U.S. patent number 3,591,079 [Application Number 04/880,112] was granted by the patent office on 1971-07-06 for heating system and heat generating pump.
This patent grant is currently assigned to General Motors Corporation. Invention is credited to Theodore F. Peters.
United States Patent |
3,591,079 |
Peters |
July 6, 1971 |
HEATING SYSTEM AND HEAT GENERATING PUMP
Abstract
Heating system for heating the interior of a vehicle in which an
engine driven fluid pump circulates fluid through the vehicle
engine, the heater core and the engine radiator. The pump has a
thermally responsive bellows that moves a blocker plate to a
retracted position under predetermined temperature conditions
exposing a stator to the fluid flow path so that the temperature of
the fluid is increased by turbulent fluid friction and by the
friction between stator blades and the fluid. As the fluid attains
a predetermined thermal energy level, the bellows expands to move
the blocker plate to a fluid-blocking position so that the stator
is out of the flow path and fluid friction is decreased thereby
enabling the pump to operate at its highest efficiency.
Inventors: |
Peters; Theodore F. (Utica,
MI) |
Assignee: |
General Motors Corporation
(Detroit, MI)
|
Family
ID: |
25375539 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/880,112 |
Filed: |
November 26, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
237/8A;
123/142.5R; 237/12.3B; 415/12 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B60H
1/038 (20130101); F24V 40/00 (20180501) |
Current International
Class: |
B60H
1/03 (20060101); B60H 1/02 (20060101); F24J
3/00 (20060101); B60h 001/08 (); F02n 017/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;237/2,8 ;415/12
;123/142.5 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Michael; Edward J.
Claims
What I claim is:
1. A fluid pump comprising a housing having fluid inlet means and
fluid outlet means, rotor means rotatably mounted in said housing
for pumping said fluid in a flow path from said fluid inlet means
to said fluid outlet means, drive means operatively connected to
said rotor means for rotating said rotor means, stator means
operatively disposed in said housing in said flow path so that
fluid friction effects an increase in the thermal energy of the
fluid pumped to said outlet, and operator means responsive to the
attainment of a predetermined thermal energy level of said fluid
for removing said stator from the fluid flow path thereby
permitting said pump to operate without power absorption from said
stator.
2. A fluid pump for pumping and heating fluid comprising a housing,
a rotatable impeller mounted in said housing for imparting pressure
and kinetic energy to the fluid to pump said fluid from said inlet
through said outlet, a plurality of fixed fins disposed in said
housing for frictionally contacting said fluid to effect fluid
turbulence and an increase in the temperature of said fluid as said
fluid is pumped by said impeller, and fluid blocking means movably
mounted in said housing and movable from a position in which said
fins are fully exposed to the fluid pumped by said impeller to a
blocking position in which said blocking means covers the major
portion of said fins to reduce power absorption by said fins.
3. A fluid pump comprising a housing having an inlet and an outlet,
a bladed impeller for pumping fluid from said inlet through said
outlet, a stator having a plurality of fins fixed to the interior
of said housing and facing said impeller, a blocker plate having a
plurality of recesses formed therein for receiving the fins of said
stator and for mounting said plate for axial sliding movement on
said fins, temperature responsive operator means secured to the
interior of said housing and to one side of said plate for moving
said plate between a fluid blocking position adjacent to said
impeller and a retracted position spaced from said impeller whereby
said fins are fully exposed to said fluid so that the thermal
energy thereof is increased by fluid friction in response to
rotation of said impeller.
4. A pump for pumping and heating a liquid comprising a housing,
liquid inlet and outlet means, an impeller mounted for rotation in
said housing for imparting pressure and kinetic energy to the
liquid pumped from said inlet through said outlet means, said
impeller having an annular head portion with a plurality of radial
fins thereon and having a drive shaft extending to the exterior of
said housing, drive means secured to said drive shaft for turning
said impeller, stator means fixed in said housing for effecting
fluid turbulence and absorbing power as said liquid is being
pumped, said stator means having a plurality of radial fins
circularly disposed in said housing adjacent to said fins on said
impeller, blocker plate means having a plurality of radial slots
which match and slidingly fit said fins of said stator, and
thermally responsive bellows means secured in said housing and to
said blocker plate to move said blocker plate between a position in
which said stator is in the path of liquid being pumped from said
inlet to said outlet to increase liquid friction and the
temperature of said liquid and a position in which said stator
means is substantially blocked from the path of said liquid so that
said impeller pumps liquid without substantial power absorption by
said stator.
5. A heating system for a vehicle comprising an engine having a
fluid coolant passage therethrough, a fluid pump driven by said
engine having fluid intake means and fluid outlet means, a heater
core, first fluid conducting means operatively connecting said
outlet means to the coolant passage of said engine, second fluid
conducting means operatively connecting said coolant passage of
said engine to said heater core, third fluid conducting means for
operatively connecting said heater core to said fluid intake means
so that said pump can circulate a fluid through said engine and
said heater core, said pump having a rotatable impeller and having
a stator movable into and out of the flow path of the fluid
circulated by said pump, and temperature responsive actuator means
for exposing said stator to said flow path under predetermined
fluid temperature conditions to create fluid turbulence and
friction so that said pump will function as a pump and fluid heater
and to effectively remove said stator from said flow path under
higher predetermined fluid temperature conditions so that said pump
will operate only as a fluid pump.
6. The system defined in claim 5 and further including a radiator
having a fluid passageway therethrough, fourth fluid conducting
means operatively connecting the coolant passage of said engine to
said radiator, fifth fluid conducting means operatively connecting
said radiator to said fluid intake means of said pump so that said
pump can circulate from said engine to said radiator, a temperature
controlled valve means operatively disposed in said fourth fluid
conducting means for blocking flow from said engine to said
radiator under predetermined low temperature of said fluid and for
allowing flow from said engine to said radiator under predetermined
higher temperatures of said fluid, and bypass means connecting said
coolant passage of said engine and said intake means of said pump
to permit fluid flow directly from said engine into said fluid
intake means of said pump.
Description
This invention relates to a fluid pump for a heating system
incorporating a special stator in the pump which is disposed in the
fluid flow path under predetermined temperature conditions to
effect fluid turbulence and an increase in fluid temperature; under
other predetermined temperature conditions the stator is out of the
fluid flow path to increase pump operating efficiency.
It is often desirable to have the fluid circulated by a pump to
attain a substantial rise in temperature as soon as possible. In
automotive application, for example, a quick temperature rise of
the fluid circulated to the heater core is often needed when it is
cold and uncomfortable to provide for rapid defrosting of the
windshield and for quick warmup of the vehicle's interior improving
occupant comfort.
Although present heating systems for automobiles are adequate for
heating and defrosting purposes, they often do not function as
rapidly as desired. Quick warmup systems prior to the present
invention have met with only limited success and acceptance. The
use of electric heater elements in the coolant system, for example,
creates an undesirable drain on the battery. Systems for storage of
heated fluids in special reservoirs utilizing improved insulations
have not been widely employed because of space limitations and
relatively high costs.
The present invention concerns a fluid pump for a heating system
which provides for the rapid rise of the temperature of the
circulated fluid and is readily adaptable for vehicular as well as
other uses. The pump of this invention requires few components and
is highly compact to meet the space requirements for installation
on a vehicle engine.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention the pump housing has
stationary fins formed therein which are exposed to the fluid being
pumped under predetermined conditions so that the fluid friction
effects a rapid increase of the temperature of the circulated
fluid. As the fluid becomes sufficiently heated beyond
predetermined temperatures, temperature-responsive operator means
position a baffle member over the stationary fins to block quantity
fluid flow to these fins and thereby reduces fluid friction so that
the pump can subsequently operate more efficiently. In the
preferred embodiment a thermal bellows operates to position the
baffle plate to an inactive or to a blocking position in response
to temperature conditions of the circulated fluid.
An object of this invention is to provide a new and improved fluid
pump which has heat generating fins exposed to the fluid under
certain conditions of pump operation to cause turbulent fluid
friction so that the fluid temperature increases and which has a
blocker plate moved to a fluid blocking position by
temperature-responsive means after predetermined elevated
temperatures have been obtained to thereby increase pump
efficiency.
Another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved
heat generating pump having an impeller which circulates fluid
within a pump housing to an outlet side of the pump through stator
means which causes fluid turbulence and friction resulting in a
substantial temperature rise as the pump is operating; after
predetermined fluid temperatures have been obtained, a fluid
blocker plate is moved into position to block the stator from the
flow path so that it cannot convert power into heat while the fluid
is being pumped thereby permitting the pump to subsequently operate
without power absorption by the stator.
Another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved
heating system comprising a fluid pump hydraulically connected to a
heater core in which the pump has an impeller which pumps system
fluid against a stator when the fluid is below a predetermined
temperature to thereby increase the temperature of the fluid and
function as a pump and heater and in which the stator is
substantially removed from the flow path when the fluid reaches a
predetermined temperature to permit the pump to operate only as a
pump and to operate with greater efficiency.
Another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved
heating system for vehicles in which an engine-driven fluid pump is
provided with a stator exposed to the fluid being pumped to
generate fluid turbulence and thereby heat the fluid circulated to
the vehicle engine and to the heater core disposed in the interior
of a vehicle; as the temperature of the circulated fluid rises, a
thermally responsive operator mechanism gradually removes the
stator from the fluid circuit so that turbulence is decreased
thereby increasing pump efficiency; after the fluid circulated by
the pump reaches a predetermined temperature, a thermostatically
controlled valve opens to permit fluid to flow from the engine
block into the radiator and back into the intake of the pump.
These and other objects of the invention will become more apparent
from the following detailed description and drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a fluid pump constructed in
accordance with the invention.
FIG. 2 is a view taken generally along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a vehicle engine and heating system
for a vehicle.
As shown in FIG. 3 there is a heating system 10 for heating the
interior of a vehicle. The system includes a centrifugal fluid pump
12 which draws the fluid from a radiator 14 through hose 15 and
pumps it into the water jacket and in the cylinder head of an
internal combustion engine 18. From the cylinder head the fluid
flows into a heater core 20 through a hose 22 and from the heater
core back into the pump through a hose 24. Also the fluid flows
from the cylinder head to the radiator 14 through a passage
provided by a housing 26 and a hose 28. There is a thermostat 30 in
housing 26 which is closed at predetermined low temperatures to
block flow through the radiator so that circulation is from the
pump through the water jacket back through a bypass 32 leading into
the intake of the pump 12 and also from the pump through the heater
core and back into the pump as described above. This enables the
engine to raise the temperature in the heater system in a shorter
time period as compared to a similar system without a
thermostat.
The pump 12 of this invention further reduces the warmup time for
the fluid. FIGS. 1 and 2 show details of this pump which has a
tiered and generally cylindrical housing 40 that is formed with an
outwardly extending flange 42 seated in fluid sealing contact with
a bottom plate 44 of a pump cover 45. The pump housing is secured
to the bottom plate and to the engine 18 by bolts 46 which are
threaded into an embossed portion 47 of the engine block.
The pump cover 45 has an outer wall 48 which is spaced from the
bottom plate 44 to provide an annular fluid intake chamber 50
connected to a fluid conducting pipe 52. Pipe 52 terminates in a
suction port 53 formed at one side of the pump connected to
radiator hose 15. As shown, chamber 50 communicates with the
interior of the housing by ports 54 formed in the bottom plate 44.
A fluid circulating impeller 56 is rotatably mounted in the housing
by a cylindrical drive shaft 58 rotatably journaled in a bearing
collar 60 in the pump cover 45. The impeller has an annular plate
62 integral with shaft 58 in which there are formed a series of
openings 64 which permit the fluid to flow in from the suction port
53 and chamber 50 into the interior of the housing. The plate 62 of
the impeller has projecting radial fins 66 which pump the fluid
from the interior of the housing out of the fluid outlet passage 68
formed in the housing as shown best by FIG. 2. This outlet passage
is hydraulically connected by a suitable passage, not shown, to the
engine water jacket.
Also in the housing there are fixed, inwardly extending radial fins
70 which project from an upper part of the housing as shown in FIG.
1. Mounted for axial movement on these fins is an annular blocker
plate 74 having slots 76 cut therein which accommodate the fins 70
that serve as guides for raising and lowering the blocker plate in
the housing between the fill line and the phantom line positions.
The positioning of the blocker plate is accomplished by an
expanding and contracting thermal bellows 78, which has one end
plate 80 connected to the inside housing 40 and an opposite end
plate 82 connected to the blocker plate. The bellows preferably has
a corrugated cylindrical wall of metal such as brass and has a
suitable quantity of thermally expansible liquid or gas sealed
therein. Fluid can enter in the part of the housing containing the
bellows around the outer edge of the blocker plate and through the
clearance between the fins 70 and slots 76 so that the bellows can
readily sense the temperature of the fluid.
The bellows will expand when the temperature is higher than a
predetermined temperature to move the plate and hold it in the
phantom line position of FIG. 1. In the phantom line position the
blocker plate closes off the portion of the housing containing fins
70 and prevents the impeller from pumping the fluid into the
stationary radial fins 70. Under these conditions the pump will act
as a highly efficient centrifugal pump. When the fluid is
sufficiently cool, the thermal bellows moves the blocker plate to
the full line position whereby the fixed radial fins 70 are
exposed. A pulley 86 for driving the impeller is fixed to the
impeller shaft 58 and is driven by the engine through belt 88.
Fluid conducting pipe 90 in the pump cover communicates with
chamber 50 and has a suction port 92 for connection with hose 24
from heater core 20. The pump cover also has an intake pipe as
illustrated in FIG. 3 connected to bypass 32.
Assuming that the engine is started and the temperature of the
fluid in the water jacket and radiator is 0.degree. F. and that
opening temperature for the thermostat is 185.degree. F., the
thermal bellows has contracted and moved the blocking plate 74 to
the solid line position in FIG. 1 thereby exposing the fixed fins
70. The pump takes in fluid from port 92 and from the bypass 32,
and large quantities of this fluid are propelled against the fixed
fins causing fluid turbulence and frictional drag between fluid
layers of different velocities. This turbulent fluid friction plus
the friction between the fins and the fluid causes a temperature
rise of the fluid which is additive to that caused by the heat of
the engine. When the fluid reaches a predetermined temperature,
185.degree. F., for example, the thermal bellows will have expanded
completely to move the blocker plate to the fluid-blocking position
shown in phantom lines in FIG. 1. Under these conditions the
centrifugal pump pumps the fluid from the suction ports directly to
the output with its greatest efficiency with minimal friction loss
since it is not pumping against the fixed fins. Also at 185.degree.
F. the thermostat opens and fluid flows through the radiator as
previously described.
As an example of the advancement in the art of my invention, it was
found that a conventional eight-cylinder engine operating at cold
idle without auxiliary heat producing means required 7 minutes to
raise the fluid coolant temperature from 0.degree. F. to
185.degree. F.; under the same conditions utilizing my invention,
only slightly over 3 minutes were required to raise the temperature
from 0.degree. F. to 185.degree. F.
From the above it will be appreciated that this invention provides
important advantages in that the pump raises fluid temperatures
when they are needed. Furthermore, the stator mechanism for raising
the temperature of the fluid is effectively blocked after
predetermined fluid temperatures have been reached so that it will
not absorb power to thereby allow the pump to subsequently operate
at its highest efficiency.
Although a preferred embodiment of this invention has been shown
and described, it is clear that other embodiments will become
apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, this invention
is limited to the claims which follow:
* * * * *