U.S. patent number 3,577,815 [Application Number 04/812,605] was granted by the patent office on 1971-05-04 for two-way torque wrench.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Pendleton Tool Industries, Inc.. Invention is credited to Clifford A. Bergquist.
United States Patent |
3,577,815 |
Bergquist |
May 4, 1971 |
TWO-WAY TORQUE WRENCH
Abstract
A predetermined torque release wrench which may be used to apply
a torque to a fastener in either rotary direction. The wrench
includes an arm connected to the ratchet head of the wrench and a
spring pressed cam and follower arrangement. The arm overcomes the
resistance of the cam and follower arrangement when a predetermined
torque is reached. An arrangement is provided for varying the
profile of the cam to permit calibration of the wrench.
Inventors: |
Bergquist; Clifford A.
(Alhambra, CA) |
Assignee: |
Pendleton Tool Industries, Inc.
(Los Angeles, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
25210097 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/812,605 |
Filed: |
April 2, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
81/483 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B25B
23/1427 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B25B
23/14 (20060101); B25B 23/142 (20060101); B25b
013/46 () |
Field of
Search: |
;81/52.4 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: McGehee; Travis S.
Claims
I claim:
1. A torque wrench comprising:
a hollow handle;
a work engaging member rotatably mounted on said handle;
an arm operatively connected at one end to said work engaging
member and longitudinally extending into said handle and adapted to
rotate relative to said handle;
a plunger longitudinally movable in said handle and positioned
opposite the other end of said arm;
one of said arm and plunger having a roller mounted thereon
adjacent the other of said arm and plunger;
the other of said arm and plunger being bifurcated at its end near
said one of said arm and plunger;
the legs of the bifurcated end defining a recess in which said
roller is normally seated;
means for urging said plunger toward said arm for releasably
restraining said arm away from rotating in either of two directions
whereby an applied torque which tends to rotate said arm relative
to said handle creates a longitudinal camming force on said plunger
tending to move said plunger away from said arm to thereby release
said arm for rotation relative to said handle; and
means for adjusting the spacing between the legs of the bifurcated
end to thereby adjust the amount of applied torque necessary to
release said arm for rotation relative to said handle.
2. The torque wrench of claim 1 wherein said roller is mounted on
said plunger and said other end of said arm is bifurcated.
3. The torque wrench of claim 1 wherein a hardened pin is carried
by each of the legs of the bifurcated end and said pins engage said
roller.
4. The torque wrench of claim 3 wherein said roller is mounted on
said plunger and said other end of said arm is bifurcated.
5. The torque wrench of claim 4 wherein said handle defines means
for permitting access to said means for adjusting the spacing
between the legs of the bifurcated end.
6. The torque wrench of claim 5 wherein said urging means is a
spring acting between said plunger and said handle and further
comprising means for adjusting the urging force of said spring to
thereby adjust the amount of torque necessary to release said arm
for rotation relative to said handle.
7. In a torque wrench having a hollow handle, a work engaging
member rotatably mounted on said handle, an arm having one end
operatively connected to said work engaging member and extending
into said handle and adapted to rotate with said work engaging
member, and means providing predetermined resistance to rotative
movement of said arm comprising:
cam means mounted on the other end of the arm; follower means
positioned in the handle adjacent said other end of said arm and in
contact with said cam means;
means for urging said follower means toward said cam means and
resisting rotative movement of said arm;
said follower means being movable by said cam means in a direction
away from said arm in response to a rotative movement of said arm;
and
means for adjusting the profile of said cam means while maintaining
continuous contact between said cam means and follower means to
thereby adjust the resistance to rotative movement of said arm.
8. In the torque wrench of claim 7, said means for urging said
follower means toward said cam means is a spring acting between the
handle and said follower means.
9. In the torque wrench of claim 8, said follower means includes a
plunger slidably mounted in said handle and a roller rotatably
mounted on said plunger.
10. In the torque wrench of claim 9, the other end of said arm is
bifurcated and pin means is mounted on each leg of the bifurcated
portion of said arm to define said cam means; said pin means being
in contact with said roller.
11. In the torque wrench of claim 10, said means for adjusting the
profile of said cam means includes means for adjusting the spacing
between the legs of the bifurcated end of the arm.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to torque wrenches and more particularly to
a predetermined torque release wrench which may be used to apply a
torque in either rotary direction.
A major concern with all torque wrenches is accuracy. It is
essential in torque release wrenches that the wrench release at the
desired torque. Although great care may be exercised in the
manufacture of these wrenches, manufacturing tolerances are such
that accuracy of the wrench is not always assured. Even if the
wrench is accurate when it leaves the factory, repeated use will
often result in the development of inaccuracies. It is therefore
essential that some arrangement for calibrating the wrench be
provided to correct any inaccuracies which may result from
manufacturing or may develop from repeated use of the wrench.
Although two-way torque wrenches are known and it is known to
provide some means for calibrating these wrenches, such calibration
means have not been altogether satisfactory. One prior two-way
torque wrench is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,165,014. The calibration
arrangement shown in this patent has the disadvantage that except
in one position of adjustment, there will be a certain amount of
play in the release mechanism. Such play will interfere with the
accuracy of the wrench.
SUMMARY
It is therefore the primary object of this invention to provide a
novel torque wrench capable of being calibrated in order to
maintain accuracy.
It is another object of this invention to provide a novel
arrangement for calibrating a torque wrench.
The foregoing and other objects will be carried out by providing a
torque wrench comprising: a hollow handle; a work engaging member
rotatably mounted on said handle; an arm operatively connected at
one end to said work engaging member and longitudinally extending
into said handle and adapted to rotate relative to said handle; a
plunger longitudinally movable in said handle and positioned
opposite the other end of said arm; one of said arm and plunger
having a roller mounted thereon adjacent the other of said arm and
plunger; the other of said arm and plunger being bifurcated at its
end near said one of said arm and plunger; the legs of the
bifurcated end defining a recess in which said roller is normally
seated; means for urging said plunger toward said arm for
releasably restraining said arm from rotating in either of two
directions whereby an applied torque which tends to rotate said arm
relative to said handle creates a longitudinal camming force on
said plunger tending to move said plunger away from said arm to
thereby release said arm for rotation relative to said handle; and
means for adjusting the spacing between the legs of the bifurcated
end to thereby adjust the amount of applied torque necessary to
release said arm for rotation relative to said handle.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The invention will be described in connection with the annexed
drawing wherein:
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a torque wrench constructed in
accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the work head of the present
invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of the wrench
showing certain parts after release of the wrench when a torque is
applied in one direction; and
FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 5 showing certain parts after
release of the wrench when a torque is applied in the opposite
direction.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In general, the wrench of the present invention is similar to that
shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,140,623, issued to W. E. Van Hoose, except
that it is capable of having a torque applied in either rotary
direction and is provided with apparatus for calibrating the wrench
to insure accuracy.
Referring to the drawing, there is shown a two-way torque wrench
which includes a tubular handle 1. A work head, generally indicated
at 2, is rotatably mounted on the handle 1. The work engaging
member 2 is shown in the form of a ratchet head including a stud 3
and a lever 4 for reversing the direction of torque transmission.
The head is conventional and need not be described in detail.
An arm 5 has one end fixed to the work engaging member 2 and
extends longitudinally into the handle 1. The arm 5 and hence the
work head 2 are pivotally connected to the handle 1 by means of a
pivot pin 6. A pair of bearing balls 8 are provided for aiding the
swinging movement of the arm 5. The other end of the arm 5 is
bifurcated to provide a pair of spaced apart legs 10. A hardened
pin 11 is mounted on each of the legs 10 and defines with the legs
a recess 12.
A plunger 15 is slidably mounted in the handle 1 and positioned
adjacent the arm 5. A roller 16 is rotatably mounted on the plunger
15 by means of a pin 17 for rolling contact with the pins 11 of the
arm 5. A plurality of bearing balls 18 are secured in the plunger
16 to insure that the plunger 15 will slide easily along the inside
of the wrench handle 1 in a manner similar to that set forth in
U.S. Pat. No. 3,140,623.
The end of the tubular handle 1 opposite the work head 2 is
suitable threaded at 20 and a sleeve 21 having internal threads 22
is threadedly attached to the handle 1. The sleeve 21 is also
internally threaded at 23 and an adjusting sleeve 24 is threadedly
secured thereto by means of threads 25. A lock screw 28 is
threadedly secured to the adjusting sleeve 24. A cylindrical member
30 is positioned in the handle 1. A pin 31 fits in a groove (not
shown) on the inside of the handle 1 to permit the member 30 to
slide in the handle 1 but prevents the member 30 from rotating
relative to the handle 1. The cylindrical member is provided with a
reduced diameter portion 32 which fits into a bore 26 in the
adjusting sleeve 24. The member 30 is provided with a suitable bore
33 which threadedly received a spring biased lock screw 34. The
outer end of the screw 34 is provided with a tang 35 to permit the
screw 34 to be easily rotated. The outer end 35 fits within a
counter bore 27 in the adjusting sleeve 24. Lock pins 38 are
slidably mounted in the sleeve 24 and adapted to fit into dimples
in the member 30.
It should be apparent that when the lock screw 34 is screwed tight,
the pins 38 fit in the dimples in the member 30 and prevent the
sleeve 21 from being rotated. When the screw 34 is loosened, the
pins 38 will be free to move out of the dimples in the member 30
and the sleeve 21 can be rotated relative to the handle 1. This
rotation will either advance or retract the member 30.
A spring 40 acts between the member 30, and hence the handle 1, and
the plunger 15 to urge the plunger 15 toward the arm 5.
When the wrench is in use, a torque will be applied to the stud 3
and work engaging member 1 which tends to rotate the arm 5 relative
to the handle 1. The arm 5 is prevented from rotating relative to
the handle 1 by the cam, which is formed by the legs 10 and pins
11, being blocked by the follower, formed by the plunger 15 and
roller 16. The arm will rotate with the handle 1.
As torque is applied, one of the pins 11 presses against roller 16
and a camming action is created which produces a component tending
to move the cam follower away from the arm 5 against the spring 40.
As the applied torque increases, the rearward force increases until
it overcomes the pressure of spring 40 and the plunger moves
rearwardly a distance sufficient to permit the arm 5 to be released
to rotate relative to the handle 1. The amount of torque which can
be applied before the arm 5 releases can be varied by varying the
spring pressure through movement of sleeve 21.
The use of a bifurcated end on the arm 5 and a pair of pins 11
mounted in the legs of the bifurcated end permits the wrench to be
used for transmitting torque in either rotary direction. The arm 5
will be released when a predetermined torque is applied in either
direction. This feature will be apparent when FIGS. 5 and 6 are
compared.
The shape of the cam defined by the bifurcated end of arm 5 is one
factor which determines the torque at which the arm is released. In
order to vary the shape of the cam, an adjusting screw 45 has been
provided. An access opening closed by cap screw 46 is provided in
the handle 1. The screw 45 may be loosened or tightened to increase
or decrease the spacing between the legs 10 of the bifurcated end.
If the legs 10 are moved farther apart, the roller 16 will move
deeper into recess 12. On this occurrence, it will be necessary for
a greater torque to be applied to release the arm 5. If the
adjusting screw 45 is tightened, the follower and roller 16 will be
moved out of the recess 12 and a lesser torque will release the arm
5.
It is intended that the adjusting screw 45 be used for calibration
purposes to correct inaccuracies due to manufacturing techniques
and to recalibrate the wrench should inaccuracies develop after
repeated use of the wrench. During normal use, the torque at which
the arm 5 will release is determined by the position of member 30.
Suitable calibration marks are provided on the handle 1 for this
purpose. As a further means of adjustment and calibration, the
adjusting sleeve 24 may be used to increase or decrease the spring
pressure.
From the foregoing it is apparent that the objects of this
invention have been carried out. A two-way torque wrench has been
provided. Inaccuracies may be corrected by proper calibration
through adjustment of the shape of the cam formed by the bifurcated
end of the arm 5.
* * * * *