U.S. patent number 3,594,522 [Application Number 04/844,349] was granted by the patent office on 1971-07-20 for elastic diaphragm switch.
This patent grant is currently assigned to International Business Machines Corporation. Invention is credited to Donald F. Colglazier, Myron E. Snesrud.
United States Patent |
3,594,522 |
Colglazier , et al. |
July 20, 1971 |
ELASTIC DIAPHRAGM SWITCH
Abstract
An elastic diaphragm switch has a diaphragm assembly formed as
an airtight interface between a substantially rigid substrate
material and a diaphragm of highly flexible film to which is
adhered a copper conductive pattern designed to withstand large
deflections without fatigue. This is accomplished by an extended
length conductor such as a spiral conductor path extending from the
diaphragm supported contact to a stationary conductor. Thus the
diaphragm switch may be formed of a single thin film and activated
by very low-pressure levels.
Inventors: |
Colglazier; Donald F.
(Rochester, MN), Snesrud; Myron E. (Rochester, MN) |
Assignee: |
International Business Machines
Corporation (Armonk, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
25292475 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/844,349 |
Filed: |
July 24, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
200/83B; 200/515;
200/83N |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01H
13/785 (20130101); H01H 13/702 (20130101); H01H
2203/05 (20130101); H01H 2201/03 (20130101); H01H
2209/006 (20130101); H01H 2229/044 (20130101); H01H
2213/002 (20130101); H01H 2221/02 (20130101); H01H
2207/012 (20130101); H01H 2203/022 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01H
13/70 (20060101); H01H 13/702 (20060101); H01l
035/34 () |
Field of
Search: |
;200/83,83.2,83.8,159B |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Schaefer; Robert K.
Assistant Examiner: Smith; William J.
Claims
What we claim is:
1. A diaphragm switch assembly comprising:
a first contact carried by a substantially rigid insulating support
element;
a diaphragm assembly including a flexible, electrically insulating
diaphragm, supported in spaced relation to said support
element;
a second contact carried by said diaphragm and aligned with said
first contact;
a conductive lead adhered to the surface of said diaphragm which
connects to said second contact and extends therefrom by an
indirect route along at least a portion of the surface of said
diaphragm subject to operational flexing; and
means for selectively varying the fluid pressure at one side of
said diaphragm assembly second contact carrying portion to
selectively engage and disengage said first and second
contacts.
2. The diaphragm switch assembly of claim 1 wherein said diaphragm
comprises an elastic film and said conductive lead comprises a
metal surface portion plated on said elastic film.
3. The diaphragm switch assembly of claim 2 wherein said conductive
lead is disposed in a substantially spiral configuration from said
second contact along the said diaphragm surface subject to
flexure.
4. The fluid-actuated switch of claim 3 wherein said lead extends
from a stationary location to the diaphragm carried contact at an
angle to the direction of diaphragm material elongation approaching
perpendicular.
5. The diaphragm switch assembly of claim 2 wherein said elastic
diaphragm material overlies a substantially rigid member;
with an adhesive bond between said diaphragm and said member
defining a closed fluidtight nonadhering interface therebetween;
and
passage means through said member communicating with said
fluidtight interface,
said lead extending in a generally spiral path from said contact
across the boundary between said adhesively bonded and
nonadhesively bonded interfaces.
6. The diaphragm switch assembly of claim 2 further comprising:
a substantially rigid nonconductive board member;
a nonstick material applied to discrete areas of one major surface
of said board,
said diaphragm material overlying said one major surface of said
board and selectively adhered to said board at least in area
portions margining said discrete area to form a fluidtight
interface between said board and diaphragm material; and
passage means formed in said board member communicating with each
of said fluidtight interfaces.
7. The diaphragm switch assembly of claim 6 wherein said electrical
contact is adhered to said diaphragm material on the nonadhered
surface centrally of said fluidtight interface and said conductive
lead extends substantially spirally from said electrical contact
across the boundary of said fluidtight interface.
8. A diaphragm switch assembly comprising:
a stationary first electrical contact;
a thin film elastic diaphragm;
a second electrical contact carried by said diaphragm in spaced
confronting relation with respect to said first contact;
an elongated conductor adhered to the surface of said diaphragm and
extending from said second electrical contact by an indirect route
along the surface of said diaphragm and
means for varying the fluid pressure at one side of said diaphragm
to cause deflection thereof to move said second contact into and
out of engagement with said first contact.
9. The diaphragm switch assembly of claim 8 wherein said second
contact and said elongated conductor comprises a conductive pattern
adhered to said diaphragm and said conductor extends from said
second contact in a generally spiral path.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention pertains to elastic diaphragm switches and more
particularly to low-pressure fluid-actuated diaphragm switches.
Elastic diaphragm switches have commonly been made by adhering a
layer of conductive material to a flexible substrate such as
polyester film with an overlying coversheet of elastic material to
further resist abrasion or permanent deformation. Multiple layers
of deformable materials and the impairment of the flexibility
caused by the presence of conductors increases the necessary
operating pressures required and limits the density of switches
that may be placed in a given space. Further the fatigue of
conductors induced by the flexing action limited the effective life
of the individual switches.
This invention is directed to an elastic diaphragm switch utilizing
a thin film of highly flexible material formed as an airtight
diaphragm. The diaphragm is deflected through such distances as
0.012 inch rather than the more typical 0.002 inch using the less
flexible substrate materials such as previously utilized. To
accommodate the increased deflections without fatigue, the copper
conductive pattern extending from the diaphragm carried contact to
a stationary lead extends in a helical pattern to thereby approach
a disposition perpendicular to the radial elongation of the
diaphragm material and reduce the conductor flexure per unit length
to minimize the fatigue load to which the conductor is subjected.
This simultaneously reduces the impairment of diaphragm flexibility
caused by the adhered conductive material.
The diaphragm switch made in accordance with the present invention
is high speed and economical. Using thin film polymer plastics, it
has been possible to achieve response rates of 2,000 cycles per
second using a 0.005 inch gap. Further, with diaphragm assembly
packaging densities such as 16 per square inch, the structure can
be readily fabricated at low cost by automated paging or sheeting
techniques. Also, the low masses involved in the structure cause
the device to be virtually shockproof.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an enlarged elevation view of a document punching and
verification device utilizing the elastic diaphragm switch
construction of this invention.
FIG. 2 is a section view taken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the elastic diaphragm switch housing
including the stationary contact circuit board which is an insert
in the molded housing.
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of the stationary contact circuit board
showing the major surface opposite that visible in FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the diaphragm and substrate
assembly.
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary view of the elastic diaphragm material
showing the conductor pattern extending from the stationary
diaphragm portion to the movable contact.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged partial section of the diaphragm assembly
including the rigid substrate and flexible membrane.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 in an enlarged view, the elastic
diaphragm switch assembly 10 is shown as a punch checking or
verifying device for a parallel punch where a card passing in
parallel, row by row through the punch station along the card guide
surface 12 has rows of information punched therein. Two rows
subsequent to the punching operation, the card is read to verify
the information entered. For each punch element 13 there is a
corresponding read position where a jet of air supplied through an
orifice 14 is received by a passageway 15 whenever an unpunched
card surface is not present to act as a valve. When the aligned
orifice 14 delivers air to the passageway 15, the elevated pressure
applied at the terminal end of such passage causes the diaphragm 18
extending over a fluidtight circular interface with the board 19 to
be flexed outward therefrom bringing into engagement the aligned
contacts carried by the diaphragm 18 and the stationary circuit
board 20.
The switch assembly 10 in the environment shown has normally closed
contacts as the passages 15 are subjected to airflow from the
respectively aligned orifices 14. However, a punched card guided
along surface 12 and passing through the read-verify station serves
as a valve intermediate the orifices and aligned passageways.
Accordingly, the logic circuits associated with the device which
are activated when a card is present would find the matrix to
consist of normally open switches and through the read timing
circuit sense when a punched hole has permitted the associated
diaphragm switch contacts to be closed.
The elastic diaphragm switch assembly 10 includes a molded housing
21 which has a circuit board 20 held captive as an insert and a
diaphragm assembly 23 which is received by the housing in abutting
relation with shoulder 25 and is aligned by the surrounding wall
surface 26.
The circuit board 20 is also shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. As seen in
FIG. 4 the epoxy circuit board has a series of terminals 28
individually connected to contacts 29 which are plated through
apertures 30 (shown in FIG. 2) in the circuit board to the enlarged
contact surfaces 31 on the opposite surface that are disposed
within the housing as seen in FIG. 3. The extended surface contacts
31 provide the stationary contacts of the elastic diaphragm switch
assembly.
The diaphragm assembly 23, as shown exploded in FIG. 5, is
fabricated starting with epoxy board 19 which is provided with a
series of apertures 35. Surrounding each of the apertures is a
coating 36 of nonstick material, such as a flurocarbon in a carrier
which does not adhere to the diaphragm material, applied in a
circular pattern radially outward from each of the apertures. This
nonstick material is selected to prevent adhesion between the
circuit board and the subsequently applied overlying elastic film.
The remaining surface 37 is coated with an adhesive. Over the
surface which has thus been selectively coated with nonstick
material and adhesive, a film 38 of highly flexible material is
applied which carries a conductive layer on the exposed surface.
The conductive material is thereafter etched to form an extended
helical conductor path 40 from the stationary conductor portion 41
disposed on the film portion adhered to the board and across the
boundary 43 between adhered and nonadhered interfaces to the
central contact 42 overlying the nonadhered interface. In the
assembled condition the common circuit 40 printed on the diaphragm
38 is connected to a terminal on circuit board 20 by a conductor 39
which extends along the interface between gasket 48 and diaphragm
assembly 23 and between mounting plate 45 and housing 21. As seen
in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, when fluid pressure is applied through an
aperture 35 to the otherwise airtight circular interface between
board 34 and diaphragm 38, the diaphragm flexes progressively from
the adhesively bonded margin to the center which carries the
contact 42 to correspondingly progressively flex the connecting
conductor 40 thereby permitting substantial deflection of the
diaphragm carried contact without a localized fatigue being
sustained by the conductor. Both the flexibility of the diaphragm
material and the minimum of constraint imposed by the conductor
pattern permit actuation of the diaphragm by fluids subjected to
very low pressure.
Diaphragm assembly 23 is shown in enlarged form. In the specific
device illustrated the major dimensions of the diaphragm assembly
are 1 inch by one-half inch which yields a packaging density within
the matrix of 16 switches per square inch. The diaphragm 38 is a
0.001 inch polymer film carrying a circuit of 1/2 ounce copper
which is gold plated. In the assembled condition there exists a
spacing between diaphragm assembly 23 and circuit board 20 of 0.005
inch. The switches are actuated by air delivered from the aligned
orifice 14 at a pressure of 1 pound per square inch.
The elastic diaphragm is shown in an assembled section view in FIG.
2 with passageways 15 leading to the diaphragm chambers formed in
mounting plate 45 and completed by a closure member 46. Continuity
of the passageway between mounting plate and board apertures and
the separation of individual passages therebetween is maintained by
the flexible gasket 48 having a series of aligned openings 49. The
individual elastic diaphragm switch assemblies are secured to the
mounting plate by straps 50 which margin each transverse side.
Conductors 52 leading from the circuit board terminals are clamped
between housing flange 53 and a pressure block 54 to afford strain
relief.
The nonadhered circular diaphragm portions of the switch assembly
deflect within the space defined by the circuit board 20, diaphragm
assembly 23 and housing 21. To prevent the compression of air
within this confined spaced from interfering with the proper
operation of the switches an extended volume is achieved by the
central opening 55 in the circuit board 20 and housing 21 which
communicate freely with the space bounded by the housing 21 and
closure plate 57.
* * * * *