U.S. patent number 3,579,047 [Application Number 04/798,881] was granted by the patent office on 1971-05-18 for keyboard using switches having light obstructing elements.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Firma Diehl. Invention is credited to Willy Becker, Karlheinz Rummel, Konrad Sturm, Heinz Timm.
United States Patent |
3,579,047 |
Sturm , et al. |
May 18, 1971 |
KEYBOARD USING SWITCHES HAVING LIGHT OBSTRUCTING ELEMENTS
Abstract
Keyboard apparatus for producing switch signal combinations in a
code used in office machines includes a number of individual light
beam producing means corresponding in number to the number of
channels used in the code, and a number of individual keys, each of
which carries one or more light-obstructing barriers, the number
and position of the barriers on a particular key corresponding to
the number and position of the channels used in the machine code
system to indicate the signal combination associated with the key
so that when a key is depressed the light beams will be selectively
interrupted to thereby form a coded signal representing the
depressed key.
Inventors: |
Sturm; Konrad (Nurnberg,
DT), Becker; Willy (Behringersdorf, DT),
Timm; Heinz (Brunn, DT), Rummel; Karlheinz
(Nurnberg, DT) |
Assignee: |
Firma Diehl (Nurnberg,
DT)
|
Family
ID: |
5678711 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/798,881 |
Filed: |
February 13, 1969 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
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Feb 13, 1968 [DT] |
|
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1574554 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
250/221; 250/229;
341/24; 400/477; 235/454; 250/236; 341/31 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06C
7/02 (20130101); H04L 13/16 (20130101); H03K
17/969 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H03K
17/969 (20060101); H03K 17/94 (20060101); H04L
13/00 (20060101); H04L 13/16 (20060101); G06C
7/02 (20060101); G06C 7/00 (20060101); G06m
007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;250/221,222,231,236
;235/61.115 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lawrence; James W.
Assistant Examiner: Abramson; Martin
Claims
We claim:
1. A keyboard apparatus for producing signal combinations
indicative of particular keys in a multichannel office machine code
system in which each channel may carry a signal, and particular
keys are represented by the presence of signals on particular
designated channels, the apparatus comprising, in combination:
a. support means;
b. means for producing a plurality of light beams equal in number
to the number of channels in the machine code system;
c. a like plurality of photoelectric receiving means, one for each
of said light beams, arranged in designated positions on the
support means for producing signals in respective ones of said
channels in response to a change in the detected radiation;
d. a plurality of key members larger in number than said plurality
of light beams, each of said key members being mounted on said
support means for movement relative thereto from a rest position to
a depressed position, each of said key members including means for
selectively interrupting one or more of said light beams in
accordance with the machine code associated with the respective key
when said respective key is depressed, whereby the combination of
the signals produced by said plurality of photoelectric receiving
means as a result of the depression of a key is a coded
representation of the depressed key.
2. The keyboard apparatus as defined in claim 1 including a
plurality of light ducts, one for each of said light beams, mounted
on said support structure, each of said light ducts having a
respective one of said light beam producing means at one end
thereof and a respective one of said photoelectric receiving means
at the other end thereof; and wherein said means for selectively
interrupting said light beams includes a number, from one to the
number of said light beams, of light-obstructing tabs mounted on
each key member for movement therewith, each of said tabs being
positioned relative to said ducts so that upon depression of the
respective key each of said tabs will extend into a respective one
of said ducts and block the light beam passing therethrough.
3. Apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein each of said
photoelectric receiving means is a photosensitive semiconductor
device.
4. Apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein said light ducts and
their associated light beam producing means and photoelectric
receiving means are so positioned that the respective light paths
are substantially parallel to each other.
5. Apparatus as defined in claim 4 including an additional light
beam producing means and an associated photoelectric receiving
means mounted on said support means to provide an additional light
path which is substantially parallel to the other light paths; and
wherein each key member carries an additional light obstructing tab
means positioned on said key member for blocking the said
additional light path at a somewhat later time during the movement
of the key to said depressed position than the other tabs block
their respective light paths; and logic circuit means for producing
an output signal only when a signal from at least one of the
first-mentioned photoelectric sources and a signal from said
additional photoelectric light source are simultaneously
present.
6. Apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein each key member
comprises a flat member having said light obstructing tabs
extending from the body thereof and wherein the individual keys are
mounted on said support means parallel to each other for movement
in the plane defined by the flat body.
7. Apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein each flat key member
includes a guide member extending in the plane of the flat member
and carrying two abutments for limiting its movement in opposite
directions.
8. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 including means for preventing
the depression of any key while another key is depressed.
9. Apparatus as defined in claim 8 wherein said means for
preventing depression of any key while another key is depressed
comprises: a ball cage means including a channel having stops at
each end and a number of balls disposed therebetween, tongue means
on each key member positioned for movement between individual balls
upon movement of the key to the depressed position, the dimensions
of said channel, its stop means and said balls being such that only
one tongue means can fit between the balls at a time.
10. Apparatus as defined in claim 3 wherein each of said
photosensitive semiconductor devices is a phototransistor which is
a part of a respective bistable flip-flop circuit and which causes
the respective flip-flop circuit to assume its set condition when
the respective light beam is interrupted upon depression of a key;
and wherein means are provided for generating a reset pulse for
said flip-flop circuits.
11. Apparatus as in claim 10 including means for blocking the
unoperated key means in response to the output signal of the set
flip-flop circuit.
12. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 in which the machine code
system uses six digits and there are six light beams and six output
signal-producing means.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to office machines and more particularly to
a keyboard arrangement for producing signal combinations in the
code system used in machines which are associated with the
respective key.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The German published patent application (DAS) 1,197,934 discloses a
ten-key keyboard for telephone installations in which a light
barrier is interrupted by depressing a key and thus a switching
criterion is produced. In order not to require a separate light
barrier for each key of this ten-key keyboard, the known
arrangement employs a coordinate arrangement of the light barriers
with which it is possible to produce 10 output signals with a total
of seven light barriers.
In this known keyboard it is necessary, if it is to be used in a
machine operating with a code, to additionally provide a coding
device which converts the signals from the light barriers into
signals according to this machine code.
It is the object of the present invention to provide a keyboard
which makes possible, with as low a number of light barriers as
possible, the emission of a substantially lower number of switching
signals than the known keyboard and which requires only a few
coding means.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Among the objects of the present invention is the provision of
keyboard apparatus which produces signal combinations indicative of
the particular key in the machine code system used which requires a
minimum of switching signals, elements and coding means.
A further object is the provision of such apparatus which is
reliable in operation.
A further object is the provision of such apparatus which is
expensive to manufacture and permits generous production
tolerances, and which can be operated with a minimum of finger
pressure.
Briefly stated, these and other objects are achieved by the
provision of a plurality of light paths whose interruption upon
operation of a key initiates the switching signals. Moreover, a
mechanical switching or triggering element is associated with each
key in such a manner that, upon operation of a key, one or a
plurality of the existing light paths are interrupted corresponding
to the particular code used in the machine and that the pulse or
corresponding pulses, respectively, represent the signal
combination associated with the respective key.
According to a further development of the present invention, a
plurality, e.g. a total of six, light paths corresponding in number
to the number of channels in the machine code system. At one end
are provided with each of these paths having a light source at one
end and a photoelectric receiving element, particularly a
photodiode, at the other end thereof and the mechanical switching
elements are arranged such that each light path can be blocked by a
plurality of such mechanical switching elements. It is particularly
advantageous to arrange these paths alongside each other and to
provide the switching element associated with a particular key with
one or a plurality of light-obstructing barriers each of which is
moved into one of these light paths when the respective key is
operated i.e. depressed.
The present invention thus is based on a construction in which a
plurality of paths along which a light beam passes are arranged
adjacent each other and a mechanical switching element is operated
by a key, the particular configuration of this switching element
with respect to the machine code employed being such as to enable
it to block or close one or simultaneously a number of these light
paths. If, for example, a code having n channels is used where n
equals 6, this means that one switching element is able to close at
least one path or a maximum of all six light paths. With this code,
a total of 63 switching signal combinations can be produced and it
is thus possible to employ up to 63 keys in a keyboard while using
only six light paths. Since the code employed in the keyboard is
the same as that of the machine, further means for converting the
signals to the machine code are unnecessary.
The present invention thus provides a keyboard in which easy
operability by slight finger pressure is combined with an extremely
low requirement for switching elements.
According to a particularly advantageous further development of the
present invention, it is proposed to provide a further, i.e. a
seventh, light path into which a further light obstructing barrier
on each of the mechanical switching or triggering elements moves.
This further light obstructing barrier interrupts its associated
light path somewhat later than the other light-obstructing barriers
of the same triggering element. An electric AND circuit is provided
in which the output signals of all light paths are logically linked
in such a manner that a signal is produced at the output of the AND
circuit only when a signal from one or more of the light paths
corresponding to machine code channels and a signal from the
seventh light path are present at the same time.
With this further development of the present invention, a switching
signal is emitted only when all light paths corresponding to signal
combinations associated with the respective key are definitely
closed. This permits generous production tolerances for guiding the
switching element as well as for the light-obstructing barriers
themselves This results in a reduction in production costs.
It is, moreover, desirable to construct each key's mechanical
element as a flat piece which is mounted for parallel movement.
Such a flat piece can be manufactured in a simple manner as by
stamping.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective representation of a keyboard according to
the present invention.
FIG. 2 and 3 are enlarged views of mechanical switching elements
used with particular keys.
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation illustrating the light paths,
the means to interrupt them, and the circuit used for generation of
the output signals.
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation similar to FIG. 4 of another
embodiment of the invention including photoelectrically controlled
bistable flip-flops.
FIG. 6 is a circuit representing in a schematic manner a
photoelectrically controlled bistable flip-flop of FIG. 5.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In FIG. 1, a large number of keys 2 are arranged on a board 1, the
keys being attached to key shafts or connectors 3 which extend
through openings in the board 1. Below the board 1 there are a
total of seven light paths or ducts 4, which are marked
individually as 41 to 47. A bank 5 of light sources 51 to 57 is
provided at one end of the ducts 4, a bank of photoelectric
receiving elements 61 to 67, e.g., a flip-flop incorporating a
light-sensitive member, is provided at the other end of the ducts 4
with one light source and one receiving element being associated
with each of the ducts 41--47 respectively. Each key connector 3
forms the upper part of a mechanical switching element 7
constructed as a flat piece and extending underneath board 1 over
its entire width and being provided, at its side away from the
board, with at least two, but with a maximum of seven
light-obstructing barriers or tabs 71 to 77 (FIG. 2) which can dip
into the light paths or ducts 41 to 47 respectively. At the
switching element 7 disposed up front there are, for example, six
obstructing barriers, the barrier which would dip into light duct
42 being missing. The arrangement of these light barriers or tabs
on switching element 7 is made according to a (.sub.n) code where n
equals 1 to 6. The barrier 77 of each switching element 7, which
dips into light duct 47, is somewhat shorter than the other
barriers for the purpose of closing duct 47 only after it has been
definitely established that one or a plurality of ducts 41 to 46
have been closed by the respective barriers 71 to 76. An output
signal is considered to be present only when duct 47 is also
closed. This has the advantage that no particularly high demands
need be placed on the tolerances for the respective dimensions in
the manufacture of the switching element 7 and its tabs since it
does not matter whether paths 41 to 46 are closed exactly at the
same time or not.
Each switching element 7 is preferably provided with a short arm
member or shaft 8 at its left end extends up through a slot in the
board 1 and which serves to parallel-guide the switching element.
Those keys, which are arranged at the left edge of the board and in
which this left arm member must serve as the key shaft 3, are
provided at their right side with an arm member 8' which serves for
parallel-guiding instead of shaft 8. For the purpose of good
parallel-guiding there are also provided two key shafts 3 for
particularly large keys, as for example the addition or
multiplication keys, etc. Such an arrangement of two key shafts 3
can be seen, for example, at the first switching element 7 in FIG.
1. The important element for parallel-guiding a switching element
7, however, is the vertical guide member 9 which slides in a guide
groove not shown in the drawing for reasons of clarity.
The keys are operated against the force of a spring 10. In order to
prevent a second key from being depressed before the previously
depressed key has returned to its initial or rest position, a ball
cage 11 is provided. Each switching element 7 has a tongue 12 which
dips between two balls of the ball cage 11 when the key is being
operated. This pushes all the adjacent balls toward the left and
right so that these balls come to lie so closely together, due to
the low amount of play provided, that tongue 12 of another
switching element 7 can no longer dip into the ball cage.
The upper edge of tongue 12 and the edge 13 of the same switching
element 7 facing this tongue serve to limit the upward and downward
movement of the switching element 7 in cooperation with a flap 15
of synthetic material which is placed around the frame portion
14.
FIG. 2 shows a switching element 7 in an enlarged view. The shorter
barrier 77 for duct 47 is here disposed on the extreme right. It
is, of course, also possible, within the sense of the present
invention, to arrange the light ducts and barriers in a different
way and particularly to dispose barrier 77 and light duct 47, for
example, between the other barriers 71 to 76 or ducts 41 to 46. A
particularly suitable arrangement is shown in FIG. 3 in which some
of the barriers are disposed to the left and others to the right of
the vertical guide member 9. This arrangement has the particular
advantage that the torque applied to the vertical guide member 9
due to the asymmetry of the switching element is kept as low as
possible.
FIG. 4 shows a schematic circuit diagram of the electric circuitry,
the arrangement of the ducts as well as the position of the
respective output signals. To the outputs of all photoelectric
receiving elements 61--67, which are provided in the form of
photodiodes, a total of seven amplifiers and inverter circuits 16
are connected at whose outputs appear the signal combinations 17,
e.g., LLOOOOL, including the signal from light path 47. The
photoamplifiers are here so constructed that the signals emitted
from the photodiodes are inverted so that when one of the duct 4 is
darkened or closed a signal is present at the output of the
respective photoamplifier, whereas when a duct 4 is not closed, no
signal is present at the output of the respective photoamplifier
16. The signals shown under 17 appear during the time when the
respective ducts 4 are closed. This interval is somewhat shorter
than the time during which the key is being operated. It can be
clearly seen that in light duct 47 the corresponding output signal
is substantially shorter than that in ducts 41 and 42. To the
outputs of photoamplifiers 16 is connected a logic circuit 18
consisting of individual AND circuits 81 to 86 which are so
interconnected that a transmission of the signals from ducts 41 to
46 is only possible when the signal from duct 47 is also present.
Thus the normed signals of ducts 41 to 46 appear at the output of
this logic circuit 18.
FIG. 5 shows a particularly advantageous further development of the
present invention in which phototransistors are used as
photoelectric receiving elements instead of photodiodes, which
phototransistors are part of a normal bistable flip-flop. Instead
of a bistable flip-flop it is also possible to use a Schmitt
trigger or a circuit arrangement with similar switching
characteristics. When the appropriate light duct 41 to 47 is
closed, the phototransistor of the corresponding flip-flop 61 to 67
is blocked and thus the bistable flip-flop is put into one
switching state. The resulting output signals of the seven light
paths are further evaluated in the manner already described in the
circuit 16. This arrangement has the advantage that the switching
signal is present independent of the length of the time the key is
operated. Since the phototransistors can emit a new signal only
after the associated flip-flop has been reset, a resetting pulse is
fed in on line 19. Such a resetting pulse may be derived at any
suitable place in the machine.
The term "light" employed in the above description is not limited
to visible light but is intended to apply to any other suitable
radiation not discernible to the human eye.
Circuits with phototransistors or other light activated switches
are well known to those skilled in the art. For example such
circuits are disclosed in "International Electroncs," July 1964,
pages 49 to 53, especially FIG. 5c.
If a normal NPN-transistor is substituted for one of the two
light-activated elements in such a circuit as it is shown in FIG. 6
of the drawings, the resulting bistable flip-flop satisfies the
requirements of an element 6 of FIG. 5. The bistable flip-flop is
set by a signal from a light source 5 at element LAT and it is
reset by a signal on line 19, which is fed to the base of
transistor T.
A normal timing circuit 20 in the machine, which is activated by
the signal on duct 47, generates the reset signal for flip-flops 61
to 67 on line 19 after a predetermined period of time-- for example
40 msec.-- this signal switching over transistor T and preparing
element LAT of every flip-flop 61 to 67 for the next switching
operation. The activating signal for timing circuit 20 can be take
off the input of flip-flop 67, this input, for example, being point
20 of a flip-flop like FIG. 6. The aforesaid period of time is
determined by the time necessary for processing the data in the
office machine, which was delivered on the respective key.
It will be readily apparent that there has been provided a keyboard
circuit arrangement for producing signal combinations which are
indicative of the particular key in the machine code used which
requires a minimum of switching elements, is reliable in operation,
inexpensive to manufacture, permits generous production tolerances
and requires minimum finger pressure.
It will be understood that the above description of the present
application is susceptible to various modifications, changes and
adaptations.
* * * * *