U.S. patent number 3,586,756 [Application Number 04/820,587] was granted by the patent office on 1971-06-22 for electrical cable with protective coating or shielding tape.
This patent grant is currently assigned to General Cable Corporation. Invention is credited to Oscar G. Garner, Ludwik Jachimowicz, Joseph B. Masterson.
United States Patent |
3,586,756 |
Garner , et al. |
June 22, 1971 |
ELECTRICAL CABLE WITH PROTECTIVE COATING OR SHIELDING TAPE
Abstract
In order to obtain the tenacious adherence of polyethylene
copolymer without the cost of the copolymer, this cable has
polyethylene protection on the metal foil of the shielding layer
with the polyethylene a homopolymer throughout a substantial part
of its thickness and changing to copolymer characteristics adjacent
to the face of the foil.
Inventors: |
Garner; Oscar G. (Riverside,
CT), Jachimowicz; Ludwik (Elizabeth, NJ), Masterson;
Joseph B. (Carteret, NJ) |
Assignee: |
General Cable Corporation (New
York, NY)
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Family
ID: |
25231227 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/820,587 |
Filed: |
April 30, 1969 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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627082 |
Mar 30, 1967 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
174/107; 156/53;
174/110PM; 428/332; 428/335; 428/337; 428/461; 174/36; 428/129;
428/334; 428/336 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01B
7/2806 (20130101); H01B 11/1016 (20130101); H01B
3/441 (20130101); H01B 7/2825 (20130101); Y10T
428/26 (20150115); Y10T 428/265 (20150115); Y10T
428/264 (20150115); Y10T 428/266 (20150115); Y10T
428/263 (20150115); Y10T 428/31692 (20150401); Y10T
428/24256 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
H01B
7/28 (20060101); H01B 11/02 (20060101); H01B
3/44 (20060101); H01B 7/17 (20060101); H01B
7/282 (20060101); H01B 11/10 (20060101); H01b
007/28 () |
Field of
Search: |
;174/36,102--110
;156/47,53 ;117/233,161 ;161/214,216 ;29/624 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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272,376 |
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Nov 1965 |
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AU |
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6,410,915 |
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Sep 1964 |
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NL |
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Primary Examiner: Myers; Lewis H.
Assistant Examiner: Grimley; A. J.
Parent Case Text
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention is a continuation of application Ser. No. 627,082,
filed Mar. 30, 1967, with parts of the parent application omitted.
Claims
We claim:
1. In an electrical cable of the type having a core including a
conductor and polyolefin electrical insulation around the
conductor, a shield around the insulation, and an outer jacket
surrounding the shield, the improvement which comprises the shield
including a metal strip with corrosion protective polyolefin
coating on the outside of the strip, and which is in addition to
the jacket surrounding the shielding, said jacket being a
polyolefin extrusion in contact with the coating on the shield, the
coating being a mass of the same polyolefin for the full thickness
thereof with no internal physical boundaries and with resulting
mechanical and chemical radial continuity of the coating from the
metal outwardly, the inner part of the coating in contact with the
metal being a polymer having carboxyl groups dispersed therein for
obtaining strong adherence to the metal and the part of the coating
outward from the metal strip being of the same material as the
inner part but without the carboxyl groups whereby it will not bond
to the metal of the strip or to the jacket as effectively as the
inner part of the coating, the reactive groups being concentrated
in the part of the coating that contacts with the strip and
decreasing as the coating extends radially away from the strip.
2. The combination described in claim 1 characterized by the
polyolefin being polyethylene and being polar because of the
reactive carboxyl groups, and the polyolefin of the outer part of
the coating also being polyethylene containing substantially no
carboxyl groups and being nonpolar, the outer part of the coating
completely covering the inner part whereby the polar polyethylene
is protected from reaction with metal salts in ground water which
contacts with the outside surface of the coating on the cable
shield, and the outer part and inner part of the coating merging
into one another the carboxyl groups distributed through the
polyethylene of the inner part of the coating giving said inner
part polar characteristics for obtaining tenacious adherence to the
metal.
3. The combination described in claim 2 characterized by the metal
strip being an aluminum tape having corrosion protective coating on
both sides, the coating on at least the outside of the tape being
the coating described in claim 1.
4. The combination described in claim 1 characterized by the outer
part of the coating being a high molecular weight polyethylene
homopolymer, and the inner part of the coating being polar
polyethylene with reactive carboxyl groups.
5. The combination described in claim 1 characterized by the strip
extending around the circumference of the core and having a
longitudinal seam with opposite edge portions of the strip in
contact with one another at the seam, and corrosion protecting
coating on the contacting opposite edge portions of the strip
bonded to one another to close the seam.
6. The combination described in claim 1 characterized by the inner
and outer parts of the coating being fused together where they
merge into one another to form the mass of the same polyolefin for
the full thickness thereof with no internal physical boundaries and
with resulting mechanical and chemical continuity of the coating
from the metal outward.
7. The combination described in claim 1 characterized by the
reactive groups being supplied to from 5 to 50 percent of the
radial extent of the coating depending upon the total thickness of
the coating.
8. The combination described in claim 7 characterized by the metal
strip having a thickness of 1 to 3 mils and the coating on one side
of the strip having a radial extent of approximately 2 to 4
mils.
9. The combination described in claim 7 characterized by the inner
part of the coating having the carboxyl groups being of a radial
thickness of from 0.1 to 2.0 mils.
10. The combination described in claim 2 characterized by the part
of the coating that has the carboxyl groups being an
electrophoretically deposited copolymer of polyethylene.
Description
This invention is an improved electrical cable construction; the
improvement being in the protection of the metallic components from
corrosion. The invention will be described as applied to cables
having a shielding layer made of aluminum tape, but it will be
understood that other metal can be used for the shielding layer
such as copper, or even steel.
The metal tape is protected by a plastic coating, such as a
polyolefin. It will be described with polyethylene as the
polyolefin, but other resins can be used which have equivalent
characteristics.
It is one object of the invention to provide improvements on the
constructions shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,206,541 and 3,233,036 which
show aluminum tapes used for shielding layers of electric cables
and with polyolefin layers for protecting the metal. The adhesion
must be sufficient to prevent delamination of the polyolefin
coating from the metal in the presence of moisture and liquid water
containing alkalis, salts or acids which are found in ground
water.
In these patents referred to above, the layer of polyolefin for
protecting the metal is a copolymer containing carboxyl groups so
as to form a permanent chemical bond with the metal, especially
aluminum. This type of bonding system has been found superior to
other systems on resistance to delamination and resistance to the
admission of moisture into the interface between the polyolefin
layer and the aluminum tape at the edge of the sandwich formed by
the tape and the polyolefin layer.
This prevention of delamination and admission of moisture at the
edge of the sandwich is of extreme importance because if the
polyolefin layer is allowed to lift slightly at the tape edge, an
adjacent area of the interface of the metal becomes exposed to
corrosive environment and little by little the corrosion progresses
resulting after lapse of time in a greater area of delamination.
Once delamination takes place, the film ceases to protect the metal
from contact with the corrosive environment and corrosion proceeds
on the exposed surface of metal as if there were no protective
layer at all.
This invention is based on the discovery that the same results can
be obtained at lower cost by having the protecting layer a low cost
homopolymer with a concentration of reactive groups in the part of
the layer of plastic that is adjacent to the metallic strip or foil
or tape and only in that part of the protecting layer. For purposes
of this application, the terms "strip," "foil," and "tape" are
considered synonymous.
It is sufficient that the protecting layer contains the reactive
groups and copolymer characteristics adjacent to the metal surface
only. Where the protecting layer is very thin, the use of copolymer
protecting layers is not objectionable because there is such a
small amount of material involved, but with thicker protecting
layers there is a substantial saving in cost by using a lower cost
polymer that extends all the way to the surface of the metal but
that has different characteristics at the surface of the metal
because of the inclusion of localized reactive groups in the
polymer adjacent to the metal. The construction has the added
advantage of reduced adherence to overlying insulation which must
be stripped from the cable where connections are to be made.
It may seem that the theoretical ideal would be to limit the
reactive groups to the surface of the protecting layer that
confronts the metal. In practice there is some merging of the
copolymeric part of the protecting layer that bonds to the metal
and the polymer above it, and a decrease in concentration of the
reactive groups away from the cable. It may be that this produces a
more stable protecting layer.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will appear
or be pointed out as the description proceeds.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
In the drawing, forming a part hereof, in which like reference
characters indicate corresponding parts in all the views:
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary view of an electric cable with portions
broken away to expose the construction of the inner part of the
cable;
FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 but showing a modified form of
cable;
FIG. 3 is a greatly enlarged sectional view on the line 3-3 of FIG.
1;
FIG. 4 is a greatly enlarged sectional view on the line 4-4 of FIG.
2; and
FIG. 5 is a greatly enlarged sectional view illustrating the
construction of the protective coating for either of the cables
shown in the other views.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows a telephone cable 8 comprising a plurality of
individually insulated conductors 10 assembled into a cable core
about which is applied a core tape 12 of conventional construction
such as a GR-S/Mylar core tape, for example, 16 mils thick, applied
over the core in a longitudinal wrap. A shield 14 is applied over
the core tape. The conductors 10 and the surrounding core tape 12
may, for purposes of this invention, be considered the core of the
cable and this core is designated in in FIG. 1 by the reference
character 15.
The shield is a laminate consisting of a metallic strip with
coating on both its inner and outer surface as will be described
more fully in connection with FIG. 3. An outer extruded jacket 18,
preferably of polyethylene, surrounds the shield 14 and provides
the outer layer of the cable.
FIG. 2 shows a modified cable construction in which individually
insulated conductors 10' are surrounded by a shield 20, the
construction of which will be described more fully in connection
with FIG. 4. This cable shown in FIG. 2 can also have an outer
jacket if desired.
FIGS. 3 and 5 show the shield 14 made of an aluminum strip 24 which
is of greater width than the circumference of the core 15 so that
the strip, when extending longitudinally of the cable, has edge
portions forming a seam 26.
Along this seam 26, the edge portions of the tape overlap one
another so that the shield is of double thickness at the seam 26.
On the inner surface of the aluminum tape 24, there is a plastic
coating 32, and on the outer surface of the aluminum tape 24, there
is a plastic coating 34. The inner coating 32 may be formed from an
inner part 36 and an outer part 38. The inner part 36 is a
copolymer with reactive groups which cause the copolymer to bond
chemically to the surface of the aluminum tape 24. This inner part
36 is preferably a copolymer of polyethylene with reactive carboxyl
groups for obtaining the chemical bonding. The outer part 38 may be
homopolymer polyethylene, preferably a high molecular weight
polyethylene which is preferably merged with the inner part 36 by
fusion to produce a homogeneous system containing no internal
physical boundaries, as illustrated in FIG. 5. The outer coating 34
is preferably made in the same way as the inner coating 32.
A practical technological process for obtaining the desired
coatings on the tape 24 is to apply the copolymer 36 and the
homopolymer 38 in two stages. In the first stage, a thin
application of the copolymer, containing the reactive groups, is
deposited over the metal tape 24. This deposition can be done by
any of the known processes. For example, it can be by means of a
hot melt extrusion process, in which case the thickness of the
application will be greater than by some other processes; the
thickness by hot melt extrusion being of the order of 1.5 to 2
mils. An application of copolymer 36 can also be deposited by heat
sealing to the metal a thin film of the copolymer having a
thickness between one and two mils. On the other hand, a much
thinner application of the order of 0.1 mil can be obtained by
depositing the copolymer by a known electrophoretic process in
which particles of copolymer suspended in fluid are driven to the
metal by an applied electrical field.
The method by which the coating is applied to the metal tape 24 is
not a part of this invention. It is sufficient that the inner part
36 be applied in any known manner and to the desired thickness and
that the outer part 38 be then deposited over the inner part in
such a way as to unite the parts, preferably by fusion. Thus the
outer part 38 may be applied by a hot melt extrusion process, or by
fusion of a film of homopolymer of polyethylene to the underlying
inner part 36 with the necessary heat and pressure.
It will be understood that there are other means for accomplishing
the desired differential dispersion of copolymer in the protective
coating of polyolefin film. For example, a polyethylene film can be
chemically treated on one surface to modify that surface into
copolymer containing reactive groups. After this treatment the film
or coating can be heat fused to the metal strip 24 with the
copolymerized side towards the metal.
The figures on thickness of the layers, as set forth above, are
given merely by way of illustration. With a shielding strip having
a thickness of 8 mils, electrophoretic deposition of copolymer can
be made on both sides of the strip to a thickness of 0.1 mil. A
film of high molecular weight polyethylene having a thickness of 2
mils can then be heat fused to the electrophoretically deposited
layer of copolymer on the metal. It is advantageous, from a cost
standpoint, to have the inner part 36 as thin as practical and to
use the polyethylene homopolymer for the necessary remaining
thickness of the protecting coating on the metal tape.
Aluminum tapes as thin as from 0.003 to 0.001 inch can be used and
effectively protected by the coating of this invention and
polyethylene sheets of from 0.005 to 0.010 inch in thickness can be
used as protecting films for the coating.
FIG. 4 shows a modified construction in which the confronting faces
of the edge portions of the shield are parallel to each other and
upstanding in a substantially radial direction at the time that
they are fused together. This type of seam is a conventional
construction as illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 3,206,541, previously
referred to. After the upstanding edge portions are bonded
together, they are bent over to form the seam 46 shown in FIG. 5.
The tape used for the construction shown in FIG. 4 is the same as
that shown in FIG. 5.
The preferred embodiment of this invention has been illustrated and
described, and the invention is defined in the appended claims.
* * * * *