U.S. patent number 3,573,868 [Application Number 04/682,286] was granted by the patent office on 1971-04-06 for fiber optical target practice system.
Invention is credited to Carlo Giannetti.
United States Patent |
3,573,868 |
Giannetti |
April 6, 1971 |
FIBER OPTICAL TARGET PRACTICE SYSTEM
Abstract
The specification of this application describes a target
practice system which includes an optical arrangement by which
light may be directed from a gun towards a target. The target
includes a photosensitive means connected to initiate a scoring
display system. The source of light for the gun is located at a
point remote from the gun and light from the source is conveyed to
the gun through a fiber optical conducting system. The source
generates flashes of light in a gas tube which is fired by an
electrical signal as an incident to alteration in light flux in an
optical subsystem. The subsystem includes a second light source and
fiber optic circuitry for conducting light from the second source
through the gun and thence to light-sensitive circuitry in which
the initiating pulse is generated. Means are provided within the
gun for altering the light flow through the gun in response to
actuation of the trigger mechanism. In the embodiment described in
detail in this specification, the initiating pulse is generated by
the secondary optical system upon the occasion of interruption of
light flow through the secondary fiber optical circuit.
Inventors: |
Giannetti; Carlo (Anaheim,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
24739031 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/682,286 |
Filed: |
November 13, 1967 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
463/51; 42/116;
362/112; 362/577 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41G
3/2655 (20130101); F41A 33/02 (20130101); F41J
5/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F41G
3/26 (20060101); F41A 33/02 (20060101); F41J
5/00 (20060101); F41J 5/02 (20060101); F41G
3/00 (20060101); F41A 33/00 (20060101); F41j
005/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;273/101.1 ;35/25
;350/96 ;240/6.41,10.26,(Inquired) ;250/227,206,221,222,231 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Pinkham; Richard C.
Assistant Examiner: Siskind; Marvin
Claims
I claim:
1. In an optical target practice system, in combination:
a target gun including a trigger mechanism and optical means for
receiving light from a source and transmitting it in a direction
determined by the direction in which said target gun is
pointed;
a flashing light source remote from the gun and responsive to an
initiating signal to apply a flash of light to said optical means
of said gun;
initiating means responsive to abrupt alteration in light flux
quantity for applying an initiating signal to said flashing light
source;
a source of continuous light; and
means for conducting light from said source of continuous light to
said gun and thence to said initiating means; and
light flux alteration means responsive to actuation of said trigger
mechanism for altering abruptly the light flux conducted from said
source of continuous light to said initiating means whereby a flash
of light is caused to be directed in the direction in which said
target gun is pointed.
2. The invention defined in claim 1, in which said optical means of
said gun comprises a lens system mounted in the barrel of said gun
and a fiber optic light-conducting conduit mounted within said gun
to direct light through said lens system.
3. The invention defined in claim 1, in which said flashing light
source comprises a gas flash tube and an alternating current to
high unidirectional voltage converter having its output connected
across said flash tube and circuit means for applying an electrical
initiating pulse to said flash tube.
4. The invention defined in claim 1, in which said means for
conducting light from said source of continuous light and thence to
said initiating means includes a fiber optic light conduit
extending from said source of continuous light to a first point
within said gun and a fiber optic light conduit for receiving light
at a second point spaced from said first point and conducting it to
said initiating means; and in which said light flux alteration
means comprises an opaque vane mounted within said target gun and
responsive to actuation of said trigger mechanism to interrupt the
passage of light from said first point to said second point
momentarily.
5. The invention defined in claim 1, in which said initiating means
comprises a light-sensitive cell for generating a signal of uniform
character in response to uninterrupted light from said source of
continuous light and responsive upon interruption of said light to
provide an initiating signal to said flashing light source.
6. The invention defined in claim 1, in which said optical means
comprises a lens system and the fiber optic light conducting
conduit effective to direct conducted light through said lens
system; and in which said flashing light source comprises a gas
tube effective on being flashed to direct a flash of light to said
fiber optic conduit, and an AC to high voltage DC converter having
its output connected across said gas tube; said initiating means
being responsive to interruption of light for generating and
applying to said gas tube an electrical pulse effective to fire
said tube; said means for conducting light comprising a fiber optic
conduit positioned to receive light from said source of continuous
light and extending to a point within said gun, and further
comprising a fiber optic conduit commencing at a second point
within said gun spaced from said first point and effective to
conduct light from said second point to said initiating means.
7. In an optical target practice system, in combination:
a flashing light source responsive to an initiating signal for
generating a flash of light;
a target gun including a trigger mechanism and optical means for
receiving light from said flashing light source and transmitting it
in a selected direction;
a second light source; means for providing an initiating signal to
said flashing light source comprising an initiating signal
generating means responsive to alteration in flux from said second
light source to generate said initiating signal, and means for
conducting light from said second light source to said initiating
signal generating means; and
means responsive to actuation of said trigger mechanism for
altering the light flux passing through said means for conducting
light from said second source.
8. An optical target practice system, in combination:
a flashing source responsive to an alteration in light input flux
for providing a flash of light;
a target gun including an optical system for directing light
applied thereto in the direction in which said gun is pointed and
further comprising a trigger mechanism;
fiber optic means for transmitting light from said flashing light
source to said optical system of said target gun;
a second fiber optic system for transmitting light flux to an input
of said flashing light source; and
means actuated by said trigger mechanism for altering the light
flux supplied by said second fiber optic system to said flashing
light source.
9. In an optical target practice system, in combination:
a target gun including a trigger mechanism and optical means for
receiving light from a source and transmitting it in a direction
determined by the direction in which said target gun is
pointed;
a flashing light source responsive to an initiating signal to apply
a flash of light to said optical means of said gun;
initiating means responsive to abrupt alteration in light flux
quantity for applying an initiating signal to said flashing light
source;
a source of continuous light;
means for conducting light from said source of continuous light to
said gun and thence to said initiating means; and
light flux alteration means responsive to actuation of said trigger
mechanism for altering abruptly the light flux conducted from said
source of continuous light to said initiating means whereby a flash
of light is caused to be directed in the direction in which said
target gun is pointed.
Description
This invention relates to improvements in optical target practice
systems.
An object of the invention is to provide a reliable and safe target
practice system for installation in public amusement places. One of
its important objects is to provide a system which introduces no
increase in risk of harm to the user of the system, no matter how
he uses or misuses it. A related object is to provide a system
which requires minimum attention of an attendant and which will be
safe and effective and reliable in installation having no
attendant.
An initial increment of safety is provided in target systems by
dispensing with bullets and using light beams instead. For
practical reasons, the light must originate in the gun and be
directed toward the target. It must be confined to a narrow beam
and to a short time period. Because of these boundary conditions,
successful operation demands that a very high-intensity light
source be used. The flashing of a gas discharge tube provides an
adequate source of light. However, very high electrical voltages
are required to fire such tubes and this high potential is a source
of danger. It is an object of the invention to provide the
requisite high-intensity light flash within the gun without the
need to apply high electrical potentials to the gun. This object is
realized in part by the provision of an optical system in which
light of short duration and high intensity is generated externally
to the gun and is transported to the gun in a flexible optical
system from whence it can be "shot" toward the target. The light
source is initiated by actuation of the trigger mechanism of the
target gun. Alternative means may be employed for this purpose.
Thus, the trigger mechanism of the gun may be made to operate an
electric switch in a low-voltage electrical control circuit. Any
safety hazard in the use of such an electrical control is minimized
by restricting the system to low voltages. In another embodiment,
the one selected for illustration in the drawing, the light "shot"
is accomplished by a subsystem which includes a fiber optic network
for conveying light from a remote point to the gun and back. Means
actuated by the trigger mechanism of the gun alters light flow in
the control subsystem and the high-intensity flash "shot" is
initiated as a function of that alteration in light flow. In
connection with this embodiment, another object of the invention is
to provide a target practice system in which no electrical energy
is applied to the target gun.
Another object is to provide a system in which the electrical and
electronic functions of light generation, "shot" counting, on-off
switching (including any coin-operated switching) and integration
of the "shot" initiation and scoring functions are all accomplished
at a remote point out of harm's way.
A major advantage of the invention resides in the fact that the
target gun need only include optical and mechanical elements. The
result is increased ruggedness and reliability.
These and other objects of the invention will be apparent upon
examination of the following description of one embodiment of the
invention, it being understood that various modifications may be
made in the embodiment shown and that other embodiments are
possible without departing from the invention or the spirit of the
appended claims. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a side view in cross section of a target gun suitable for
use in target practice systems embodying the invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view, partly in cross section, of the target gun of
FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view, taken on line 3-3 of FIG. 2; and
FIG. 4 is a schematic of an optical target practice system
embodying the invention and incorporating the gun of FIG. 1.
Referring to FIG. 4 of the drawings there is shown a means for
generating a high-intensity flashing light which in this embodiment
comprises a three-terminal, high-intensity, gas flash tube 10. This
gas discharge flash tube, representative types of which are
numbered GE-151 and Kemlite UD6-T2, has a positive electrode 12 and
a negative electrode 14 and a starter electrode 16. High-voltage
direct current electrical energy is supplied to the tube 10 by
positive line 18 and negative line 20 from a high-voltage, DC,
power supply 22 labeled AC TO DC CONVERTER. Alternating current
input to unit 22 from AC supply lines 24 and 26 is stepped up in
voltage, rectified, and then filtered in unit 22. The tube is fired
to create a flash of light by applying a pulse of electrical energy
to a starter network which consists of an inductor 28 connected
from the starter electrode 16 to the negative terminal 14 and a
resistor 30 and capacitor 32 connected in series combination from
positive terminal 12 to negative terminal 14. The pulse signal is
applied by lines 34 and 36. Both of these lines originate at a
pulse generator 38. Line 34 is connected to the junction between
resistor 30 and capacitor 32. Line 36 is connected from the pulse
generator to a tap on the inductor 28.
The numeral 40 designates a means for conducting light from the
source to the gun. Advantageously, this means comprises, as shown,
an optical conductor comprising a bundle of elongate, light
conducting fibers. The fibers are enclosed together in a sheaf to
form a long flexible light conducting circuit called a "fiber optic
light conducting conduit" or "fiber optic conductor". The input end
40a of the fiber optic conductor 40 is fixed in position to receive
light flashes from the tube 10 and to conduct them to the other end
40b of the fiber optic conductor 40. End 40b is mounted within the
target gun 42 so that light emanating from the fiber optic
conductor 40 is directed by a beam 44 to a lens system 46 (which
here comprises a single lens) and thence by a beam 48 in the
direction in which the target pistol is pointed. In the drawing the
beam 48 is shown directed at a target at which is disposed a light
sensitive means for converting received light into electrical
signals. Here, a photocell 50 is disposed at the target and
electrical signals generated when high-intensity light flashes are
received by the photocell are transmitted by lines 52 to a score
unit 54. In the preferred form, the score unit comprises an optical
display system rendered responsive to receive electrical signals
from the solar cell 50 when the remainder of the system is
activated.
The pulse generator 38 is one of the elements in a subsystem for
generating the initiating pulse to the flasher tube 10. The
subsystem comprises a light source 60 in which power is supplied to
an incandescent lamp 62. Light from this lamp is introduced into
one end 64a of an optical fiber conductor 64 whose other end 64b is
fixed at one point within the target gun 42. Another fiber optic
conductor 66 is arranged to carry light from the target gun to an
external point where it is directed at a light-sensitive device
having an electrical output which serves as an input to the pulse
generator 38. More specifically, the input end 66a of the fiber
optic conductor 66 is disposed at a second point within the target
gun 42 spaced from said first point and oriented so that light
emanating from the end 64b of conductor 64 is directed into the
input end 66a of conductor 66. Light emanating from the other end
66b of the optical conductor 66 is directed, in the embodiment
selected for illustration, to a solar cell 68 whose electrical
output is connected by lines 70 to the input circuit of pulse
generator 38.
In a preferred form the pulse generator comprises a pulse
transformer a secondary winding of which comprises the pulse
generator output circuit. The primary winding of the transformer is
connected to semiconductor devices connected so that an electrical
signal, which changes the bias supplied to an initial one of them,
is differentiated by one of them and amplified by others of them
prior to application to the primary winding of the pulse
transformer. This description fits pulse generators well known in
the art and selection of a suitable pulse generator is well within
the skill of artisans in the art. Advantageously, the pulse
generator is of a type which provides an output pulse in response
to a significant change in the voltage drop across lines 70. This
means that the pulse generator will be effective to develop an
initiating pulse for the flash tube 10 whether the triggering
signal is developed as the sudden application of light to the solar
cell 68 or is developed as an interruption of light to solar cell
68.
The latter type of signal is preferred for a number of reasons
including the very important reason that it enables electronic
monitoring of continued operation of the incandescent lamp 62.
Accordingly in the preferred form of the invention selected for
illustration in the drawing, the triggering mechanism of the target
gun 42, which is generally designated 72 in FIG. 1, comprises a
vane 74 which momentarily interrupts the passage of light from
fiber optic conductor 64 to fiber optic conductor 66 when the
trigger 76 of the gun is pulled to "fire" the gun.
To enable a user to activate the system by insertion of a coin and
also to deactivate the system after a predetermined number of
flashes have been initiated or "shots" have been fired, the system
is provided with a coin-operated switch and counter unit 78. This
unit is interposed between external supply lines 80 and 82 and the
system AC source lines 24, 26 and 84. Signals indicative of the
generation of initiating signals in pulse generator 38 are applied
by a line 86 to the counter circuitry of the coin-operated switch
and counter 78.
In operation of the system, upon insertion of a coin or upon
operation by an attendant, the coin-operated switch and counter 78
applies alternating electrical power from supply lines 80 and 82 to
internal supply lines 84, 24 and 26. Incandescent lamp 62 in light
source 60 is illuminated and light from this lamp is transmitted
into and along the fiber optic conductor 64 to said first point of
the gun. There it eminates from the conductor and enters fiber
optic conductor 66 at said second point within the gun. This light
is transmitted along the fiber optic conductor 66 and eminated from
end 66b to impinge upon the solar cell 68. This provides an
electrical output which is applied by line 70 to an input in the
pulse generator 38. The pulse generator generates an initiating
pulse which is applied to line 86 to the counters in coin-operated
switch and counter 78 and is applied by lines 34 and 36 to the
firing circuit of the gas discharge tube 10. An arc discharge
through the xenon gas of this flash tube produces a very
high-intensity light flash which is received at the input end 40a
of the fiber optic conductor 40. Light is conducted along this
conductor to end 40b where it eminates and is directed to a lens
system 46 from which a beam 48 emerges in the direction in which
the target gun 42 is pointed. When, as shown in FIG. 1, the light
beam 48 impinges upon a solar cell 50 located at the target, an
electrical output signal is generated at the solar cell and is
conducted by lines 52 to a scorer unit 54. This unit 54 includes
means for indicating that the target has been struck by the light
beam 48.
A preferred form of trigger-actuated, light-interrupting mechanism
is shown in FIG. 1 of the drawings incorporated in a revolver-type
handgun. This gun comprises a frame including a barrel 90, a
revolver chamber section 92, a trigger guard 94 and a handle frame
section 96. The trigger mechanism 72 is conventional. It includes a
trigger 76 and a hammer 97 interconnected by a spring 98. Together
the trigger and hammer mechanism are arranged so that when the
trigger is squeezed the hammer is forced back, counterclockwise in
FIG. 1 until a trip point is reached. At this point spring 98 pulls
the hammer 97 forward to the position it is shown to have in FIG.
1. The mechanism is arranged so that the last portion of hammer
movement in the counterclockwise direction just prior to tripping
of the hammer, is accomplished rapidly regardless of the rate at
which the trigger is squeezed.
While this mechanism is advantageously employed because it is
conventional, other structural arrangements may be employed. It is
necessary only that some element within the gun be displaced
rapidly as the trigger is squeezed whether the trigger be squeezed
rapidly or slowly. That rapidly moving element is used to interrupt
the light traveling from conductor 64 to conductor 66. In FIG. 1
interruption is accomplished by vane 74 which is attached to lower
rear portion of the hammer 96. The vane 74 is disposed in a slot
formed in the plane of the direction of vane and hammer movement,
in a light conductor holder member 100. The holder comprises a
generally trapezoidal piece made from flat stock which is retained
in position by conformations on the inner surface of the handle
portion 96 of the revolver frame. Slots 102, formed in the forward
edge of holder 100 laterally of the holder from its bottom edge,
accommodate the ends 64b and 66a of the fiber optic conductors 64
and 66, respectively. After insertion and alignment of the
conductors the holder is deformed to hold the conductor ends firmly
within the slots 102. Thus arranged, light from conductor end 64b
is beamed across the slot and enters end 66a of conductor 66 unless
interrupted by the vane.
The three optical conductors 64, 66 and 40 are brought together
within the handle of the revolver in a structure 104 which
comprises the terminus of a sheath 106 which contains the fiber
optic conductors and extends with them to the electronic sections
of the system.
The end 40b of the fiber optic conductor 40 is housed in the
central bore of a plug 108. The plug is aligned in the initial
portion of the gun barrel 90 adjacent the revolver section 92 of
the frame. It is aligned with the barrel so that light eminating
from end 40b travels along the center line of the barrel and passes
through the center of the columinating lens 46. This lens is
disposed in the barrel normal to the direction of light travel and
to the axis of the barrel. The outer end of the barrel is recessed
to form an inner opening of larger diameter at the end of the
barrel and to form a shoulder upon which the margin of lens rests.
The lens is fixed in this position by a sleeve 110 which is pressed
into the end of the barrel against the outer margins of the lens.
FIG. 3 illustrates the axial alignment of the end 40b of the fiber
optical conductor and of the plug 108 with the gun barrel 90.
Although I have shown and described certain specific embodiments of
my invention I am fully aware that many modifications thereof are
possible. My invention, therefore, is not to be restricted except
insofar as is necessitated by the prior art and by the spirit of
the appended claims.
* * * * *