U.S. patent number 3,575,502 [Application Number 04/737,484] was granted by the patent office on 1971-04-20 for electrophotographic copying arrangement.
This patent grant is currently assigned to AGFA - Gevaert AG. Invention is credited to Rudolf Eppe.
United States Patent |
3,575,502 |
Eppe |
April 20, 1971 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC COPYING ARRANGEMENT
Abstract
A first charging device is used for transferring a powder image
from a transporting cylinder to a copy sheet by charging the copy
sheet which causes an electrostatic force attracting the copy sheet
to the transporting cylinder. A second charging device charges the
copy sheet with a charge of opposite polarity for substantially
neutralizing the first charge so that the copy sheet easily
separates from the transporting cylinder.
Inventors: |
Eppe; Rudolf (Taufkirchen,
DT) |
Assignee: |
AGFA - Gevaert AG (Leverkusen,
DT)
|
Family
ID: |
5678461 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/737,484 |
Filed: |
June 17, 1968 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
Current U.S.
Class: |
399/315; 399/398;
271/309; 271/900 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03G
15/16 (20130101); Y10S 271/90 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03G
15/16 (20060101); G03g 015/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;355/3 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Matthews; Samuel S.
Assistant Examiner: Bero; E. M.
Claims
I claim:
1. Electrophotographic copying arrangement comprising, in
combination, transporting means having a movable surface; means for
forming on said surface a latent image; developing means for
applying a powder to said latent image to form a powder image on
said surface; means for feeding a chargeable copy carrier to said
surface in the region of said powder image; a transfer charging
device emitting a first ion stream toward said copy carrier for
charging said copy carrier with a first charge having a first
polarity so that said powder image is transferred to said charged
copy carrier and an electrostatic force attracts said charged copy
carrier to said surface; and a compensating charging device
emitting a second ion stream toward said copy carrier for charging
said charged copy carrier during passage of said compensating
charging device by said copy carrier with a second charge having a
second polarity opposite to said first polarity and being
substantially equal to said first charge produced by said first ion
stream during passage of said transfer charging device by said copy
carrier for at least substantially neutralizing said first charge
so that said copy carrier does not adhere to said surface of said
transporting means.
2. Copying arrangement as claimed in claim 1 wherein said transfer
charging device includes first throttling means for throttling said
first ion stream; wherein said compensating charging device
includes second throttling means for throttling said second ion
stream to a greater degree than said first ion stream is throttled
by said first throttling means.
3. Copying arrangement as claimed in claim 2 wherein said means for
forming a latent image include a third charging device emitting a
third ion stream directed at said surface for producing a charged
area thereon, and including third throttling means for throttling
said third ion stream to a lesser degree than said second
throttling means throttles said second ion stream, and means for
projecting an image onto said charged area.
4. Copying arrangement as claimed in claim 1 wherein said transfer
charging device includes a first throttling slot for throttling
said first ion stream; wherein said compensating charging device
includes a second throttling slot narrower than said first
throttling slot for throttling said second ion stream to a greater
degree than said first ion stream is throttled by said first
throttling slot.
5. Copying arrangement as claimed in claim 1 wherein said transfer
charging device includes first throttling means for throttling said
first ion stream; wherein said compensating charging device
includes second throttling means for throttling said second ion
stream to a greater degree than said first ion stream is throttled
by said first throttling means; and comprising means for applying
equal voltages of opposite polarity to said transfer charging
device and said compensating charging device, respectively.
6. Electrophotographic copying arrangement comprising, in
combination, transporting means having a movable surface; means for
forming on said surface a latent image; developing means for
applying a powder to said latent image to form a powder image on
said surface; means for feeding a chargeable copy carrier to said
surface in the region of said powder image; a transfer charging
device disposed at a first distance from said copy carrier for
charging said copy carrier with a first charge having a first
polarity so that said powder image is transferred to said charged
copy carrier and an electrostatic force attracts said charged copy
carrier to said surface; and a compensating charging device
disposed at a second distance from said copy carrier for charging
said charged copy carrier with a second charge having a second
polarity opposite to said first polarity for at least substantially
neutralizing said first charge so that said copy carrier does not
adhere to said surface of said transporting means. Said second
distance being greater than said first distance whereby the same
voltage applied to said charging devices produces a lesser second
charge.
7. Copying arrangement as claimed in claim 6 comprising a
transformer adapted to be connected to a source of alternating
voltage; first and second rectifiers connected with said
transformer to block negative pulses and positive pulses,
respectively, said first and second rectifiers being, respectively,
connected with said transfer charging device and with said
compensating charging device so that said transfer charging device
produces a positive first charge and said compensating charging
device produces a negative second charge of said copy carrier.
8. Electrophotographic copying arrangement comprising, in
combination, transporting means including a rotary cylinder having
a peripheral surface moving in one direction; means for forming on
said surface a latent image; developing means for applying a powder
to said latent image to form a powder image on said surface; means
for feeding chargeable copy carrier to said surface; a transfer
charging device for charging said copy carrier with a first charge
having a first polarity, said feeding means feeding said copy
carrier to said surface in the region of said transfer charging
device so that said powder image is transferred to said charged
copy carrier and an electrostatic force attracts said charged copy
carrier to said surface; a compensating charging device disposed
following said transfer charging device in said one direction for
charging said charged copy carrier with a second charge having a
second polarity opposite to said first polarity for at least
substantially neutralizing said first charge so that said copy
carrier does not adhere to said surface of said transporting means;
and blower means for blowing a low pressure stream of air toward
the leading edge of said copy carrier and past said compensating
charging device.
9. Electrophotographic copying arrangement comprising, in
combination, transporting means having a movable surface; means for
forming on said surface a latent image; developing means for
applying a powder to said latent image to form a powder image on
said surface; means for feeding a chargeable copy carrier to said
surface; a transfer charging device for charging said copy carrier
with a first charge having a first polarity, said feeding means
feeding said copy carrier to said surface in the region of said
transfer charging device so that said powder image is transferred
to said charged copy carrier and an electrostatic force attracts
said charged copy carrier to said surface; and a compensating
charging device for charging said charged copy carrier with a
second charge having a second polarity opposite to said first
polarity for at least substantially neutralizing said first charge
so that said copy carrier does not adhere to said surface of said
transporting means; and blower means for blowing a low pressure
stream of air toward the copy carrier on said surface for
separating the same from said surface.
10. Electrophotographic copy arrangement comprising, in
combination, transporting means having a movable surface; means for
forming on said surface a latent image; developing means for
applying a powder to said latent image to form a powder image on
said surface; means for feeding a chargeable copy carrier to said
surface in the region of said powder image; a transfer charging
device for charging said copy carrier with a first charge having a
first polarity so that said powder image is transferred to said
charged copy carrier and an electrostatic force attracts said
charged copy carrier to said surface; a compensating charging
device emitting an ion stream toward said copy carrier for charging
said charged copy carrier with a second charge having a second
polarity opposite to said first polarity for at least substantially
neutralizing said first charge so that said copy carrier does not
adhere to said surface of said transporting means; and blower means
for blowing a low pressure stream of air past said compensating
charging device toward said fed copy carrier and into said ion
stream so as to displace said ion stream for separating said copy
carrier from said surface, the pressure of said stream of air being
insufficient to produce mechanical separation of said copy carrier
from said surface.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Electrophotographic copiers are known in which a cylinder having a
peripheral layer of a photoconductive material is first
electrostatically charged and then exposed by a projected image so
that a latent image is formed. The latent image is developed by
application of a powder which is attracted by the electrostatic
force of the latent image. A powder image is thus formed which is
transferred to a copy sheet which is electrostatically charged by a
corona charging device.
Electrophotographic copiers of this type require the charging of
the copy sheet from its rear face substantially at the voltage and
with the polarity of the charged latent image of the
photoconductive layer. Electrostatic forces are thus created which
cause attraction between the photoconductive layer and the copy
sheet so that the copy sheet tends to adhere to the photoconductive
layer of the cylinder.
In accordance with the prior art, blowers are provided for
producing a high-pressure air stream by which the copy sheet is
separated from the cylinder surface. It has also been proposed to
strip the copy sheet from the cylinder surface by stripping devices
or gripping devices. The constructions of the prior art serving
this purpose are rather expensive, take up much space, and are not
absolutely reliable.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is one object of the invention to improve the known
electrophotographic copiers by electrically separating the copy
sheet or other copy carrier from the surface transporting the
powder image.
Another object of the invention is to charge the copy carrier with
a charge having opposite polarity than the charge by which the
powder image is transferred to the copy carrier so that the charges
neutralize each other and no electrostatic attraction occurs
between the copy carrier and the surface transporting the powder
image.
Another object of the invention is to provide a transfer charging
device and a compensating charging device for charging the copy
carrier with substantially equal charges of opposite polarity so
that the copy carrier is not attracted by an electrostatic
force.
With these objects in view, an embodiment of the invention
comprises transporting means, such as a cylinder having a movable
surface; means for forming on the surface a latent image, for
example by projecting an image onto a charged area of the surface;
developing means for applying a powder to the latent image to form
a powder image; a transfer charging device including a first corona
charging device for charging a copy carrier or copy sheet with a
first charge having a first polarity so that the powder image is
transferred to the charged copy carrier; and a compensating
charging device, such as a second corona charging device, for
charging the charged copy carrier with a second charge having an
opposite polarity.
The second charge is substantially equal to the first charge or
slightly smaller, so that the first charge is substantially
neutralized. Consequently, no electrostatic attractive force
develops between the copy carrier and the surface of the
transporting means, and the copy carrier does not adhere to the
surface.
The copy carrier is first transported past the transfer charging
device and then past the compensating charging device, each of
which produces an ion stream. The charges produced on the copy
carrier by the ion streams while the copy carrier passes the
transfer charging device and the compensating charging device,
respectively, are substantially equal to effect neutralizaton of
the opposite charges.
The compensation charge must be correctly measured in order to
prevent that the compensating charge substantially exceeds the
transfer charge and again causes electrostatic attraction of the
copy carrier.
The desired compensation of the charges can be obtained in
accordance with one embodiment of the invention by providing the
transfer charging device and the compensating charging device with
throttling means for throttling the stream of ions from the
charging devices to the copy carrier. In accordance with the
invention, the ion stream of the compensating charging device is
throttled to a greater degree than the ion stream of the transfer
charging device, and also of the charging device which produces the
charged area on which the latent image is formed.
A control grid of known construction may be used for throttling
corona charging devices.
The control grids of the corona charging device which produces the
charged area on which the latent image is formed, and the control
grid of the transfer charging device by which the powder image is
transferred to the copy carrier, are advantageously connected with
a voltage source providing +600 to +800 v., while the control grid
of the compensating corona charging device is connected to ground
or to zero voltage.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the grounded housing of
each corona charging device is provided with a slot facing the
layer which is to be charged. The slots through which the ion
stream of the compensating corona charging device passes is
narrower than the slot through which the ion stream of the transfer
corona charging device passes so that the compensating charge does
not exceed the charge of opposite polarity required for the
transfer of the powder image.
It is also practical, to dispose the compensating charging device
at a greater distance from the copy carrier than the transfer
charging device so that the same voltage applied to both charging
devices, although of opposite polarity, produces a compensating
charge which is smaller than the transfer charge.
When the transfer charge of the copy carrier is compensated and
neutralized in accordance with the invention, it can be separated
from the cylinder by a conventional stripper. However, it has been
found that the operational reliability of the arrangement is
improved in an unexpected manner if a low-pressure airstream is
directed towards the leading edge of the copy carrier or copy sheet
which tends to adhere to the surface of the transporting cylinder.
A very small pressure of about 2 mm. to 3 mm. hydraulic head is
sufficient, so that it is apparent that no mechanical separation is
effected by the low-pressure airstream. It is therefore assumed
that the surprising effect of the low-pressure airstream is caused
by an improvement of the compensation of the opposite charges by
the additional movement of the ion stream caused by the
low-pressure airstream.
The opposite and equal voltages applied to the transfer charging
device and to the compensating charging device are preferably
obtained by connecting the two charging devices, respectively,
through two rectifiers to a transformer, the rectifiers being
connected to block pulses of opposite polarity so that a positive
voltage is applied to the transfer charging device and a negative
voltage is applied to the compensating charging device. Since the
two voltages are equal, the compensating charging device may be
spaced a greater distance from the copy carrier than the transfer
charging device, and/or the ion stream of the compensating charging
device may be throttled to a higher degree than the ion stream of
the transfer charging device, which may be obtained by providing
the compensating charging device with a narrower slot than the
transfer charging device for the passage of the ion streams.
The novel features which are considered as characteristic for the
invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The
invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its
method of operation, together with additional objects and
advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following
description of a specific embodiment when read in connection with
the accompanying drawing which is partly a schematic sectional
view, and partly a circuit diagram.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A transporting cylinder 1 having a photoconductive layer on its
cylindrical peripheral surface 1a, is rotated in the direction of
the arrow A so that surface areas successively pass a corona
charging device 2 having a slot 2a of predetermined width through
which an ion stream is emitted toward the surface 1a of cylinder 1.
Cylinder 1, and the housing of the corona charging device 2, are
grounded, and the discharge electrode 2b is connected by a resistor
25 to a rectifier 21 which produces a positive voltage, as will be
explained hereinafter.
An area of surface 1a is charged by the corona charging device 2 to
a voltage of +600 v. to +800 v. and moves into a region of an
objective 3 which forms an image of an original or master 4
illuminated by rod-shaped lamps 5 and 6 and being carried by a
transparent slide 7. A rope attached to cylinder 1 and slide 7, and
passing over guide rollers, causes movement of the slide 7 with the
master 4 in the direction of the arrow B when cylinder 1 rotates in
the direction of the arrow A. Master 4 and surface 1a move at the
same speed in opposite directions so that an image of the master is
formed on the surface 1a whereby a latent image of master 4 is
formed on the charged area of surface 1a.
During further rotation of cylinder 1, the latent image passes
developing means 8 by which an electrostatic powder is applied to
the charged surface area and adheres to the latent image so that a
powder image is formed. During further rotation of cylinder 1, the
charged area with the powder image is brought into contact with a
copy carrier or copy sheet fed by a feeding means 9 from the top of
a stack of copy sheets 10 in the direction of the arrow C.
While the copy carrier moves together with surface 1a, in contact
with the charged area and with the powder image, it passes a corona
charging device 11 whose discharge electrode 11b is connected by
resistor 26 to rectifier 21 which supplies a positive voltage
between 600 v. and 800 v. so that a stream of ions passes through a
slot in the housing of corona charging device 11 toward the copy
sheet and charges the rear face of the same with +600 v. Due to
this charge, the powder of the powder image is attracted and is
transferred from surface 1a to the front face of the copy
sheet.
The charged area of surface 1a passes a source of light 12 which
effects discharge of the positive charge of the charged surface
area whereupon surface 1a passes a rotary cleaning device 13 which
removes all powder still adhering to surface 1a so that surface 1a
can again be charged by corona charging device 2, and another
copying operation started.
Due to the electrostatic positive charge applied by corona charging
device 11 to the copy sheet, the same is attracted to the surface
1a of transporting cylinder 1 and tends to adhere to the same.
In accordance with the present invention, a further corona charging
device 14 is disposed following corona charging device 11 in the
direction of movement of surface 1a. The housing of corona charging
device 14 is grounded, and its discharge electrode 14b connected by
a resistor 27 to a rectifier 22 which produces a negative voltage.
The corona charging device 14 has a slot 14a through which an ion
stream passes so that the copy sheet receives a negative charge for
neutralizing the positive charge produced by the corona charging
device 11. The charge produced by corona charging device 14
compensates the charge produced by the corona charging device 11
for the purpose of transferring the powder image, and therefore
charging device 11 will be referred to hereinafter as transfer
charging device, and charging device 14 will be referred to as
compensating charging device.
By selecting the width of slot 14a of the compensating charging
device 14 to be smaller than the width of slot 11a of the transfer
charging device 11, and also than the width of slot 2a of charging
device 2, the ion streams have a corresponding width in the
direction of movement of surface 1a and produce corresponding
charges so that by selection of the free width of slots 2a and 11a,
the desired charge of between 600 and 800 v. is obtained. The ion
stream of compensating charging device 14 emitted by discharge
electrode 14b is limited by the narrower opening 14a to a greater
degree than the ion stream of the preceding charging devices 2 and
11. Furthermore, compensating charging device 14 is disposed at a
greater distance from the copy sheet than transfer charging device
11, and also at a greater distance than charging device 2 is spaced
from surface 1a.
Due to the limiting of the ion stream of the compensating charging
device, the compensating charging device 14 cannot charge the copy
sheet to a negative voltage having a similar value as the positive
charge produced by the transfer charging device 14. Only
compensation and neutralization of the positive charge required for
the transfer of the powder image is effected by the compensating
charging device 14 due to its narrower slot 14a and the greater
spacing from the copy sheet.
The neutralized copy sheet is no longer electrostatically attracted
to the cylinder surface 1a, and drops off the same so that it can
be supplied to a heating device 15 by which the transferred powder
image on the copy sheet is permanently fixed to the same.
The separation of the copy sheet from cylinder surface 1a is
further improved by a low-pressure stream of air blown out of a
nozzle 16 whose discharge opening 16a extends over the entire axial
length of cylinder 1. Nozzle 16 is disposed closely adjacent
surface 1a, and the airstream is blown in tangential direction of
cylinder surface 1a toward the leading edge of the copy sheet which
moves in the direction C. The pressure of the airstream is only 2
mm. to 3 mm. hydraulic head, so that it is not the mechanical power
of the airstream by which a copy sheet is separated from the
cylinder surface. Rather, the effective separating action of the
low-pressure airstream is due to an improvement of the compensation
of the transfer charge of the copy sheet by the additional movement
of the ion stream of the compensating charging device 14 produced
by the low-pressure airstream.
A transformer 17 is connected to a voltage source 18 and 19 of an
alternating voltage of 220 v. and 50 Hz. The secondary winding of
transformer 17 produces a voltage between 5000 and 6000 v. and has
one grounded terminal, and a terminal connected by line 20 to
rectifier 21 which blocks the negative pulses of the alternating
current and to a rectifier 22 which blocks the positive pulses of
the alternating current so that rectifier 21 supplies a positive
voltage to charging devices 2 and 11, while rectifier 22 supplies a
negative voltage to charging device 14. Equal voltages of opposite
polarity are supplied to the transfer charging device 11 and to the
compensating charging device 14.
It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or
two or more together, may also find a useful application in other
types of electrophotographic copying arrangements differing from
the types described above.
While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied
in an electrostatic copier having a compensating charging device
for neutralizing a copy sheet charged by a transfer charging device
for transferring a powder image to the copy sheet, it is not
intended to be limited to the details shown, since various
modifications and structural changes may be made without departing
in any way from the spirit of the present invention.
Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the
gist of the present invention that others can by applying current
knowledge readily adapt it for various applications without
omitting features that from the standpoint of prior art fairly
constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific
aspects of this invention and, therefore, such adaptations should
and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of
equivalence of the following claims.
What is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters
Patent is set forth in the appended claims.
* * * * *