U.S. patent number 3,603,783 [Application Number 05/023,379] was granted by the patent office on 1971-09-07 for lantern having magnetic lamp focusing and switching.
Invention is credited to Arthur G. Schwartz.
United States Patent |
3,603,783 |
Schwartz |
September 7, 1971 |
LANTERN HAVING MAGNETIC LAMP FOCUSING AND SWITCHING
Abstract
Lamp excitation, deexcitation, focusing and defocusing is
provided in a lantern assembly by means of a single externally
controlled magnet which coacts with an internal hard-wired
hermetically sealed magnetic reed switch to control lamp excitation
and an internal magnetic member for providing lamp position
adjustment for infinite focus control. Under high current
conditions a pushbutton switch may be a desired substitute for the
reed switch. Suitable environmental conditions may further permit
the use of slide or wiper contacts for lamp excitation control
where good electrical contact between exposed metal surfaces can be
readily maintained.
Inventors: |
Schwartz; Arthur G. (Sunnyvale,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
21814742 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/023,379 |
Filed: |
March 27, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
362/188 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F21L
4/00 (20130101); F21V 19/02 (20130101); F21L
2/00 (20130101); F21V 23/0414 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F21V
19/02 (20060101); F21L 4/00 (20060101); F21l
007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;240/10.66,10.69
;340/90,92,122,120 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Capozi; Louis J.
Claims
I claim:
1. In a lantern having a source of electromagnetic energy adapted
to be coupled to a source of power and free to move along the axis
of a curved reflector partially surrounding said source, the
improvement comprising:
a hollow housing disposed on the convex side of said curved
reflector;
an external selectively moveable member mounted on the exterior
surface of said housing; and means mounted within the interior of
said hollow housing and to said source of electromagnetic energy to
move said source of electromagnetic energy to any desired position
within a predetermined range along the axis of said reflector in
response to the movement of said external member, wherein one of
said member induces a magnetic field in the other of said
member.
2. In a lantern according to claim 1, an electrical switch means
mounted within the interior of said hollow housing and adapted to
be actuated in response to a predetermined movement of said
external member for coupling said source of electromagnetic energy
to a source of power.
3. In a lantern according to claim 2 wherein said electrical switch
means in a magnetic reed switch, said external member is a magnet
and said internal member is a magnetic susceptible member.
4. In a lantern according to claim 3 wherein said internal and
external members are in the shape of a toroid.
5. In a lantern according to claim 2 wherein said electrical switch
means is a pushbutton switch.
6. In a lantern according to claim 2 wherein said electrical switch
means comprises a sliding contact switch.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Numerous proposals have been made for providing both mechanically
and electromagnetically adjustable focus control in portable
lanterns and other lamp systems. Still other lanterns and lamp
systems are known in which lamp excitation is controlled by
magnetic field actuated switches including magnetic reed switches.
Under conditions of high humidity or in corrosive or flammable
atmospheres, for example, mechanically switched and adjusted
lanterns are found to become unreliable and subject to dangerous
arcing due to the great difficulty in maintaining good seals about
the mechanical parts which penetrate the housing holding the
electrical components and batteries. For use in underwater salvage
and driving operations, lanterns which exhibit lack of watertight
integrity become useless.
Known lanterns which utilize electromagnetically adjustable focus
control can be made water and airtight but suffer the disadvantage
of providing for only two positions of focusing without elaborate
and expensive current control circuits for controlling the current
passing through the focusing solenoid.
Known lanterns which utilize magnetically controlled reed switches
for controlling lamp excitation are found to require either
separately operable focusing means or simply do not provide for
lamp focusing.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A principal object of the present invention is a lantern assembly
provided with a single externally controlled magnet and an internal
magnetic member for controlling both the lamp excitation and
focusing.
Another principal object of the present invention is a portable
lantern as immediately described above which may be made water and
gastight for use in underwater operations and in hostile
atmospheric environments.
A principal feature of the present invention is a single externally
controlled moveable magnet adapted to coact with a freely moveable
internal magnetic susceptible member coupled to a lamp for
selectively positioning the lamp along the axis of a curved
reflector for providing infinite focus control.
Another principal feature of the present invention is a lamp
excitation switch which is controlled by the above-described single
externally controlled moveable magnet.
These and other objects, features and advantages will be readily
apparent from the following detailed description and accompanying
drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a partial schematic and simplified side view of a lamp
assembly embodying the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial schematic and simplified side view of an
alternative embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along the lines 3--3
of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a partial schematic and simplified side view of another
embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a partial schematic and simplified side view of another
embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
For the sake of clarity the invention is described using the same
designations for identical features shown in each of the figures
and much of the nonessential hardware has been omitted as its
implementation is clearly within the skill of the art and forms no
essential part of the invention.
Referring to FIGS. 1-5, the present invention is shown embodied in
the form of a conventional hand held flashlight consisting of a
parabolic reflector 1 mounted on one end of a hollow housing 2.
Housing 2 may be of a nonmagnetic, conductive or nonconductive
material and is provided with a cap 3 permitting access to its
interior wherein one or more replaceable or rechargeable batteries
4 are located. It is understood that in some applications an
external power source may be coupled through cap 3 and used in lieu
of batteries 4 and cap 3 permanently sealed to housing 2.
Alternatively, rechargeable batteries may be permanently sealed
within housing 2 and the leads used for recharging them brought out
through cap 3. At the vertex of reflector 1 and freely mounted for
movement along the axis of reflector 1, there is provided a socket
5 in which is removably mounted a conventional incandescent bulb 6.
Reflector 1 is provided with axially directed flanges 10, 11 of
sufficient depth in the vicinity of socket 5 to provide adequate
support to maintain socket 5 and bulb 6 in axial alignment as
socket 5 and bulb 6 are moved to selected positions within a
predetermined range along the axis of reflector 1 during focusing
and defocusing.
The means by which the axial position of bulb 6 is moved to
selected positions within a predetermined range comprises an arm 15
the left end of which is suitably attached to the rear surface of
socket 5, as by spot welding. The right end of arm 15 is attached
mechanically and, if arm 15 is conductive, electrically to a
conventional magnetic reed switch 16. Batteries 4 are connected
between the right terminal of switch 16 and socket 5. The leads to
batteries 4 are of sufficient length to permit unimpeded movement
of arm 15. As is well known, a magnetic reed switch comprises at
least one pair of magnetic wands which are caused to make or break
contact under the influence of an externally applied magnetic
field. Closely adjacent the reed switch 16 there is provided a
magnetic member 17 which is fixedly secured to arm 15. A magnet 20
is slideably mounted in a slotted channel 18 on the external
surface of housing 2 and is adapted to be moved along a path
parallel to the axis of movement of bulb 6. As shown, member 20 may
be formed with a slight indentation and its upper surface 21
serrated to provide additional friction and ease of operation as is
often required by persons wearing gloves or when fingers and thumbs
are wet and cold as occurs in underwater operations.
In operation, magnet 20 is moved left from its "off" position as
shown. The magnetic field generated by magnet 20 engages reed
switch 16 causing its wands to make contact which in turn couples
power into bulb 6 from batteries 4 or any external source as
hereinbefore mentioned. Magnet 20 also induces an appropriately
polarized magnetic field in member 17 which with movement of magnet
20 in a leftward direction causes arm 15 and hence bulb 6 to be
moved leftward thereby effecting an increase or decrease in
focusing or beam spread depending on where the bulb 6 is initially
located relative to the focal point of reflector 1.
Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, alternatively, magnetic member 17 may
take the form of a toroid 20'. The enhanced field conditions in
this form of the invention are found to permit greater control and
the toroidal shape of magnet 20' permits lamp switching and
adjustment without the need for rotating the lantern to reach an
isolated switching member. It is understood, however, that in any
of the embodiments described, the internal members 17, 17' may
comprise a magnet and the external members 20, 20' may comprise a
magnetic susceptible material.
It is believed important to recall at this point that the described
invention may be most advantageously utilized under the most
hostile conditions of dampness, corrosive and flammable atmospheres
with a high degree of reliability. In this regard it is noted that
in the preferred embodiment described with respect to FIGS. 1-3,
there are no moveable electrical contacts which are subject to
hostile environmental conditions. Reed switch 16 is comprised of
wands hermetically sealed in a near vacuum. The external
connections of reed switch 16 may be hard-wired or soldered to arm
15 which is in turn soldered or welded to socket 5. In like fashion
each of batteries 4 may be hard-wired to each other as well as to
socket 5 and reed switch 4. Thus even when housing 2 is worn or
damaged and gas and watertight integrity is lost, there is no
damage to or corrosion of any electrical contacts. Nor is there the
danger of arcing which would prevent use of the lantern in
flammable atmospheres. At the very worst, the drain on batteries 4
may be accelerated due to lower resistance paths between exposed
conductive surfaces which may be compensated for by adequate
insulation.
Referring to FIG. 4 there is shown an alternative embodiment of the
present invention wherein a conventional pushbutton switch 26 is
used in lieu of magnetic reed switch 26 described with respect to
FIG. 1. Pushbutton switches, while considerably more subject to
failure due to mechanical wear and contact exposure to hostile
environments, may be used to advantage in high current applications
which are beyond the capability of presently available magnetic
reed switches. In a similar manner as described with respect to
FIG. 1, magnetic member 17 is mounted on arm 15. Arm 15 is in turn
mounted on socket 5 and is adapted to move bulb 6 axially left and
right under the influence on the magnetic field of and in response
to the left and right movement of magnet 20. In this embodiment,
however, pushbutton switch 26 is mounted adjacent the path of
movement of magnetic member 17. Magnetic member 17 is formed to
provide a downwardly projecting surface 27 which is caused to come
into contact with an upwardly directed actuating button 28
projecting from the upper surface of switch 26 as magnetic member
17 is moved leftward. Magnetic member 17 is of sufficient length to
maintain button 28 in a depressed or "on" condition for all
positions of bulb 6 except when magnetic member 17 is in its
leftmost position as shown. Switch 26 is otherwise electrically
connected to a source of power, such as batteries 4 and to socket 5
in a conventional manner.
In FIG. 5, there is shown a further and more economical embodiment
of the present invention which may be used to advantage in
environments in which electrical contact problems are minimal. As
shown, a sliding-contact switch assembly 36 is used in lieu of
magnetic reed switch 16 and pushbutton switch 26 described above
with respect to FIGS. 1 and 4, respectively. Switch 36 comprises a
fixed electrically conductive member 37 mounted to the interior
surface of housing 2. The left end of arm 15, on which magnetic
member 17 is mounted is extended somewhat and formed to provide an
upwardly directed contact 38 which will make electrical contact
with and slide along member 37 as magnetic member 17 is moved
leftward under the influence of the magnetic field of and in
response to the movement of magnet 20. In a conventional manner, a
source of power, such as batteries 4 is series coupled to socket 5
through switch 36. If housing 2 is made of electrically conductive
material, member 37 is mounted on housing 2 using insulating blocks
(not shown) and an insulating pad 39 is provided at the right end
of member 37. In its rightmost or "off" condition, contact 38 will
rest on pad 39 and will not be in electrical contact with member 37
and the source of power 4 will be decoupled from socket 5.
It is understood that while flanges 10, 11 are sufficient to
support and maintain the axial alignment of socket 5 and arm 15 in
many cases, the inclusion of additional support in any well-known
manner may be necessary in larger embodiments.
* * * * *