U.S. patent number 3,599,943 [Application Number 04/808,882] was granted by the patent office on 1971-08-17 for liquid and gas contact apparatus.
Invention is credited to Carl Georg Munters.
United States Patent |
3,599,943 |
Munters |
August 17, 1971 |
LIQUID AND GAS CONTACT APPARATUS
Abstract
Gas and liquid contact apparatus employing a contact fill
composed of layers having downwardly inclined folds or pleats
crossing one another and bearing against one another in adjacent
layers, the folds having vertical cuts near the lowermost edge
thereof or being cut off short of the adjacent layer edge so that
liquid flowing along the folds changes its direction of flow prior
to the liquid reaching the edge.
Inventors: |
Munters; Carl Georg (Stocksund,
SW) |
Family
ID: |
20264346 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/808,882 |
Filed: |
March 20, 1969 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Apr 4, 1968 [SW] |
|
|
4,506/68 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
261/95;
261/112.2 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F28C
1/04 (20130101); B01J 19/32 (20130101); F28F
25/087 (20130101); B01J 2219/3221 (20130101); B01J
2219/32213 (20130101); Y02B 30/70 (20130101); B01J
2219/32258 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B01J
19/32 (20060101); F28F 25/08 (20060101); F28F
25/00 (20060101); F28C 1/04 (20060101); F28C
1/00 (20060101); B01f 003/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;261/94--98,111,112 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Miles; Tim R.
Assistant Examiner: Markowitz; Steven H.
Claims
What I claim is:
1. A liquid and gas contact apparatus having at least one contact
fill housed in a casing and composed of layers with folds crossing
one another and bearing against one another in adjacent layers,
passageways extending from end to end formed between said layers
being passed simultaneously by the gas in a substantially
horizontal direction and by liquid in a substantially vertical
direction of flow, characterized in that those folds which have a
downward inclination towards the outlet side for the gas at a short
distance from the layer end edge are formed with cuts extending in
vertical direction in such a manner that liquid flowing down along
the folds changes its direction of flow at said cuts prior to said
liquid reaching said edge.
2. The contact fill of claim 1, characterized in that the layers,
the folds of which have an upward inclination towards an adjacent
layer edge, extend uninterrupted out to said edge.
3. The contact fill of claim 1, characterized in that the folds
having a downward inclination towards the inlet side for the gas at
a short distance from the layer end edge are formed with vertically
extending cuts.
4. The contact fill of claim 1, characterized in that the layers,
the folds of which have a downward inclination towards an adjacent
layer edge, are formed with at least one row of mutually spaced
slots for downward diversion of the water.
5. The contact fill as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that
the strips of the layers thus cut off are reunited with the contact
fill upon such a turning operation that their folds have an
upwardly directed inclination towards the edge in
consideration.
6. A liquid and gas contact apparatus having at least one contact
fill housed in a casing and composed of layers with folds crossing
one another and bearing against one another in adjacent layers,
passageways extending from end to end formed between said layers
being passed simultaneously by the gas in a substantially
horizontal direction and by liquid in a substantially vertical
direction of flow, characterized in that those folds which have a
downward inclination towards the outlet side for the gas are
entirely cut off in a vertical direction at a short distance from
the layer end edge.
Description
This invention relates to a liquid and gas contact apparatus.
More particularly this invention relates to a liquid and gas
contact apparatus of the type having a contact fill or insert
housed in a casing, which fill is composed of layers having folds
or pleats crossing one another and bearing against one another in
adjacent layers, passageways extending from end to end and formed
between said layers being passed simultaneously by the gas in a
substantially horizontal direction of flow and by the liquid in a
substantially vertical direction of flow.
One example of contact apparatus of the kind in consideration which
are operated according to the so-called crossflow principle are
cooling towers in which thus the air has a substantially horizontal
direction of flow through the passageways, the water passing
through the contact fill in substantially vertical direction.
Another field of application of the invention are moistening
apparatus which are intended to increase the moisture content of
the stream of air passing through the apparatus.
It is known in the prior art to provide at the air outlet side of
the contact fill separate screens composed of lamellae which are
pleated and bear against one another, the folds and the channels
formed by them extending with an upward inclination in the
direction of flow of the air. Thereby the lamellae at the outlet
side guide the air flow in an upward direction with such angle of
inclination and otherwise under such conditions that the outgoing
air is prevented from entraining water droplets from the interior
of the contact fill. Thus, the screens are intended to act as
so-called eliminators, which trap these droplets so as to cause
them to flow back towards the contact fill. A similar screen may be
applied to the air inlet side of the contact fill in the apparatus,
but it has then for its main object to prevent daylight from
penetrating into the interior of the contact body and thereby to
promote nondesired growth of algae or the like on the elements from
which the contact fill is built up. According to another proposal
emanating from the applicant the lamellae constitute a continuation
of, and are integral with, the layers of the fill preferably made
of a plastic material, and their folds.
One main object of the invention is to provide an improvement of
such contact fills, in particular from the viewpoint of
manufacture, when the layers are of less formable material such as
impregnated asbestos paper, the sheets with the eliminator at the
same time forming an independent unit. According to one main
feature of the invention the folds having a downward inclination at
the inlet side and if desired also at the outlet side at a short
distance from the edge of the layers are formed with cuts extending
in vertical direction in such a manner that liquid flowing down
along the folds changes its direction of flow at said cut prior to
the liquid reaching said edge.
Further objects and advantages of the invention will become
apparent from the following description considered in connection
with the accompanying drawings, which form part of this
specification, and of which:
FIG. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through a cooling tower
embodying the invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of a portion of a contact fill
forming part of said cooling tower.
FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view of a contact fill according to
a modified embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 denotes a casing of
substantially square shape with two opposite openings 12 into which
contact fills 14 are inserted. The casing 10 rests on legs 16 and
forms at its bottom a sump 18 the water level of which is
controlled by a float 20 and which has an outlet 21 controlled by a
valve 22 for the cooled water. Air is introduced through the
lateral openings 12 according to the arrows 24 into the contact
fills 14 and is sucked therefrom in an upward direction through a
central portion of the tower by a fan 26 driven by a motor 28 and
located in an outlet socket 30. Water is supplied to the contact
bodies 14 from above through pipes 32 at the underside of which
transverse longish troughs 34 formed with outlet holes and
extending along the rectangular front area of the fill may be
provided.
The contact fills 14 are composed of vertically positioned thin
layers or sheets 36, 38 (FIG. 2) which all of them preferably are
formed with pleats or undulations 40, 42 crossing one another in
adjacent layer in the inner main portion of a contact fill. The
layers may be constituted of paper of cellulose or asbestos
impregnated with a substance which by itself or in combination with
another substance gives to the paper required mechanical strength,
especially in wet condition. A suitable substance is a resin, such
a phenol-formaldehyde resin.
The pleats or folds 40 and 42, respectively, cross one another and
bear against one another so as to form between the sheets channels
or passageways with continuously varying width both in vertical and
in horizontal direction. This will result in that the gas or the
air will in the interior of the contact fill come into contact with
the water flowing from the top of the fill along the layers under
the most favorable flowing conditions to bring about a high yield
such as an effective cooling of the water.
The height of the pleats or folds and therewith the average spacing
between the layers may amount to 5-10 mm. and more, such as up to
20 mm. The layers 36, 38 of the contact fill may be united together
at the places of contact by means of a particular glue. In the
inner main portion of the layers these places of contact have the
form of points, since the folds 40, 42 cross one another. In the
embodiment shown the folds have relatively sharply bent ridges and
the intermediate portions between the ridges and the valley bottoms
are plane or slightly curved only. The folds may, however, also
have some other configuration such as that of a gentle sinus
line.
According to FIG. 2, those layers or sheets the folds or pleats of
which have a downward inclination in the direction 24 of the gas
flow are formed with one or several vertical rows of slots 46
located close to the vertical outlet edge 44 of the contact fill.
At the gas inlet edge 48 the folds of the same layer may, however,
be uninterrupted. In the same manner the intermediate layers 36 may
be provided with one or several vertical rows of slots 50 close to
the gas inlet edge 48. The individual slots 46 and 50,
respectively, extend suitably on both sides of the ridges or valley
bottoms of the folds or pleats.
In operation of a cooling tower the water supplied from above is
distributed over the layer surfaces at their folds 40, 42 crossing
one another, and flows downwards within the contact fill, while
meeting the air streaming in a horizontal main direction of flow.
Thereby the water is cooled by evaporation of a minor portion
thereof into the air. The cooled water is collected in the sump 18
and withdrawn through the pipe 21 to the place of utilization. When
the water at that place has been warmed up again it returns through
the conduit 32 to the top of the cooling tower.
Due to the slots or perforations 46 at the outlet side of the
contact fill water particles are effectively prevented from
becoming entrained out from the cooling tower by the gas stream. As
a matter of fact the downward inclination towards the outlet edge
44 of the folds 38 promotes a flow of water along said folds, but
when the water meets a slot 46 it will change its direction of flow
and instead stream downwards within the interior of the fill
proper. The same holds true with regard to the slots 50 in the
layers 38. The dimensions of the slots formed in the layers must be
chosen with due regard to actual surface tension forces which tend
to bridge over the open area of the slots. The slots 46 and 50,
respectively, in a pair of adjacent rows are formed on both sides
of the pleated layer so that all ridges and bottom valleys are cut
open by said slots.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the layers 38 the folds 42 of
which in the direction of the gas stream 24 are directed downwards
towards the outlet side 44, are cut off along a cutting line 52
located at a minor distance from the outlet edge 44. The portions
thus cut off form ribs 54 which are turned so that their folds 56
have an upward inclination in the direction of the gas stream
towards the air outlet edge 44. To ensure that these strips 54 the
folds 56 of which now become parallel to the folds 40 in the
adjacent layers 36 do not slide down into said folds, narrow thin
spacing ribbons 58 or similar elements may be interposed between
the strip 54 and at least one of the adjacent layers 36. The
ribbons 58 may be cemented together with the strip 54 or said layer
36 by means of some suitable binding agent. Also along the inlet
edge 48 the edge portions of the layers 38 may be cut off along a
line 59 and be replaced by strips 60 the folds of which in a
similar manner extend upwardly towards the edge 48. These strips
may be retained in position by means of spacing ribbons 62.
Water following the pleats or folds 42 and 40 in the downward
direction is prevented by the strips 54 and 60, respectively, to
flow out from the vertical edge of the contact fill. Instead, the
water flows downwards at the transition between the layers and the
strips, and as far as the water particles are entrained upwards on
the strips, the folds thereof create a counterforce which guides
the water back into the interior of the fill. The lateral
deviations of the water reach obviously a maximum value at the
outlet side of the contact fill for the gas stream where the folds
there have a downward inclination, since the flow components of the
water and the gas coincide here.
The strips 54 and 60, respectively, are housed within the outer
contour of the contact fill and form part of the coherent unit
formed by the layers 36, 38.
If the contact fill in a similar manner as in the embodiment shown
in FIG. 3, has separate strips 60 with inverted folds at the air
inlet side also, said strips also counteract penetration of sun
rays into the interior wetted portions of the fill, whereby algae
and similar micro-organisms are given unfavorable growing
conditions. In comparison to the known embodiment described at the
outset of this description the additional advantage is obtained
with the invention that any collection of water in the edge
portions with losses in pressure on the gas side resulting thereof
are eliminated totally.
In the embodiments shown the layers 36, 38 are of mutually
identical shape. The crossing of the inner folds or pleats 40, 42
is solely brought about by turning each second layer by 180.degree.
about a vertical central plane through the contact fills which
stand transversally to the plane of the drawing.
Especially in connection with moistening apparatus it is of great
importance that the layers are water absorbing which property is
obtained by impregnation with a phenol-aldehyde resin, for example.
In the edge portions where the slots 46, 50 and the strips 54 and
60, respectively, are located it is to the contrary advantageous
that the layers do not absorb water by capillary force because here
no cleaning by flushing with water will occur, so that a continuous
evaporation of water would result in precipitation of salts and
similar "minerals" carried along with the water which may gradually
clog the passageways between the layers. For this reason it is
advantageous to give these edge portions nonabsorbing or water
repelling properties by impregnation with a suitable agent such as
a solution of neoprene rubber.
The water supply to the contact fill may to advantage be conducted
intermittently, for example by filling troughs with water and
thereafter emptying the same more or less instantaneously.
While several more or less specific embodiments of the invention
have been shown and described, it is to be understood that this is
for purpose of illustration only, and that the invention is not to
be limited thereby, but its scope is to be determined by the
appended claims.
* * * * *