half reserved for memorizing a
signal applied to the ticket at the entry station, henceforth
called entry-station number or zone number, and the right half
reserved for recording on the ticket the vehicle check number or
vehicle route checking number. Track B.sub.2 contains the aggregate
still unused, value number of the ticket, also expressed in binary
coded form. What had been called the genuity checking signal is to
be recorded on track A when the ticket passes through the exit
registration machine, by filling up the whole of this track with a
continuous train of clock pulses. The presence of this signal on
the ticket when registered for entry on a next journey proves that
the last journey had been paid for. FIG. 17 recapitulates the
logical sequence of the process at the entry registration unit.
Block 115 means INSERT TICKET. Block 116 means a testing operation:
WAS LAST JOURNEY PAID? The YES answer goes to block 117 symbolizing
the stage when TOUR-CHECKING and STATION NUMBERS are recorded on
ticket. The answer NO leads either to block 118 meaning DOOR
REMAINS LOCKED, INFORMATION LAST TRIP UNPAID, or along information
line 121 which leads to block 119 symbolizing either a manual
action required of the passenger, namely, INSERT PENALTY COIN or,
an automatic action, producing in the entry registration machine a
penalty charge: DEDUCT x value units FROM TICKET RECORD. Both 119
and 117 converge in block 120: DOOR BEING OPENED, TICKET RETURNED
TO TICKET HOLDER.
FIG. 18 shows how a ticket in the entry machine passes the various
reading and writing heads. .beta.1/a, .beta.1/b, .alpha./a are
reading heads, .alpha./b is a recording head. There are also two
contactors, switch NP and OP operated by the passing ticket. The
whole process being by the ticket passing and actuating the
contactor NP which sets zero all memory elements (bistable
flip-flops). Thereafter, the ticket passes .beta.1/a from which
comes the clock pulses recorded on the ticket. From .alpha./a come
also clock signals (if the ticket is valid) or station numbers and
tour checking numbers (if the ticket is invalid, or respectively
releases a penalty charge operation). FIG. 19 gives a block diagram
of the circuit used. On the left can be seen the three reading
heads, on the right the recording head .alpha./b. Each head is
associated with an amplifier 123, 127, 132 and 137 respectively;
123 and 127 feed into a pulse shaper circuits 124 and 128 such as
described in "A digital Electronic Correlator," page 9, by Henry E.
Singleton (Research Laboratories of Electronics Massachusetts
Institute of Technology). A stroboscopy 125 diminishes the width of
the square wave to avoid overlap phenomena in the AND circuit 126
which is a coincidence circuit checking that for every clock pulse
coming from .beta.1/a is there also one coming from .alpha./a. A
pulse width control circuit is shown on page 296, "Engineering
Electronics," John D. Ryder. A half-adder, block 129, compares the
pulse signals coming from ticket track 1, and 2 and if any of the
pulses are missing on track 2, the bistable flip-flop F.sub.1 would
change over and hold until the next zero reset impulse (NP) comes.
Thereafter the ticket passes a contactor OP. By closing OP either
the flip-flop F.sub.2 or F.sub.3 is set, depending on whether
F.sub.1 was set or not. This means, either the door opening impulse
line 131 is energized if F.sub.2 is set, or the penalty request is
put to the passenger via information line 130, or the automatic
penalty process comes into operation, if F.sub.3 is set.
Simultaneous with the actuating of contactor NP, also a number
recording register is set to the number code which corresponds to
the station number just applicable and to the route checking number
just applicable. A switch for adjusting these numbers is not shown
in FIG. 19 but is essentially identical with the switches 24 in
FIG. 5 and 97, 98 in FIG. 15. These switches may be mounted upon a
control board next to the driver's seat, so that the zone numbers
may be readily adjusted at all transit points from one fare stage
to another. The tour checking numbers are adjusted only once for
every tour, namely, at the terminal stations of the route.
When the ticket passes the reading head .beta.1/b, the clock pulses
from track B.sub.1 actuates the shift register 134, causing the
contents of the same to shift position after each clock pulse. At
the same time, the recording head .alpha./b receives the pulse
content from the shift register and writes it on ticket track
B.sub.2. An example for a shifting register is published on page 25
in the already quoted paper "A Digital Electronic Correlator" by
Henry E. Singleton. The general buildup for a half-added is
described on page 323, in "Engineering Electronics" by John D.
Ryder.
After the ticket has passed heads .beta.1/b, .alpha./b it is
ejected and returned to its owner. The tracks B.sub.1 and B.sub.2
remain unchanged whereas track A now contains the information which
marks the entry point of the journey as well as the current tour
check number of the vehicle used for that journey. On trains, the
tour checking number may be replaced by code numbers relating to
the moment of time of starting a journey, the exit registration
machine permitting a definite maximum passage of time for valid
exit. This modification for underground and suburban trains would
in no way hinder the free transit between all types of transport,
in accordance with the demand for the performance of this ticket
system on page 3, line 3 of this paper.
In FIG. 20 is shown how the ticket plate passes the various
magnetic heads in the exit registration machine. 116 is again the
ticket, the same as described in FIG. 16a, b. During its movement
from left to right it first causes a contactor NP to be closed.
This contactor may of course be also a photoelectric switch. It
resets to zero all flip-flop stages (F.sub.1 F.sub.2), at the same
time causing the code positions as preset by means of the switch
(24 in FIG. 5) for the now applicable station number, and the tour
checking number, to be applied to the shifting register 124.
Thereafter the ticket passes the pair of heads .beta.1/a,
.alpha./a. From .beta.1/ a come the clock pulses which with every
clock pulse steps forward the pulse structure as initially imposed
upon the shift register 124 via encode lines 119. Simultaneously,
the head .alpha.a reads off the track A the signals thereon,
namely, first the so-called tour checking number (signifying a
given tour of a vehicle from one terminal station to the opposite
one), and then the number signifying the entry station within said
route. Both these signals, those coming from the shift register and
those coming from the reading head .alpha./a, are now fed into a
subtractor 122 which forms the difference of the respective two
check number. The result is concurrently fed back into the shift
register. If the two tour checking numbers (those coming from the
ticket record and those coming from the shift register) are equal,
the difference between them is zero. This can be checked in the
upper part of the shift register. If they are dissimilar, the
flip-flop F.sub.1, coresponsive to the actuating of the contactor
OP.sub.1, sets to the alternative position with output line 120 and
prohibits further operation with the ticket. On the information
panel a notice would appear, "ticket invalid." While the contents
of the upper part of the shift register become zero as a rule, the
lower part contains the difference between the entry and exit
station numbers, that is, the value which must be deducted from the
credit amount still left on the ticket.
It is at this point, when an auxiliary operation may have to be put
into effect, an operation not described in detail before, but which
can now be located with precision. It is the proposal of enabling
transport companies to grant the public a discount on longer
journeys on the mileage price applied to shorter journeys. For this
purpose a selector switch DC (FIG. 21) may alternatively connect to
some of the counting positions of the shift register 124. A ticket
operated contactor DP, positioned prior to contactor OP.sub.1,
applies voltage of such sign to the switch DC and respectively to
the selected position of the shift register, that any count of the
number of travelled zones reaching that position would be deleted.
Two or more of such switches DC may be provided, each capable of
deleting a different number of count pulses on application of the
deleting voltage via DP.
The next operation is the deduction of the travelled zone value
from the ticket value. This subtraction is done when the ticket
passes the heads .beta.1/b and .beta.2/b. The head .beta.1/b feeds
clock pulses into the terminal 118 of the shift register, in such a
way that one bit after the other goes to the subtractor unit 122,
together with the signal played back from the reading head
.beta.2/b representing the still unused value of fare stages on the
ticket. The subtraction result is fed back into the shift register
even this time, and stored there for a short period of time. If now
the fare stage credit number on the ticket prior to the subtracting
operation had been smaller than the number of fare stages just
travelled--e.g., if the subtraction result is negative;--this can
be detected by the sign of the numeral or digit. When the ticket
plate on its path from left to right actuates the contactor
OP.sub.2 and the above case applies, the flip-flop stage F.sub.2 is
set to pass voltage to control line 121, and a notice will appear:
"Ticket Exhausted--Please Renew." It is also possible to make the
connection line between the bottom of the shift register and the
AND circuit adjustable, so that a negative sign will appear already
with certain minimum positive subtraction values. Thus, the renewal
of the ticket would be demanded even before the full nominal value
of the ticket is used up. This would facilitate accurate accounting
for all fare charges, including those made with nearly exhausted
tickets. Residual values on the ticket not usable by the ticket
holder are refunded at ticket renewal counters. In other words,
residual ticket values may either be refunded in cash at such
counters, or be deducted from the ticket renewal price.
Simultaneously with the setting of F.sub.2 all further operations
with the ticket are prohibited in that the tour-checking numbers
and the station numbers on the ticket are not reset and not changed
into the genuity checking signal on the ticket, which in practice
means that the ticket has become invalid and cannot be used for a
new journey. Yet, the ticket continues its movement and passes the
heads .beta.1/c, .alpha.1/c, .beta.2/c, and thereafter is ejected
and returned to its holder.
If, on the other hand, the ticket is valid, the remnant value of
the ticket is recorded on track B.sub.2 by means of the recording
head .beta.2/c, the information coming from the shift register via
the AND circuit with its OP.sub.2 switch. Also, the tour checking
and the station numbers on track A of the ticket are now eliminated
by being changed into clock pulses with the aid of the recording
head .alpha./c. For this operation, the clock pulses come from head
.beta.1/c. The code system is of such a nature that it is
unnecessary to use erasing operations in order to delete
information from a track.
In order to avoid the inconvenience of making a passenger insert a
penalty coin into the entry registration machine if he has
forgotten to exit register during his last journey, it would be
possible to use the previously not described method of causing, in
the absence of a genuity signal on the ticket, a certain number of
the preset counts on the shift register, FIG. 19, to be cancelled,
thus if effect transferring the entry point of the journey
backwards by a fixed number of zones, "penalty zones." However, one
recording position on the ticket may be reserved for detecting
whether the passenger makes his mistake repetitively. If this is
the case, any kind of other action may therefrom be derived,
including, of course, the complete withdrawal of the ticket by
means already described.
One of the possibilities offered by the invention is a flexible
adaptability to fare fixing policies. Sometimes it is desirable to
offer passengers a discount on fares for longer travel distances,
perhaps to encourage them to live further away from a town center.
It is now within the scope of the proposed electronic zone
accounting system to reduce fares for long trips, as compared with
short ones. It would be done by "loosing" zone representing pulses,
say, one in every five, from a certain minimum travelled zone
number onwards, as stored in the element "COM-" unit 37, FIG. 6.
Generally, speaking, the electronic calculation of the fare paid
may be so arranged that a certain discount is automatically granted
if the values exceed one or more prearranged levels.
With increasing travel distance the discount may become greater,
say, two pulses in every five, and so on. Or, some progressively
operating system of discount increasing proportional with distance
travelled, or values bought in general, may be devised, all
affecting long journeys to become proportionately cheaper than
short trips.
Means for obtaining these discounts and means for adjusting the
magnitude and rate of change of these discounts in the machine, are
in this connection claimed to be a part of the invention. In
practice, switches may be provided by means of which certain
counting elements would be short-circuited or earthed when they are
reached in the course of the internal counting process, or, a
condenser capacity may be increased so that a larger charge is
required to produce a glow discharge thus causing two or three
pulses to be counted as one. Other examples may be given when
magnetic cores are used as memory elements.
It has already been mentioned that some transport companies may
prefer to operate a system giving the passengers also a visible
record of the values consumed, instead of, or in addition to, the
information obtainable from warning-lights, luminous digits
appearing on a screen and the like. In this connection the
passenger may also receive information as to the discount which is
applicable for the distance he traveled. The machine may produce
slips of paper on which all these data are filled in
automatically.
Another version of the invention will be described now where both
the token and the registration machines have modified shapes and
performances.
The gradual surface wear on tokens as described may destroy the
active magnetic coating. Also, fat and grease etc. may impair the
efficiency of the reading as well as the recording functions. For
this reason it is proposed to make tokens or tickets which are
plates having shaped cross sections. An example of such a token is
shown in FIG. 9 and the longitudinal cross section FIG. 10.
The active recording tracks are placed into the recessed grooves
76--76--76. The material of this token may be brass electroplated
with a magnetically coercive substance, or it may be made of a
plastic compound. The active layer may cover only the grooves if
desired.
Such a ticket would have the advantage that during normal handling
the active layer would not be touched, and iron parts which may be
in the vicinity of the ticket are much less likely to affect the
magnetic recording, as compared with a flat ticket. However, a
registration machine capable of handling such ticket would be
designed differently from those described in FIGS. 5 and 6. FIGS.
12 and 13 are front and side elevations respectively of the
mechanical part of a ticket checking machine which would be capable
of checking a ticket of the said modified type.
The token is inserted into a guide channel 70 which is wider at the
mouth and narrows down to the exact width and other contours of the
ticket. Driving rollers 71 and spring-loaded bogey wheels 71a feed
the ticket or token upwards, and other drive rollers 72 and 72a
take over. The latter engage with the long small edges 73 of the
token, see FIG. 9; 75--75--75 symbolize hinged feelers which
protrude into the recessed grooves 76 of the token. Should a
wrongly shaped plate be inserted into the machine, the feelers
would be displaced, make contact at 77 and 78, and thereby cause
the magnetic clutch, not shown, to couple the driving rollers 71,
72 to another motor having opposite direction of rotation. As a
consequence the wrongly inserted material, or perhaps mechanically
damaged ticket, would be immediately rejected.
A correctly shaped plate or a genuine token would advance upwards
and by means of a slight pressure from a spring loaded side wall
73' the token would make reliable contact with the magnetic heads
.beta..sub.1, .alpha..sub.1, .beta..sub.2 and .beta..sub.4,
.alpha..sub.2, .beta..sub.3. These magnetic heads protrude some
distance into the grooves of the token, as illustrated in FIG.
9.
After having passed the recording heads the token would hit the
stop plate 81. Simultaneously the driving rollers 71, 72 also stop
but only for a very short time, whereafter the rotation is reversed
by means for example as already indicated and eventually the token
reemerges at 70.
During the upwards motion the magnetic heads perform one function,
and during the return stroke the same heads perform another
function within the total cycle of registration. To avoid
mechanical contactors the switching operation may for example be
performed by a photoelectrical arrangement near the end stop 81.
This arrangement would not only cause the reversal of the drive
rotation of the feeding wheels, but also operate relays which would
change over connections to the terminals of the magnetic heads, so
that the same would become connected to entirely different
electronic units during the return phase.
A similar machine would be used for the so-called exit checking
machine. During the upwards stroke heads .beta..sub.1 and
.beta..sub.2 would inform the counting circuits of the travel
starting point, while head .alpha..sub.1 would inform the machine
of the total previously travelled mileage. Head .beta..sub.3,
.alpha..sub.2 .beta..sub.4 would then erase the record on line
A.B.C. On the return stroke the heads .beta..sub.4, .alpha..sub.2,
.beta..sub.3 would record the checking signal, and .alpha..sub.1
would record the new sum of the total travelled mileage on the
middle recording track A.
In connection with this unit, it is also proposed to build in
cleansing wheels which would sweep the recessed active parts of the
token from dust particles. The wheels may rotate so as to move
against the movement of the token or at least with some
differential speed. The wheels may be impregnated with a
continuously replenished fluid assisting in the cleansing
process.
It has been mentioned that the token is held fast for a short space
of time in the upper stop position before it is caused to reverse
its movement. Apart from the fact that an instantaneous reversal of
the movement would not be easy to perform, there is also a
deliberate use of the delay in order to imprint on the token a mark
indicating the total devaluation of the ticket or token at any time
of its use period.
It is proposed that, for example, only one side of the token has
grooves. This can simply be made also by giving the active and the
inactive sides different colors. Also fluorescent colors may be
used to consider night time operation.
During the stop phase, very fast electronic subtracting units and
adding units would hold ready the result of the calculation of the
total travelled fares. Derived from this result would be the
closing of a definite circuit which in turn would select a
miniature solenoid equipped with a marking head. Say, the token is
valid for 50 currency units, or 50 mileage units, and information
is to be provided by stages of 5 units. As soon as the devaluation
of the token reaches 5 units, the number 50 on the back side of the
ticket would be overprinted. When the devaluation reaches 10 units,
another solenoid would be energized which would overprint the
number 45, too. Thus the passenger sees immediately on his ticket
that there are only 40 value units left on his token or ticket. And
so on, until the last number "5. " FIG. 11, gives an example of
this value calender on the back side of the token. Ten separate
solenoids would be necessary connecting to ten different output
points of the computers, in the case of the example here given. For
obvious reasons, a mirrorlike duplicate of the calender, FIG. 11,
would be on the other end of the ticket, and solenoids which would
always operate pairs of overprinting stencils.
There are types of street vehicles where both exit and entry points
for passengers are restricted to a single platform, usually at the
rear of the vehicle. It is less easy to adapt such vehicles to
automatic ticket operation, but a combined gate and door system is
suggested as follows (see FIGS. 7 and 8). 47 is a slot for
inserting the ticket into the entry registration machine, at 48 the
ticket is reoffered. After each valid ticket registration a
circular double bar 49 and 49a, running in ball bearings 50 in a
similarly formed shell in the shroud 51, is released from the
initial position shown at 49' and by spring actuation moved into
the position shown at 49 (see FIG. 8). The passenger, after
retaking his ticket, may now mount the platform at 54, when he
should seize a handle 53 and shift the circular bars 49 to the
right, thereby returning them into the position shown at 49' again
where they are held fast by an electric snap lock. A light beam 55
may be used for counting the number of passengers entering the
vehicle. The slots of the exit registration machines are placed
adjacent to two hydraulically operated doors, namely, a slot 56
near door 58, and a slot 59 near door 61. Passengers may queue
behind these exit doors and even before the vehicle stops, choose
to cast in their tickets into slots 56 or 59. When the vehicle
stops, the door opening impulse stored in the exit machine, is now
permitted to actuate the hydraulic gear. Every time a passenger
passes light rays such as indicated at 62 for door 58 a counting
impulse is passed into the exit registration machine, and when the
last of the passengers who has registered his exit through door 58
alights, the door is automatically closed again. Similar counting
light rays (not shown) are in practice positioned across door 61.
The tickets are reoffered outside the vehicle, at retake platforms
57 and 60 for the doors 58 and 61 respectively. These platforms may
be extendable by hydraulic action as long as the vehicle is
stopped, or as long as the doors 58, 61 are open, but retract into
covered positions inside the vehicle hull, when the doors are
closed, or the vehicle is in motion. If a door or doors similar to
the doors 58, 61 is/are used also for the entry section of the
platform, it may be arranged that each said entry door opens after
the first entry registration, and then remains open, provided
further persons register entry in quick succession, until the last
passenger and holder of a valid entry registration has passed light
rays 55, whereupon the entry door received a closing instruction
from the entry registration machine.
FIG. 23 shows a circuit similar to FIG. 21 but modified for use in
an Entry Apparatus with an arrangement of heads as shown in FIG.
22. In FIG. 23 SR.sub.1 to SR.sub.4 are bistable shift
registers.
TN is an encoding switch operated automatically by a clock-work to
indicate hours or quarter hours.
DN is a manually operated encoding switch to indicate number of
days in the year.
SW/a, SW/b and SW/c are photo switches actuated by the record
bearer prior to reaching the respective sets of magnetic heads.
SU are suppressor gates which are opened by the nth pulse, provided
the bistable B.sub.1 is in the conductive condition.
D.sub.1 and D.sub.2 are in this example coincidence gating circuits
D.sub.2 playing the part of a comparator.
R is an output sign reversing bistable and "AND" circuit.
When the record bearer passes the first set of heads, track A
produces in .alpha./a a series of pulses of which the first n-1
pulses are allocated in the characterization of the day number DN,
and the remaining part to represent the time number (hour). Because
of units SU no clock pulses coming from track B.sub.1 reach shift
register SR.sub.1, therefore only contents of SR.sub.2 is shifted
out into one arm of comparator D.sub.2. At the same time .alpha./a
feeds its signal into the other arm of D.sub.2. If there is an
output from D.sub.2 that means the last journey has been made on
another day. There would be no point in checking the deviation of
time from the last journey. The unit fee would be charged. The
output from D.sub.2 sets the bistable B.sub.1 which prevents the
nth pulse (coming from a ring counter, not shown) from opening
suppressor gates SU and furthermore it produces an output into R.
Before the record bearer reaches the second set of heads, switch
SW/b.sub.1 sets the first six bistables of the register SR.sub.3
corresponding, for example, to six quarter hours fare charge, e.g.
to the highest fare chargeable (unit fare). If, on the other hand,
the last made consumption or journey was on the same day, there
would be no output from D.sub.2, bistable B.sub.1 would pass the
nth pulse, which open the suppressor gate unit SU.sub.1 so that
clock pulses would reach shift register SR.sub.1, and also open
gate SU.sub.2 so that the remaining output from .alpha./a would
reach the unit D.sub.1. This deposits the time difference in
register SR.sub.3. According to the version of this example, a
fractional unit charge is made for each quarter hour after the 1st
fully charged journey. If a passenger commutes from one bus into
another within a quarter of an hour, he would not have to pay any
additional fare, but if the interval is more than a quarter of an
hour, he pays one sixth of the unit fare more. If the interval is
more than six quarter hours, this is ignored. Then the fare becomes
the unit fare. This is ensured by means of the zero setting switch
SW/b.sub.2 which eliminates all counts above for example six.
When the record bearer passes the second set of heads, the contents
of SR.sub.3 is clocked out and fed into one arm of D.sub.1 whereas
at the same time the contents of the value track B.sub.2 is picked
up by head .beta.2/b and after amplification and strobing fed into
the other arm of D.sub.1. The output representing the difference
between value number and charge number, is returned into the
register SR.sub.3. Finally, when the record bearer passes the third
set of heads, the contents of the shift register SR.sub.3 is
emptied into the head .beta.2/c, thus recording on the record
bearer its new value. At the same time shift register SR.sub.4
containing the data TN and DN in series, is emptied into recording
head .alpha./b to produce the new genuity signal, provided the
sixth level of the deviation number (or any specified level
thereof) on the register SR.sub.3 had been set after passing the
first set of heads. In practice this may be distinguished by
feeding the active stage of the bistable concerned of the SR.sub.3
register into an "And" switch, together with a fixing voltage from
SW/.sub.b 3. If the 6th deviation level was not reached, the
amplifier A of the clock pulse would be blocked as it would not
receive the required bias voltage from B.sub.2, and therefore the
original genuity signal on the record bearer would not be changed.
(In other words the contents of SR.sub.4 would not be shifted into
the genuity signal recording head .alpha./c, for overwriting the
track A). The term deviation number or level simply means the
difference between the momentary clockwork-set time number and the
record-derived time number, representing the actual time lapse
between two commuting entry or exit registrations by a
passenger.
The above circuit FIG. 23 explanation may be further clarified and
amplified as follows. Referring to FIG. 22, 116 is the record
bearer having three tracks. .beta.1/2, .beta.1/b, and .beta.1/b are
heads facing a clock track, .alpha./a and .alpha./c are heads
facing the genuity track which contains two types of data, namely
coded hour data and coded day data. (In the other mode, that of
FIG. 21, these data are zone number and route number data).
.beta.2/b and .beta.2/c are heads facing value data track on the
record bearer. There are three shift registers, SR.sub.1, SR.sub.2
and SR.sub.3. When the record bearer passes the switch the contents
of SR.sub.1 is set zero, momentarily. Therefore the settings of the
automatic time number setting switch TN is transferred to the shift
register so that the same now contains the hour-number of the
moment of entry. SR.sub.2 is a register the contents of which is
changed once a day only, and therefore may be done manually by the
switch DN which encodes the day number, within a year. As the
record bearer passes the first set of heads, amplified clock pulse
signals coming from .beta.1/a are fed into the register SR.sub.1
shifting its contents through the OR unit into a one branch of the
coincidence differentiator D.sub.1, however via a suppressor link
SU.sub.1. The same is nonconductive, until further notice. The
clock pulse also shifts out the contents of register SR.sub.2
namely into differentiator D.sub.2. At the same time the first
portion of the genuity signal which contains the DAY NUMBER of the
last made journey, is picked up by head -.alpha./a and fed into
D.sub.2 where they are compared. If there is identity, an output
signal is obtained which makes the suppressor links SU.sub.1 and
SU.sub.2 conductive which means the remaining part of data on the
genuity track passes also through comparator D.sub.1. If, on the
other hand, D.sub.2 reveals nonidentity, there would be no point in
comparing the hour numbers, and therefore the suppressor gates
remain nonconductive. Instead a subsidiary output obtained from
comparator D.sub.2 is used for presetting a maximum fare value on
the shift register SR.sub.3. The bistable B.sub.1 remains set. As
now the record bearer passes the second set of heads, the value
number is picked up by head .beta.2/b and passes through the
differentiator into the register SR.sub.3. At the same time, the
number which this register contained is recirculated and in the
process deducted from the value number. As now the record bearer
passes the third set of heads, the contents of SR.sub.3
representing the new value is clocked out, amplified and injected
into recording head .beta.2/c. At the same time, clock pulses after
amplification and shaping are injected into recording head
.beta.1/c, and the new genuity and validity signal is obtained by
clocking out the contents of shift register SR.sub.4 which obtains
its coding from units T and D, and which feeds into the terminals
of recording head .alpha.1/c.
From this explanation it becomes clear that any first journey in a
day would automatically be charged at a fixed fare. If a journey
follows a journey on the same day, permission is given to the
comparator unit D.sub.1 to establish the hour deviation between the
two events. This deviation may, for example, be counted in
intervals of one quarter hours, up to a maximum of, say 1 hours.
The counting system may be chosen in such a way that for each value
unit stands one quarter hour time unit. Thus, the latter may be
deducted from a number made up of the former. In other words, if a
passenger commutes and reenters a vehicle within a quarter of an
hour, no charge would be made, and the genuity number on the record
bearer would not be changed. If the traveller changes into a third
vehicle within less than half an hour, he would be charged one
value unit. Only if the total time interval exceeds, for example, 1
hours counted from the start of the first journey, a full unit fare
would be charged again and, at the same time, the genuity signal be
modified to contain, besides the day number, the new hour number
referring to the time of the last entry. (This latter operation is
indicated in the drawing by conductor L connecting the limit
deviation value segment of the shift register SR.sub.3 with the
input of bistable B.sub.2, as an alternative to input from
B.sub.1.)
In practice it would be feasible to provide check units near exit
doors at stations, etc. where consumers or passengers may in fact
regain a part of the expended value of the record bearer, if namely
they do not intend to enter into any repeat consumption within the
specified maximum time. This would be an optional possibility, for
example on long-distance lines.
It is also within the spirit of this invention, if local
circumstances so demand, to devise a fare charging system which
combines a time lapse based system, for example as illustrated in
FIGS. 22 and 23, with a zonal distance or mileage based charging
system, for example as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6. In this
instance units near exit doors would be provided where consumers or
passengers may regain a part of the expended value of the record
bearer or fare device, namely, if after a short journey it is not
desirous to enter into any repeat consumption within the specified
maximum time. This would be an optional possibility of a refined
fare token charging and collection system. A fare device for use in
this system is shown in FIG. 24. The need for such a system would
also be given when suburban lines pass through a city region when
inside the latter the time lapse system would apply and as vehicles
move outside that region only the zonal or mileage system would
apply.
The tracks shown in FIG. 24 would contain information indicative of
the following:
A.... a prepaid value information on the fare device
B.... a signal relating to a predetermined location
C.sub.1 ... a general validity information signal
C.sub.2 ... a specific time information signal
C.sub.3 ... specific validity information signal
C.sub.4 ... another specific validity information signal
M.... an index information signal
R.... a vehicle number signal (or route number signal)
The overall system has been described primarily from the standpoint
of information bearing signals in the form of pulse number or pulse
frequency. However, it is to be emphasized that the concepts of
this invention are equally applicable to information bearing
signals in the form of pulse time, digital, and analogue signals
generally.
While the invention has been described in connection with different
embodiments thereof, it will be understood that it is capable of
further modification, and this application is intended to cover any
variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in
general, the principles of the invention and including such
departures from the present disclosure as come within known or
customary practice in the art to which the invention pertains, and
as may be applied to the essential features hereinbefore set forth
and fall within the scope of the invention or the limits of the
appended claims.
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