U.S. patent number 3,607,496 [Application Number 04/807,761] was granted by the patent office on 1971-09-21 for jacketed fibrous duct and method and apparatus for applying the jacket to the duct.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Owens-Corning Fiberglass Corporation. Invention is credited to Ronald E. Kissell.
United States Patent |
3,607,496 |
Kissell |
September 21, 1971 |
JACKETED FIBROUS DUCT AND METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR APPLYING THE
JACKET TO THE DUCT
Abstract
The disclosure embraces a rigid duct of bonded fibers sheathed
or encased in a heat-shrunk jacket and involves a method of and
apparatus for applying a tubular jacket of a suitable
heat-shrinkable organic film onto the fibrous duct and applying
heat to the end regions of the jacket and throughout the length of
the jacket whereby the same is heat-shrunk or contracted to snugly
engage and enclose the exterior surfaces of the fibrous duct.
Inventors: |
Kissell; Ronald E. (Columbus,
OH) |
Assignee: |
Owens-Corning Fiberglass
Corporation (N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
25197121 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/807,761 |
Filed: |
March 17, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
156/86; 138/109;
138/149; 156/85; 156/556 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B29C
63/42 (20130101); F16L 47/22 (20130101); F16L
9/14 (20130101); Y10T 156/1744 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
B29C
63/42 (20060101); B29C 63/38 (20060101); F16L
9/00 (20060101); F16L 47/22 (20060101); F16L
47/00 (20060101); F16L 9/14 (20060101); B29c
027/20 () |
Field of
Search: |
;156/85,86 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Padgett; Benjamin R.
Assistant Examiner: Hellman; S. R.
Claims
I claim: 1The method of encasing a substantially rigid tubular
fibrous body with a shrinkable tubular film including disposing the
fibrous body in a substantially horizontal position upon a support,
telescoping the tubular film lengthwise onto the fibrous body,
directing heat from a heat source substantially the length of the
tubular body toward the tubular film in heat-transferring relation
therewith, and effecting relative rotational movement between the
heat source and the film on the fibrous body to shrink the film
into intimate contact with the body throughout its
periphery. 2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the directed
heat
from the heat source is radiant heat. 3. The method of encasing a
substantially rigid tubular body of glass fibers in a
heat-shrinkable tubular jacket including disposing the tubular body
in a substantially horizontal position on a support, telescoping
the tubular body and the jacket thereon about the axis of the
tubular body, and subjecting the rotating jacket to heat from a
heat source substantially the length of the tubular body to shrink
the jacket into intimate engagement with the body.
. The method of encasing a substantially rigid tubular fibrous body
in a tubular jacket of heat-shrinkable film including disposing the
tubular body in a substantially horizontal position upon a support,
telescoping the tubular film lengthwise onto the fibrous body with
end regions of the tubular film extending beyond the ends of the
fibrous body, applying heat by convection to the end regions of the
tubular film to shrink said end regions in stressed engagement with
the end regions of the body, and applying radiant heat to the
portion of the film intermediate its end
regions to shrink said portion in stressed engagement with the
body. 5. The method according to claim 4 including rotating the
fibrous body and the film thereon about the axis of the body during
the application of heat
to the film. 6. The method of encasing a substantially rigid
tubular fibrous body having male and female end configurations in a
tubular jacket of heat-shrinkable organic film including disposing
the tubular body in a substantially horizontal position upon a
support, telescoping a preformed tubular film lengthwise onto the
fibrous body with the ends of the film extending beyond the ends of
the fibrous body, applying heat by convection to the film at the
male end region of the body to shrink the film at said region in
engagement with the male end, applying heat by convection to the
film adjacent the female end of the body to shrink the film
radially inwardly embracing the female end, and applying radiant
heat to the portion of the film intermediate its end regions to
shrink said portion in
engagement with the body throughout its periphery. 7. The method
according to claim 6 including the step of trimming the inwardly
extending portion
of the film adjacent the female end of the body. 8. The method of
encasing a substantially rigid tubular body of glass fibers in a
jacket of heat-shrinkable material including disposing the tubular
body in a substantially horizontal position upon a support, fitting
the jacket onto the fibrous body with the end regions of the jacket
extending beyond the ends of the body, rotating the body and jacket
about the longitudinal axis of the body, applying heat to the end
regions of the rotating jacket to shrink the said regions in
stressed engagement with the end regions of the body, and applying
radiant heat to the rotating jacket exteriorly of the jacket and
substantially throughout its length to shrink the portion of the
jacket intermediate its end regions in stressed engagement with the
tubular fibrous body throughout its periphery.
Description
The invention relates to cylindrical tubular bodies of fibrous
material utilized as rigid duct sections in air duct systems
utilized for conveying air in both air-heating and air-cooling
systems and relates more especially to a rigid fibrous duct encased
in a jacket and to a method and apparatus for applying the jacket
to a duct section whereby the jacket provides a permanent sheath or
enclosure on the duct section.
Heretofore rigid fibrous ducts have been fashioned by inserting a
mass of binder impregnated fibers in a mold to cure the binder and
a covering of cloth wrapped around the duct primarily as a
protection for the fibers. Such cloth coverings are of porous
character and do not effectively function as moisture barriers for
preventing condensation resulting from substantial temperature
variations. Furthermore substantial heat losses may be encountered
in cloth covered duct sections by reason of the porosity of the
cloth and the temperature differentials between the ambient air and
the air interiorly of the duct.
The present invention embraces a rigid fibrous duct construction
having a snugly fitting tubular jacket encasing the fibrous duct
wherein the jacket comprises a heat-shrunk organic film or
surfacing material.
Another object of the invention resides in a method of applying a
tubular film of organic material including thermally shrinking or
contracting the film onto rigid fibrous duct section providing a
permanent jacket or casing for the duct.
Another object of the invention resides in a method of shrinking a
tubular film of heat-shrinkable resinous material onto a rigid
tubular duct of bonded mineral fibers, such as glass fibers, by
applying heat to the end regions of the tubular film on the duct to
shrink the end regions in snug engagement with the ends of the duct
section and applying heat exteriorly and lengthwise of the duct
section to shrink the film into intimate stressed contact or
engagement with the cylindrical duct throughout its periphery to
provide a permanent enclosure, casing or jacket for the duct
section without the use of fastening or securing means.
Another object of the invention resides in an arrangement for
rotating an elongated rigid fibrous body provided with a tubular
shrinkable film and means for applying heat to the end regions of
the tubular film on the body and for applying heat to the
intermediate region of the film on the body while rotating the same
for shrinking the tubular film into snug engagement with the body
throughout its length.
Another object of the invention resides in a method of encasing a
tubular fibrous duct section in a tubular heat-shrinkable jacket
involving the steps of telescoping a loosely fitting tubular jacket
of a heat-shrinkable organic film onto a duct section, effecting
relative movement of the duct section and jacket, applying heat to
the portions of the film adjacent the ends of the duct to shrink
the end portions of the film into snug engagement with the end
regions of the duct section and subjecting the moving jacket to
radiant heat throughout substantially the length of the duct
section to shrink or contract the jacket into intimate contact with
the rigid duct throughout its length.
Further objects and advantages are within the scope of this
invention such as relate to the arrangement operation and function
of the related elements of the structure, to various details of
construction and to combinations of parts, elements per se, and to
economies of manufacture and numerous other features as will be
apparent from a consideration of the specification and drawing of a
form of the invention, which may be preferred, in which:
FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of an arrangement for performing
steps in the method of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an end view of a portion of the apparatus illustrated in
FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 2 illustrating the method of
applying heat to the jacket on a duct section;
FIG. 5 is an isometric view of the male end of a jacketed duct
section, part of the jacket being broken away;
FIG. 6 is an isometric view of the female end of the fibrous duct
with the covering jacket;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary sectional view of the female end of the
duct illustrating an end region of the jacket, and
FIG. 8 illustrates a modified arrangement for applying heat for
shrinking a jacket on a duct section.
While the method of the invention is illustrated in applying a
tubular heat-shrinkable organic film onto a rigid tubular fibrous
duct of a character particularly usable in air conveying systems
for heating and cooling, it is to be understood that the method of
the invention may be utilized for applying tubular heat-shrinkable
jackets to other elongated fibrous bodies.
Referring to the drawings in detail, FIGS. 1 through 3 illustrate
an apparatus or arrangement for the performance of method steps in
applying heat-shrinkable tubular jackets onto rigid fibrous bodies
such as tubular duct sections. The method is particularly usable
for applying a jacket of heat-shrinkable organic film onto tubular
duct section 10 of fibrous material having ship lap ends, the male
end 12 being shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 and the female end 14 being
particularly illustrated in FIGS. 3, 6 and 7.
The duct section is cylindrical and is fashioned of mineral fibers,
for example, glass fibers compressed to a density in a range of 2
to 16 pounds or more per cubic foot providing a tubular duct of a
rigid character and the fibers bonded together by a suitable resin.
The arrangement or apparatus includes means for supporting and
rotating a duct section provided with a loosely fitting tubular
film or jacket 16, shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, of heat-shrinkable
material. The apparatus includes a frame or support means 18
comprising vertical struts 19, horizontal members 20 connecting the
struts 19 and transversely extending bars or members 21.
The lower ends of the struts 19 are provided with base plates 22
adapted to rest upon a floor or other supporting surface. The bars
21 are equipped with journal bearing means 23 of conventional
construction which support a shaft or mandrel 24 for rotation.
Mounted upon the frame 18 is a housing 26 enclosing variable speed
reducing mechanism or gearing of conventional character. Secured to
the housing 26 is a motor 27 for driving the speed reducing
mechanism. The output shaft 29 of the speed reducing mechanism
contained in the housing 26 is equipped with a sheave 30. The shaft
or mandrel 24 is equipped with a sheave 31, the sheaves 30 and 31
being connected by an endless belt 32 whereby the mandrel or shaft
24 is driven at a comparatively slow speed through the variable
speed reducing mechanism in the housing 26. As shown in FIGS. 1 and
2, the mandrel or shaft extends outwardly from the frame 18 a
substantial distance. Removably secured on the shaft 24 in
lengthwise spaced relation are disclike members or collars 34 and
35, the collar 35 being disposed adjacent the distal end of the
shaft 24.
The collars 34 and 35 are of a diameter slightly less than the
interior diameter of a duct section 10 whereby the duct may be
slidably received on the collars or supports 34 and 35. The collars
are removably secured to the shaft 24 so that pairs of collars of
different sizes may be employed to accommodate rigid fibrous ducts
of different interior diameters. A circular disc or abutment plate
38 is fixedly secured on the shaft 24 adjacent the frame 18 to
limit the lengthwise movement of the duct when the same is
telescoped onto the supporting collars 34 and 35.
FIG. 1 illustrates a tubular film, cover or jacket 16 of a size to
be loosely drawn over the duct 10 mounted on the collars 34 and 35,
the material of the film or jacket being of a character to be
heat-shrunk onto the tubular fibrous duct 10 as hereinafter
described.
Means is provided for applying heat to the tubular cover or jacket
to shrink the same into intimate engagement with the fibrous duct.
Mounted on a floor or other suitable support surface and spaced
lengthwise of the shaft 24 are transversely disposed parallel
tracks or ways 42 and 43. Mounted for movement on the tracks is a
frame structure or carriage 45 comprising lengthwise members 46,
upwardly extending struts 47 and diagonally or angularly arranged
struts 48. The lower ends of the horizontal frame members 46 are
connected by members 49.
The end regions of the horizontal frame members 46 are provided
with stub shafts 50 which journally support grooved wheels 51, the
grooved wheels 51 being engaged with the tracks 42 and 43 to
facilitate movement or adjustment of the carriage 45 toward and
away from a duct or duct section supported on the shaft or mandrel
24.
The arrangement includes heating means preferably of a character
providing radiant heat for shrinking the tubular cover or jacket 16
onto a duct section. In the embodiment illustrated, an elongated
member 53 is mounted parallel to the shaft 24 and is secured to the
upper ends of the struts 47 of the carriage 45. The member 53 is of
generally U-shaped cross section to provide a reflecting means for
heat producing means 54 mounted within the member 53. In the
embodiment illustrated the heat producing means 54 are in the form
of infrared, resistance or calrod heaters which develop radiant
heat reflected by member 53.
When the carriage 45 is moved to the position shown in FIG. 4, the
heating means 54 is in effective heat-transferring relation with
the cover or jacket 16 on the duct section supported by the collars
34 and 35 on the shaft 24. The member 53 and the heating means 54
are of a length to apply radiant heat to the jacket 16 throughout
substantially the length of the duct 10.
The method includes an arrangement for applying heat to the
heat-shrinkable jacket 16 adjacent the end regions of the duct 10
in order to shrink the end regions of the jacket into snug
engagement with the end regions of the duct. It has been found
desirable to utilize a comparatively small heating means or unit
57, preferably a portable unit, that may be held in the hand of the
operator for directing heat onto the ends of the jacket 16. The
heating device 57 comprises a body 58 in which is disposed an air
blower rotated by an electrically energizable motor 60.
The heater body 58 is fashioned with a cylindrical tubular
extension 62 containing an electrically energizable heater of the
resistance type for heating the air which is delivered by the
blower onto the end regions of the jacket supported on the duct on
the mandrel. Secured to the heater body 58 is a suitable handle 63
which is tubular to accommodate an electric supply conductor 64
adapted to be connected with any suitable conventional current
supply outlet.
The portable heater 57, embodying a resistance heating unit,
provides heat for shrinking the end regions of the jacket 16 by
convection through the heated moving air and by the radiant energy
from the resistance heating unit in the unit. While two portable
heating units 57 and 57' are illustrated in FIG. 3, one heating
unit may be employed to first shrink the jacket on one end of the
duct and, subsequently, the same heating unit may be employed to
shrink the jacket on the opposite end region of the duct.
The tubular film, cover or jacket 16 is a heat-shrinkable organic
film which is preexpanded or stretched so as to be effectively
contracted or shrunk under the influence of heat. This
characteristic is imparted to the organic film by the film
manufacturer at the time the tubular film is formed. A suitable
material having this characteristic is polyvinylidene chloride
(Saran). Other suitable heat-shrinkable organic films may be
employed as a heat-shrinkable tubular jacket, such as rubber
hydrochloride (Pliofilm), fluorocarbon resin (Teflon), polyester
resin (Mylar) or other heat-shrinkable resinous material.
The heat-shrinkable film is preferably of a thickness of about 0.02
of an inch but the film may be as thin as 0.001 of an inch up to a
thickness of 0.030 of an inch depending upon the characteristics
desired for the jacket enclosing a duct.
The method of applying the tubular jacket, casing or sheath 16 to a
rigid tubular fibrous duct 10 is as follows: The heat-shrinkable
tubular film is cut to a length a few inches longer than the length
of the rigid fibrous duct to be covered. The ducts are usually 6
feet in length but may be of lesser or greater length if desired.
The motor 27 is energized and the variable speed mechanism in the
housing 26 adjusted to rotate the shaft or mandrel 24 at a
comparatively low speed for the heat-shrinking operation.
For example, in heat-shrinking a jacket 16 on a fibrous duct of an
exterior diameter of 8 inches, the shaft 24 and the duct mounted on
the collars 34 and 35 are rotated at a speed in a range of about 9
to 12 revolutions per minute. If fibrous ducts of smaller diameters
are being equipped with heat-shrinkable jackets, the shaft 24 and
the duct are rotated at a proportionately increased speed and, for
a duct of larger diameter, the speed of the shaft 24 is
proportionately reduced so as to maintain substantially the same
peripheral linear travel of the jacket past the radiant heating
means.
The rate of peripheral linear travel of the rotating duct is
dependent in a measure on the amount of radiant heat energy
provided by the heating means 54. After the desired speed of
rotation of the shaft 24 is attained through adjustment of the
speed reducer 26, the operator telescopes a rigid fibrous duct or
duct section 10 onto the supporting collars 34 and 35 to the
position shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The operator then telescopes or
draws a length of the tubular unshrunk organic film onto the duct
10 to the position shown in FIG. 1 with the ends of the tubular
jacket extending beyond the ends of the duct.
The operator then energizes the heater 57 and disposes the heater
in the position shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 to shrink the end region of
the film providing the jacket 16 adjacent the male end 12 of the
duct 10. The same or similar heating unit 57 is then disposed in
the position shown at 57' in FIG. 3 at the right end of the duct 10
to shrink the material of the jacket around the female end 14 of
the duct to the position illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7. The action
of shrinking the material of the jacket around the male end of the
duct draws the left end region of the jacket so that the end 17 is
in the position shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 in snug engagement with the
tenon 12.
The operator then energizes the radiant heating means 54 and moves
the carriage 45 in a left-hand direction, as viewed in FIG. 2, to
the position shown in FIG. 4, with the heating means spaced from
but in close proximity to the jacket 16 on the duct. The heating
means 54, extending throughout the length of the duct, shrinks the
film or jacket into intimate tensioned engagement with duct as the
duct and jacket are slowly rotated by the motor 27. The radiant
energy of the heating means is reflected by the U-shaped support
member 53 so that the radiant heat energy is efficiently employed
in shrinking the film or jacket 16.
It is found that a temperature of about 270.degree. F. at the
peripheral region of the jacket adjacent the heating means 54 is
effective to shrink a film of polyvinylidene but other
heat-shrinkable films may require different temperatures. The
temperature at the periphery of the jacket should be in a range
between 225.degree. F. and 300.degree. F. It is found that the
radiant heating means 54 in heat-applying position, shown in FIG.
4, may be in a range of about 1 inch to 3 inches from the periphery
of the jacket on the duct.
After the jacket 16 is thus shrunk and stressed in tension into
intimate unbonded contact or engagement with the duct throughout
its periphery, the carriage 45 is retracted to the position shown
in FIG. 2. The operator then trims the overhanging inwardly
extending portion 40 of the film at the female end of the duct to
form a circular opening defined by the inner circular terminus 41
of the jacket end, shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. When the female end of
the sheathed duct is telescoped with a male end 12 of an adjacent
duct section, the overhanging portion 40 is sufficient to be folded
along the male portion 12 during assembly of the ship lap ends of
the duct sections. The trimming of the inwardly extending jacket
portion 40 may be accomplished by use of a sharp instrument or an
electrically heated tool of conventional construction. The operator
then withdraws the completed sheathed duct section lengthwise from
the collars 34 and 35 on the shaft 24.
In assembling a duct section with an adjacent duct section in
installing an air duct system, the male end is engaged with a
female end in ship lap fashion, and the overhanging portion 40 of
the jacket at the female end is folded along the tenon 12 providing
overlapping engagement of end portions of the films or jackets 16
at the juncture of adjacent duct sections.
Collars or support means 34 and 35 for the duct sections are
provided of various diameters to accommodate duct sections having
interior diameters in a range of 4 to 20 inches or more. For
processing duct sections of different interior diameters, the
variable speed mechanism contained in the housing 26 is adjusted to
maintain the linear peripheral movement of a duct section at
substantially a uniform rate so that the jacket is subjected to a
substantially uniform heat treatment from the radiant heating means
54 irrespective of the diameter of the duct section. The method
steps are then repeated upon a succeeding fibrous duct section
fitted onto the support collars 34 and 35. Through the method above
described, a rigid duct section of glass fibers or other mineral
fibers is provided with a permanent sheath or jacket without the
use of adhesive or other fastening means.
FIG. 8 illustrates a modified arrangement for applying infrared or
radiant heat to an organic film jacket on a fibrous duct section to
shrink the jacket on the section. Mounted upon a base plate 66 are
lengthwise spaced journal members 68 in which a shaft 69 is
journally supported in substantial parallelism with the mandrel or
shaft 24' , the latter supporting a duct section 10' on which is
loosely disposed a heat-shrinkable organic film or jacket 16' .
Mounted upon the shaft 69 is an upwardly extending frame or
carriage 70 supporting a bar or member 71 of U-shaped cross section
within which is supported radiant heating means 72. The heating
means 72 may be of the calrod or resistance type. The position of
the carriage 70 and heating means 72, when not in film-shrinking
position, is illustrated in broken lines at 70' . An abutment
member 74 mounted on the base 66 defines the retracted position of
the frame 70.
The base 66 is fashioned with a projection 76 having a threaded
bore to accommodate an adjustable abutment means or threaded member
78 which, as shown in FIG. 8, determines the position of the frame
70 and heating means 72 when the latter is in a position providing
radiant heat in jacket shrinking position. The abutment means or
screw 78 may be adjusted to secure the desired operative position
for the radiant heating means 72. When different size ducts are
supported by collars on the mandrel 24' , the abutment screw 78 may
be adjusted to change the operative position of the heating means
72.
In the use of the arrangement shown in FIG. 8 in carrying out the
method, the mandrel 24' is rotated at a slow speed through
speed-reducing mechanism contained in the housing 26 shown in FIG.
1. The operator telescopes a fibrous duct section 10 ' onto
supporting collars carried by the shaft 24' and a length of tubular
heat-shrinkable organic film providing the jacket is drawn or
telescoped onto the rotating duct section 10' .
The ends of the film or jacket 16' are shrunk into snug or intimate
engagement with the end regions of the duct section by portable
heating means of the character illustrated at 57 in FIGS. 3 and 4.
The operator then swings the frame of carriage 70 in a
counterclockwise direction about the axis of the 69 from the
position 70' , shown in broken lines to the full line position with
the carriage engaging the abutment 78. In this position the heating
means 72 is in close proximity to the film or jacket on the duct
and the radiant heat shrinks the film or jacket 16' into intimate
unbonded surface engagement with the exterior of the duct 10' .
After the shrinking operation is completed, the carriage 70 is
moved by the operator to its out-of-use position indicated at 70' .
The portion of the jacket extending over the female end of the duct
section is severed or trimmed as hereinbefore described to provide
an opening such as the opening defined by the trimmed edge 41 shown
in FIG. 6, thus completing the assembly of the jacket in intimate
stressed condition on the duct section.
While portable heating units illustrated are of the type embodying
electric resistance heating means and blower means for delivering
heated air onto the ends of the jacket for shrinking the ends, it
is to be understood that radiant-heating units may be employed for
the purpose.
It is apparent that, within the scope of the invention,
modifications and different arrangements may be made other than as
herein disclosed, and the present disclosure is illustrative
merely, the invention comprehending all variations thereof.
* * * * *