U.S. patent number 3,594,945 [Application Number 04/815,784] was granted by the patent office on 1971-07-27 for flying toy.
Invention is credited to Howard R. Turney.
United States Patent |
3,594,945 |
Turney |
July 27, 1971 |
FLYING TOY
Abstract
A manually projectable flying toy comprising an annulus the
cross section of which in any radial plane containing its axis is
that of an airfoil having a convex upper surface, the axial
thickness of the annulus varying uniformly circumferentially
thereof and being a maximum and a minimum at points 180.degree.
apart.
Inventors: |
Turney; Howard R. (Anaheim,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
25218812 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/815,784 |
Filed: |
April 14, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
446/48;
473/589 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63H
33/18 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63H
33/00 (20060101); A63H 33/18 (20060101); A63h
027/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;46/74
;273/100,106,105.4,126 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Mancene; Louis G.
Assistant Examiner: Weinhold; D. L.
Claims
I claim as my invention:
1. A flying device comprising an annulus the cross section of which
in any radial plane containing its axis is that of an airfoil
having a convex upper surface, the axial thickness of said annulus
varying uniformly circumferentially thereof between a maximum and a
minimum at points 180.degree. apart.
2. A flying device as defined in claim 1 wherein the lower surface
of said annulus is nonconvex.
3. A flying device according to claim 2 wherein said lower surface
is substantially flat.
4. A flying device as set forth in claim 3 wherein said lower
surface is provided therein with circumferentially spaced cavities
varying in volume with the thickness of said annulus.
5. A flying device according to claim 1 wherein said annulus is
made of a foamed material.
6. A flying device as defined in claim 1 wherein the width of said
annulus varies uniformly circumferentially thereof with said
uniformly circumferentially varying axial thickness.
Description
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
The present invention relates in general to flying devices and,
more particularly, to a device of the type which sails through the
air like a clay pigeon when projected or propelled with a scaling
motion. Still more specifically, the invention relates to a flying
device of this type as embodied in a toy adapted to be scaled
manually, and will be considered in such connection herein for
convenience, it being understood that the flying device of the
invention may be used for other purposes and may be propelled with
a scaling motion by suitable equipment other than manual.
SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF INVENTION
A primary object of the invention is to provide a flying device of
the foregoing nature which can be scaled manually very easily and
with no special manipulations. Consequently, the device can be
thrown manually with a scaling motion with no necessity for
developing any particular skill, thereby making the device suitable
for use as a toy by persons of all ages, including even young
children, which is an important feature.
Another object of the invention is to provide a scalable flying
device which, among other things, sails through the air with a
side-to-side motion, which can be caused to return to a point near
the thrower in boomeranglike fashion, and the like.
An important object of the invention is to provide a scalable
flying device of the foregoing nature comprising an annulus the
cross section of which in any radial plane containing its axis is
that of an airfoil having a convex upper surface. With this
construction, the device produces self-sustaining lift as it is
projected through the air with a scaling motion.
Another object is to provide a device wherein the axial thickness
of the annulus varies uniformly circumferentially thereof and is a
maximum and a minimum at points circumferentially spaced apart by
180.degree.. In other words, the annulus is axially thicker on one
side than it is on the other. This construction causes the device
to sail through the air with the side-to-side motion mentioned, and
also provides a boomerang effect.
Another object is to provide a scalable flying device comprising an
annulus having a lower surface which is preferably substantially
flat and which is provided with circumferentially spaced cavities
varying in volume with the thickness of the annulus. This
construction results in at least approximately balancing the weight
of the annulus circumferentially. In other words, it results in at
least approximately equalizing the weights of the various
circumferential portions of the annulus despite their differences
in thickness.
Another object is to provide a lightweight device wherein the
annulus is made of a low density, foamed material.
The foregoing objects, advantages, features and results of the
present invention, together with various other objects, advantages,
features and results thereof which will be evident to those skilled
in the scalable flying device art in the light of this disclosure,
may be achieved with the exemplary embodiment of the invention
described in detail hereinafter and illustrated in the accompanying
drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a scalable flying toy which embodies
the invention;
FIG. 2 is a bottom plan view of the toy of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged side or edge elevational view taken as
indicated by the arrowed line 3-3 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged, fragmentary sectional view taken as
indicated by the arrowed line 4-4 of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view suggesting the side-to-side motion
which the scalable flying toy of the invention undergoes when
thrown.
DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT OF INVENTION
Referring to the drawing, the scalable flying toy of the invention
is designated generally by the numeral 10 and comprises an annulus
12 the cross section of which in any radial plane containing its
axis is that of an airfoil, as best shown in FIG. 4. (Actually, for
a reason which will become apparent the annulus 12 has two closely
spaced axes 14 and 16, FIG. 1. The cross section of the annulus 12
is that of an airfoil in any radial plane containing and extending
outwardly from either of these axes.)
As is typical of any airfoil, the upper surface 18 of the annulus
12 is convex to develop lift in response to relative movement of
the surface 18 and the air. The lower surface 20 is shown as
nonconvex and is preferably substantially flat.
The axial thickness of the annulus 12 varies uniformly
circumferentially thereof between a maximum and a minimum at points
22 and 24, respectively, 180.degree. apart. Preferably, the minimum
thickness is between about 60 percent and 80 percent of the maximum
thickness. Correspondingly, the inner and outer circumferences of
the annulus 12 are slightly eccentric relative to each other to
make the width of the annulus vary uniformly circumferentially
thereof directly with the uniformly circumferentially varying axial
thickness. Thus, as shown in FIG. 3, the maximum width 26 occurs at
the point 22 of maximum thickness and the minimum width 28
coincides with the point 24 of minimum thickness. Because of this,
the axis 14 of the inner circumference of the annulus 12 is
displaced slightly from the axis 16 of the outer circumference in
the direction of the point 24 of minimum thickness.
To achieve at least an approximate circumferential weight balance,
i.e., to at least approximately offset the circumferential weight
variation resulting from the circumferential thickness and width
variations, the lower surface 20 is provided therein with
circumferentially spaced cavities 30 uniformly varying in volume,
circumferentially of the annulus 12, with the thickness and width
of the annulus. Thus, as shown in FIG. 3, the largest cavity occurs
at the point 22 of maximum thickness and maximum width, while the
smallest cavity 30 occurs at the point 24 of minimum thickness and
width.
With the foregoing construction, when the device 10 is thrown
manually, or otherwise, with a scaling motion, it flies with a
side-to-side movement, as suggested by the arrowed broken line 32
in FIG. 5, and, eventually, returns to the general vicinity of the
thrower in a boomeranglike manner. I have not been able to
determine precisely why the toy 10 flies with the side-to-side
motion depicted by the line 32, but this is presumably due to one
or more of such factors as the differential lift between the thick
and thin airfoil sections of the annulus 12, the spoiling effect of
the leading edge of the annulus on the trailing edge thereof, which
spoiling effect varies as the device rotates because of the varying
thickness and width of the annulus, and the like. Similar factors
or combinations of factors may be involved in the tendency of the
device to boomerang. In this connection, I have found that the
device 10 will not boomerang, or at least will not boomerang
satisfactorily, without the circumferential thickness variation
hereinbefore discussed.
Although various materials may be used for the annulus 12, a low
density material is preferably so that the device 10 will fly with
more of a sailing mode of operation. I have found that an excellent
material for the annulus 12 is foamed polystyrene formed at a
pressure of 9 p.s.i., which provides a satisfactorily low
density.
Although an exemplary embodiment of the invention has been
disclosed herein for purposes of illustration it will be understood
that various minor changes, modifications, and substitutions may be
incorporated in such embodiment.
* * * * *