U.S. patent number 3,577,174 [Application Number 04/761,083] was granted by the patent office on 1971-05-04 for circuit for starting and maintaining a discharge through a gas discharge tube.
This patent grant is currently assigned to RCA Corporation. Invention is credited to Richard W. Longsderff.
United States Patent |
3,577,174 |
Longsderff |
May 4, 1971 |
CIRCUIT FOR STARTING AND MAINTAINING A DISCHARGE THROUGH A GAS
DISCHARGE TUBE
Abstract
A capacitance, which is charged by the output of a DC power
supply, is placed in series aiding relationship with the output of
the DC power supply during the start period of a gas discharge
tube, i.e., until ignition is achieved and the capacitance
discharges through the tube. This permits the required "fill in" or
"boost" voltage to be obtained during starting without drawing
excessive peak currents from the power supply when ignition is
started.
Inventors: |
Longsderff; Richard W.
(Lancaster, PA) |
Assignee: |
RCA Corporation (N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
25061062 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/761,083 |
Filed: |
September 20, 1968 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
315/170; 315/173;
315/176; 315/241R; 372/38.07; 315/171; 315/174; 315/175; 315/240;
372/82 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01S
3/097 (20130101); H01J 61/547 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01J
61/54 (20060101); H01S 3/097 (20060101); H05b
037/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;315/170,171,172,173,176,179,180,273,275,240,241 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Huckert; John W.
Assistant Examiner: Polissack; R. F.
Claims
I claim:
1. In a circuit for starting and maintaining a discharge through a
gas discharge tube having a cathode electrode and anode electrode,
said circuit comprising a positive terminal and a negative terminal
connectable to a DC power supply, coupling means for coupling said
positive terminal to said anode electrode and for coupling said
negative terminal to said cathode electrode, an igniter adapted to
be coupled in cooperative relationship with said tube for starting
a discharge therethrough in response to energization thereof by an
ignition voltage when said igniter is coupled to said tube, and
selectively operable means coupled to said igniter for supplying
said ignition voltage only when operated; the combination therewith
of a capacitance, and means including said coupling means effective
when said coupling means are coupled to said electrodes of said
tube for charging said capacitance with said power supply to a
given voltage in response to said selectively operable means being
unoperated and in the absence of a discharge through said tube, for
serially coupling said power supply terminals and said capacitance
across said cathode and anode electrodes of said tube to apply the
output of said power supply and said given voltage thereto in
series-aiding relationship in response to said selectively operable
means being operated, for discharging said capacitance through said
tube upon the start of a discharge therethrough, and for coupling
solely said power supply terminals across said cathode and anode
electrodes of said tube to apply thereto only said power supply
output upon the completion of the discharge of said
capacitance.
2. The combination defined in claim 1, wherein said coupling means
includes a unidirectional conducting device connected between one
terminal of said power supply and the one of said electrodes of
said tube coupled to that terminal, said unidirectional conducting
device being poled to be normally conductive, and wherein said
means including said coupling means comprises a capacitance
charging resistance connected between the other of said electrodes
of said tube and one end of said capacitance, means excluding said
unidirectional conducting device connecting the other end of said
capacitance to said one electrode, and a pair of switch contacts
under the control of said selectively operable means for connecting
said one end of said capacitance to said one terminal solely when
said selectively operable means is operated.
3. The combination defined in claim 2, wherein said means
connecting the other end of said capacitance to said one electrode
includes a current-limiting resistance.
4. The combination defined in claim 2, wherein said means including
said coupling means further comprises a shunt resistance shunting
said capacitance.
5. The combination defined in claim 2, wherein said coupling means
further comprises second pair of switch contacts under the control
of said selectively operable means for connecting said one terminal
directly to said one electrode solely when said selectively
operable means is unoperated.
6. The combination defined in claim 1, wherein said gas discharge
tube is a gas laser tube.
7. The combination defined in claim 1, wherein said power supply is
a current-regulated power supply.
8. The combination defined in claim 1, wherein the output of said
power supply is insufficient in and as of itself to effect starting
of discharge through said tube, but is sufficient to maintain
discharge therethrough once started, and the sum of the output of
said power supply and said given voltage is sufficient to effect
starting of discharge through said tube.
9. A circuit for starting and maintaining a discharge through a gas
laser tube having a cathode electrode and an anode electrode; said
circuit comprising a DC power supply having a negative terminal
connected directly to said cathode electrode; a unidirectional
conducting device connecting a positive terminal of said power
supply to said anode electrode, said unidirectional conducting
device being poled to be normally conducting; a voltage divider
comprising a first relatively high resistance having one end
thereof connected to said cathode electrode, a second relatively
high resistance having one end thereof connected to the other end
of said first resistance, and a third relatively low resistance
having one end thereof connected to the other end of said second
resistance and the other end of said third resistance connected to
said anode electrode; a capacitance having one end thereof
connected to the junction of said first and second resistances and
the other end thereof connected to the junction of said second and
third resistances; a contactor having a normally closed pair of
switch contacts, a normally open pair of switch contacts, and a
contact-actuating coil; means for connecting said normally closed
pair of contacts between said positive terminal and said anode
electrode; means for connecting said normally open pair of contacts
between said positive terminal and said one end of said
capacitance; an igniter coil in cooperative relationship with said
gas laser tube, said igniter coil being connected in parallel with
said contact-actuating coil; and a control circuit for said
parallel connected igniter and contact-actuating coils including a
normally open manually operated switch for applying an AC voltage
to said parallel-connected ignitor and contact-actuating coils in
response to the closure of said manually operated switch.
Description
This invention relates to apparatus for starting and maintaining a
discharge plasma in a gas discharge tube and, more particularly, to
an improved start circuit which is particularly suitable for use
with lasers and arc lamps.
It is the practice to utilize a current regulated DC power supply
to produce a gas discharge plasma in a laser or arc lamp. It is
more difficult to initiate a discharge through a gas discharge
device than it is to maintain the discharge once it has been
started. Therefore, in order to aid in starting the discharge, a
pulse of AC voltage is applied through an igniter coil in
cooperative relationship with the gas discharge tube and at the
same time a higher than normal "fill in" or "boost" voltage is
applied for a short period between the cathode and anode electrodes
of the gas tube.
In the prior art, the current regulated power supply includes means
for increasing the power supply voltage temporarily during the
start period to obtain the required "fill in" or "boost" voltage.
It is not economical to increase the capacity of the power supply
utilized from that needed to maintain steady state continuous
discharge through the gas discharge device merely for the purpose
of accommodating the increased power supply voltage temporarily
required for only a very short time interval to start discharge
through the gas discharge device. Thus, the relatively low capacity
of the power supply used is such that excessive peak currents occur
when ignition is started.
It is an object of the present invention to provide the required
"fill in" voltage without causing these undesired high peak
currents during starting.
Selectively operable means are effective when unoperated and in the
absence of any discharge through the gas discharge device in
permitting a capacitance to be charged by the output of the DC
power supply. Operation of the selectively operable means is
effective both in energizing the igniter coil of the gas discharge
device, as is conventional, and in applying the voltage across the
charged capacitance in series-aiding relationship with the output
of the DC power supply between the anode and cathode electrodes of
the gas discharge device. Upon ignition of the gas discharge device
the capacitance is discharged therethrough. Thus, the required
"fill in" voltage is supplied during the start period by the
previously charged capacitance, rather than by any increase in
voltage in the power supply output itself.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the present
invention will become more apparent from the following detailed
description taken together with the accompanying drawing in which
the sole FIGURE illustrates a preferred embodiment of the present
invention.
Referring to the FIGURE, DC power supply 10, which is preferably a
current-regulated power supply, has its negative terminal connected
directly to cathode electrode 12 of laser tube 14. The positive
terminal of DC power supply 10 is connected to anode electrode 16
of laser tube 14 through unidirectional conducting device 18, which
is poled as shown.
A voltage divider is connected between cathode electrode 12 and
anode electrode 16 of laser tube 14. This voltage divider is
composed of first resistance 20, having one end thereof connected
to cathode electrode 12 of laser tube 14, second resistance 22,
having one end thereof connected to the other end of resistance 20,
and third resistance 24 having one end thereof connected to the
other end of resistance 22 and the other end of resistance 24
connected to anode electrode 16 of laser tube 14. Resistance 20 has
a relatively high value, such as 10,000 ohms, for instance.
Resistance 22 has an even higher value, such as 75,000 ohms, for
instance. Third resistance 24 has a very low value, such as 10
ohms, for instance. Capacitance 26 has one end thereof connected to
the junction of first resistance 20 and second resistance 22 and
the other end thereof connected to the junction of second
resistance 22 and third resistance 24, as shown. Capacitance 26 may
have a value of from 2 to 3 microfarads for instance.
Contactor 28 includes normally closed contacts 30, which are
connected as shown between the positive terminal of DC power supply
10 and anode electrode 16 of laser tube 14, normally open contacts
32, which are connected as shown between the positive terminal of
DC power supply 10 and that end of capacitance 26 which is
connected to the junction between first resistance 20 and second
resistance 22, and contact-actuating coil 34.
Surrounding laser tube 14 and in cooperative relationship therewith
is igniter coil 36. Igniter coil 36 and switch-actuating coil 34 of
contactor 28 are connected in parallel and are simultaneously
energized by AC voltage 38 in response to the closure of manually
operated switch 40, which may be a pushbutton switch.
Considering now the operation of the circuit shown in the sole
FIGURE, in the absence of any discharge between cathode electrode
12 and anode electrode 16 of laser tube 14 and with manually
operated switch 40 unoperated, current will flow from the positive
terminal of DC power supply 10 through normally closed contact 30
of contactor 28, very low third resistance 24 and relatively high
first resistance 20 to the negative terminal of power supply 10 to
thereby charge capacitance 26. Capacitance 26 will be charged with
the left end thereof, connected to the junction between first
resistance 20 and second resistance 22, relatively negative with
respect to the right end thereof, connected to the junction between
second resistance 22 and third resistance 24. Relatively high first
resistance 20 will control the rate of charging capacitance 26.
After capacitor 26 is fully charged, current will continue to flow
from DC power supply 10 through the voltage divider composed of
first resistance 20, second resistance 22 and third resistance
24.
In response to the closure of manually operated switch 40, both
switch-actuating coil 34 of contactor 28 and ignitor coil 36 are
energized by AC voltage 38. This results in the opening of normally
closed contacts 30 and the closure or normally open contacts 32 of
contactor 28. In response thereto the positive terminal of DC power
supply 10 is connected through contacts 32 to the relatively
negative end of capacitance 26 and the relatively positive end of
capacitance 26 is connected through very low third resistance 24,
which is merely a current-limiting resistance, to anode electrode
16 of laser tube 14.
Since the negative terminal of DC power supply 10 is still
connected to cathode electrode 12 of laser tube 14, the total
voltage applied between cathode electrode 12 and anode electrode 16
of laser tube 14 will be the sum of the output of DC power supply
10 and the charged voltage of capacitance 26, because with contact
32 closed they are connected in series-aiding relationship. This
results in the potential at anode electrode 16 of laser tube 14
exceeding that at the positive terminal of DC power supply 10,
causing unidirectional conducting device 18 to be back biased.
The application of this increased voltage between cathode electrode
12 and anode electrode 16 of laser tube 14, together with the
simultaneously energization of igniter coil 36 by AC voltage 38,
causes breakdown of the gas in laser tube 14 and a discharge plasma
to be initiated therein. This results in a low resistance discharge
path for capacitance 26 through low, current-limiting, third
resistance 24 and the discharge plasma of laser tube 14.
As capacitance 26 continues to be discharged through the discharge
plasma, the potential at anode electrode 16 of laser tube 14
finally drops to the point where it is less than the potential at
the positive terminal of DC power supply 10. At this point,
unidirectional conducting device 18 is no longer back biased, but
is forward biased. When unidirectional conducting device 18 becomes
forward biased, the potential at anode electrode 16 of laser tube
14 is clamped to the potential at the positive terminal of DC power
supply 10. Therefore, at this time the voltage between cathode
electrode 12 and anode electrode 16 is just equal to the output of
DC power supply 10. It might be pointed out that the discharge of
capacitance 26 usually takes place very quickly, before switch 40
is released. When switch 40 is released, normally closed contact 30
of contactor 28 are reclosed and normally open contacts 32 of
contactor 28 are reopened. In this case, the voltage between
cathode electrode 12 and anode electrode 16 of laser tube 14 is
still solely the output of DC power supply 10.
* * * * *