U.S. patent number 3,604,868 [Application Number 05/059,420] was granted by the patent office on 1971-09-14 for locking toggle switch.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Joseph Pollak Corp.. Invention is credited to Kent J. Batcheller, Earl Bullis, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,604,868 |
Batcheller , et al. |
September 14, 1971 |
LOCKING TOGGLE SWITCH
Abstract
A toggle switch designed to prevent accidental actuation. The
switch may be locked against operation by pushing the toggle into
the body of the switch and turning it through 90.degree..
Conversely, the toggle must be pushed and twisted through
90.degree. to return the toggle from the locked position into the
normal operating position. The mechanism by which the locking
feature is obtained utilizes the toggle pivots and operating
grooves normally found in toggle switches but adds a second set of
grooves perpendicular to the normal operating grooves and into
which the toggle pivots may be shifted. The conventional spring
used for plunger pressure in a toggle switch also serves to hold
the toggle pivots in either set of grooves. In an alternative
embodiment, the switch may be of the double-throw type capable of
being locked in any position, the toggle being captured in the same
manner as in the single-throw version by being pushed into the body
of the switch and turned through 90.degree..
Inventors: |
Batcheller; Kent J. (Westwood,
MA), Bullis, Jr.; Earl (Westwood, MA) |
Assignee: |
Joseph Pollak Corp. (Boston,
MA)
|
Family
ID: |
22022837 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/059,420 |
Filed: |
July 30, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
200/437; 74/534;
200/43.16; 200/339; 70/203; 200/325 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01H
3/20 (20130101); Y10T 74/20678 (20150115); Y10T
70/5739 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
H01H
3/20 (20060101); H01H 3/02 (20060101); H01h
013/28 () |
Field of
Search: |
;200/67G,68,166SD,42T,169R,172R ;70/203,192 ;74/534,536 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Smith, Jr.; David
Claims
Claims:
1. A locking toggle switch comprising a lower housing, electrical
contacts and a cooperating wiper disposed in said lower housing,
second a toggle having oppositely extending pivot pins formed
thereon and an end disposed in said lower housing for actuating
said wiper, an upper housing, means for supporting said pivot pins
in said upper housing in one plate to permit pivoting motion of
said toggle and actuation of said wiper and means for supporting
said pivot pins in said upper housing in a second plane normal to
said one plane means disposed in said upper housing for capturing
said toggle when said pivot pins are disposed in said second means
to lock said toggle against pivoting motion and said wiper against
actuation.
2. A toggle switch as defined in claim 1 wherein said means for
supporting said pivot pins in said one plane comprises a first set
of relatively deep aligned grooves formed within said upper
housing, said pivot pins being rotatable in said first set of
aligned grooves.
3. A toggle switch as defined in claim 2 wherein said means for
supporting said pivot pins in a second plane to lock said toggle
comprise a second set of relatively shallow aligned grooves normal
to said first set of aligned grooves formed within said upper
housing.
4. A toggle switch as defined in claim 3 wherein said
toggle-capturing means comprises means forming an opening, said
toggle including an enlarged section, said enlarged section
extending into said opening when said pivot pins are disposed in
said second set of aligned grooves.
5. In a locking toggle switch having an upper and a lower housing,
a toggle, electrical contacts and a wiper disposed in said lower
housing and having an end of said toggle disposed in said lower
housing to actuate said wiper, the combination of a rectangular
plate disposed in said upper housing and having a generally
keyhole-shaped opening formed therein, the larger circular portion
of said keyhole being adjacent the center of said plate and said
housing, the smaller slotted portion of said keyhole-shaped opening
extending longitudinally and centrally of said plate, said toggle
having a plunger of diameter smaller than the width of said slot
extending therethrough and contacting said wiper, said toggle
having a cylindrical body surrounding said plunger and being of
diameter larger than the width of said slot and smaller than the
diameter of said central opening, said toggle also having a pair of
pivot pins extending oppositely outward from the body thereof, said
upper housing having a first set of relatively deep aligned grooves
formed in a lower surface thereof to accommodate said pivot pins,
said toggle body being free of said central opening when said pivot
pins are disposed in said first set of aligned grooves, said upper
housing also having a second set of relatively shallow aligned
grooves formed in a lower surface thereof in a plane perpendicular
to that of said first set of aligned grooves, said cylindrical body
of said toggle extending into said central opening when said pivot
pins are disposed in said second set of aligned grooves, whereby
said toggle may be pivoted to actuate said wiper when said pivot
pins are disposed in said first set of aligned grooves and is
locked against pivoting when said pivot pins are disposed in said
second set of aligned grooves.
6. In a locking toggle switch having an upper and a lower housing,
a toggle, electrical contacts and a wiper disposed in said lower
housing and having an end of said toggle disposed in said lower
housing to actuate said wiper, the combination of a plate disposed
between said upper and lower housing having a slot which includes
an enlarged central opening formed therein, first means for
supporting said toggle in said upper housing, an end of said toggle
being disposed in and normally free to move in said slot to permit
actuation of said wiper, said toggle having an enlarged section
above said end, and second means displaced from said first means
for supporting said toggle in said upper housing with said enlarged
section captured in said enlarged central opening.
7. In a locking toggle switch as defined in claim 6, the
combination wherein said pivot means for supporting said toggle
comprises relatively deep grooves in a lower surface of said upper
housing, said toggle having pivot pins extending therefrom and
rotatable in said grooves, said second means comprising relatively
shallow grooves formed in said lower surface.
8. In a locking toggle switch as defined in claim 4, the
combination wherein said toggle-capturing means comprises a plate
disposed in said upper housing, said plate having a plurality of
openings formed therein, said openings constituting overlapping
circular apertures the narrowest widths of which are narrower than
said enlarged section, said openings each being of greater diameter
than that of said enlarged section, whereby said toggle is
immovable from any of said openings when said pivot pins are
disposed in said second set of aligned grooves.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Perhaps the most common switch in use is the toggle switch which
finds application in innumerable devices. Also, of course, the
varieties of toggle switches in use are almost unlimited. However,
in some situations accidental actuation of a toggle switch can lead
to unfortunate or even disastrous consequences. It is in such
environments that the present invention finds its greatest utility.
Certainly, for example, it is desirable to prevent the accidental
actuation of a toggle switch in an aircraft control, and it may be
equally important to prevent such accidental actuation of a toggle
switch on an electrical control board or even on a chain saw.
The danger of accidental actuation of a toggle switch is inherent
because of its protruding handle, and that fact has not gone
unrecognized. Numerous protective devices have been designed and
sold to avoid the problem. Unfortunately, however, most such
devices are complex, and they are frequently expensive. For
example, a toggle switch provided with a hinged cover that must be
lifted before the toggle may be actuated has achieved some
acceptance in the market, but it is relatively expensive, wasteful
of material and inconvenient for many installations.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In overall external appearance, the embodiments of the present
invention are similar to conventional toggle switches. The locking
feature is internally incorporated in the toggle switch, and no
additional external members are required with the possible
exception of a faceplate on which operating instructions may be
printed. Moreover, the locking feature may be built into any type
of switch irrespective of the number of poles or whether or not the
switch is single-throw or double-throw. The switching action may be
momentary contact or maintained contact. In its simplest form the
switch has an "OFF" position in which the toggle extends vertically
from the switch housing, and that is the position in which locking
is provided. In other more elaborate forms locking may also be had
in "ON" positions. It is also desirable for ease of operation that
a flat toggle handle be used.
The basic upper housing of the switch may be die-cast with a
threaded stem extending from the upper surface of the upper
housing. Within the upper housing and on the bottom surface of the
stem, two sets of aligned grooves are formed in such a fashion that
one set of aligned grooves is perpendicular to the other. The set
of grooves corresponding to those normally used for operating the
toggle is formed in the usual manner, and the set of grooves
perpendicular to the conventional grooves is somewhat shallower for
reasons detailed below. The toggle itself is preferably a
conventional flat-handled toggle which is modified by the formation
of two steps or shoulders at points beneath the spherical pivoting
section.
In the basic embodiment of the invention a steel plate slotted to
accommodate and guide the plunger of the toggle is provided in the
assembly, as is an insulation plate having the same configuration.
In both plates, the center of the slot is enlarged to form a round
opening through which first step or shoulder on the toggle may
pass, the second step or shoulder limiting the extension of the
toggle through the central opening in the steel plate.
In alternative forms of the invention, the locking and insulating
plates have three aligned intersecting openings in each one of
which the toggle may be captured.
For a better understanding of the present invention, the following
detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention
should be read with reference to the attached drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a sectional elevation of single-pole, single-throw toggle
switch incorporating the locking feature of the present
invention;
FIG. 2 is a view of a locking plate useful in a toggle switch such
as that of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a view in section of the toggle switch of FIG. 1, the
toggle being turned through 90.degree.;
FIG. 4 is a further sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 and
2, the toggle, however, being in the locked "OFF" position;
FIG. 5 is a view of a rocking wiper for use in a toggle switch;
FIG. 6 is an alternative form of the locking plate of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a view in section of a double-throw switch incorporating
the invention;
FIG. 8 shows the locking plate preferred for the switch of FIG. 7,
the toggle being centered;
FIG. 9 shows the switch in section at 90.degree. to the view of
FIG. 7, the toggle having been actuated, and
FIG. 10 shows the position of the toggle relative to the locking
plate in the unlocked actuated position.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In FIG. 1 and 2 there may be seen a die-cast upper housing member
12 from the upper surface of which a threaded hollow stem 14
extends. At the base of the stem, recessed within the housing
member 12, two sets of aligned grooves are formed, a relatively
deep set of grooves running perpendicular to the long dimension of
the housing member 12, and the other relatively shallow set of
grooves running parallel to the long dimension of the housing
member 12 and perpendicular to the first set of grooves. These
grooves may be designated the operating grooves 16 and the locking
grooves 18. A toggle having a flat handle 20 extends through and is
retained in the stem 14. Immediately below the flat handle 20 is a
generally spherical pivot base 22 from which pivot pins 24 and 26
extend at diametrically opposite points.
The toggle terminates in an insulating plunger 27 which is inserted
in the hollow toggle body 28. A compression spring 29 within the
hollow toggle body permits the plunger 27 to be pushed or
telescoped into the toggle body when pressure is exerted against
the extremity of the plunger.
The outer cylindrical toggle body may be formed with an enlarged
length 30, or a sleeve may be pressed over it to form the enlarged
length. As a result, two shoulders are formed, one where the
plunger emerges from the toggle body and one where the toggle body
28 meets the enlargement or sleeve 30.
A rectangular plate 32, preferably of hardened steel, fits within
tabs, (not shown), on the lower surface of the upper housing member
12 for alignment. A similar plate 36 made of insulating material
fits beneath the plate 32. Similar circular central openings 38 are
formed in the plates 32 and 36. These openings are aligned and are
of a diameter slightly larger than that of the toggle body 28. A
slot 42 extends outwardly along the long dimensions of the plates,
and it is of a width slightly greater than the diameter of the
plunger 27 and slightly less than that of the toggle body 28.
A rocking wiper 48 is disposed in a lower housing or switch body 50
which may be joined to the upper housing member 12 in any
conventional manner. The wiper is arranged to assume either of two
positions and, in one position, it completes a circuit between
contact points disposed in the lower housing 50. As is conventional
in the toggle switch art, the pivoting of the toggle causes the
wiper to rock, the spring-biased plunger imparting an overcenter
snap action.
In both FIGS. 1 and 2, the toggle is shown pressed into the switch
body, and the toggle body 28 is captured in the opening 38. In FIG.
4, however, the toggle has been allowed to respond to the pressure
of the spring 29, and the pivot pins 24 and 26 are disposed in the
locking grooves 18. The grooves 18 are shallower than the operating
grooves 16, and the toggle body 28 is captured in the opening 38 of
the plate 32.
FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate alternative components that may be used
for the wiper 48 and the rectangular plates 32 respectively. Of
course, the insulating rectangular plate 36 would match the locking
plate 32, having the same outline in the alternative embodiment as
that shown in FIG. 6. Switching and locking action are the same as
in the preferred embodiment. However, the plate 32 has a slot
extending in both directions along its long dimension and the wiper
48 has a stop tab 56 struck up from its upper surface to prevent
the plunger 27 from moving beyond the central opening in a
direction opposite to that in which switching contact is made.
Understanding of the operation of the single-throw toggle switch
described is aided by a consideration of some typical dimensions.
For example, considering the toggle plunger 27, its outside
diameter is small enough to clear the width of the slot 42, the
slot having a width of 0.072 inches to 0.076 inches. The toggle
body 28 has an outside diameter greater than the slot width and, in
fact, may be 0.154 inches to 0.160 inches. The enlarged section or
sleeve 30 may be 0.186 inches to 0.192 inches.
The opening 38 in which the toggle body 28 is designed to be
captured may be 0.164 inches to 0.170 inches. Of course, the length
of the toggle, especially from the pivot pins to the end of the
toggle body 28, must be calculated with the difference of the
depths of the respective sets of grooves 16 and 18 in mind in order
that capture and release of the toggle body 28 from the opening 38
occurs depending upon whether the pivot pins are in the locking
grooves 18 or in the operating grooves 16. Also, the distance that
the toggle body 28 extends from the sleeve 30 is of importance to
maintain necessary clearance in switching action and to limit the
insertion of the toggle body 28 into the opening 38 when the toggle
is pushed into the switch body to initiate or terminate locking
action.
In FIG. 7 through 9, a double-throw version of the locking switch
is illustrated. The double-throw switch could, of course, have the
same features as the single-throw switch described above; that is,
the locking feature could be incorporated only in the central or
"OFF" position. However, as is explained in greater detail below,
locking is available in the illustrated embodiment not only in the
central "OFF" position but also in the two "ON" positions.
Many of the individual components of the double-throw switch are
similar to their counterparts in the single-throw switch, and they
have been numbered accordingly. Some additional detail is also
shown in order that the operation of the double-throw switch may be
more easily comprehended. For example, the lower housing 50 and the
method by which electrical connection is made through the lower
housing is shown in greater detail. The housing 50 may be of any
one of numerous insulating materials such as Bakelite and three
electrical terminals 52, 54, and 56 carried by suitable L-shaped
brackets 58, 60, and 62 respectively are riveted through the bottom
of the lower housing 50. The rivet caps 64, 66, and 68 serve as
electrical contact points within the switch.
In FIG. 7, the switch is shown in the "OFF" position but the pivot
pins, of which pin 24 may be seen, are held in the operating
grooves 16 by the action of the spring 29. The switch is unlocked
and ready for actuation as shown. In FIG. 9, the switch is shown
after actuation. It will be noted that the wiper 48 is in contact
with the electrical contact point 64. Of course, the central area
of the wiper arm remains in contact with the electrical contact 66
to complete a circuit through the terminals 52 and 54. Of course,
if the toggle 20 is thrown in the opposite direction, as shown in
phantom in FIG. 9, the wiper 48 is in electrical contact with the
contact point 68 to establish a circuit through the terminals 54
and 56.
The mechanism by which locking is achieved in each of the three
positions may be better understood by a consideration of FIG. 8 and
10. FIG. 8 is a section, as noted, taken along the lines 8--8 of
FIG. 7. The plunger 27 may be seen to be centrally disposed in the
enlarged central opening 38 which, of course, is continuous through
the locking plate 32 and the insulating plate 36. However, in this
instance, the opening consists of three circular enlargements which
meet and overlap to some extent. To one side of the enlarged
central opening 38 is another enlargement 72 and to the other side
of the enlarged central opening 38 is a third enlargement 74. If it
is desired to lock the switch in the "OFF" positions, the toggle 20
is turned through 90.degree. and pushed into the body of the switch
causing the toggle body 28 to enter the opening 38. When the toggle
is permitted to rise from the body of the switch, the pivot pins
become engaged in the locking grooves 18 which, being shallower
than the operating grooves 16, do not permit the toggle body 28 to
clear the opening 38. Thus, the toggle body 28 is captured by the
locking plate 32, and the switch is incapable of actuation in that
position.
In similar manner, as may be appreciated by a consideration of FIG.
9 and 10, the switch may be locked in an "ON" position by turning
the toggle through 90.degree. and once again permitting the pivot
pins to rise into and become engaged by the locking grooves 18. In
FIG. 10, as in FIG. 8, the plunger 27 may be seen to clear the
opening 72 in the same manner as it clears the opening 38. In fact,
the plunger 27 is sufficiently small that it will clear the
narrowest width where the circular openings meet. However, when
locking is desired, the toggle body 28 is captured by the opening
72 to hold the switch in the "ON" position in exactly the same
manner as the switch is held in the "OFF" position by engagement of
the body 28 by the opening 38. Of course, the same result is
attained when the toggle is in the phantom position shown in FIG.
9, in which position the toggle body 28 is captured by the enlarged
circular opening 74 in the locking plate.
Preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown and
described. However, as will be obvious upon a reading of the
foregoing specification, the concepts underlying the invention are
applicable to numerous varieties of toggle switches. Only minor
modifications would be required to utilize the invention in
multiple pole switches either of the three-position or two-position
type. Similarly, momentary or maintained contact is possible as are
combinations of the two. The invention should be limited only by
the scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *