U.S. patent number 3,564,335 [Application Number 04/795,233] was granted by the patent office on 1971-02-16 for electrically conductive shoe cover.
This patent grant is currently assigned to American Hospital Supply Corporation. Invention is credited to Phillip M. Siegel.
United States Patent |
3,564,335 |
Siegel |
February 16, 1971 |
ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE SHOE COVER
Abstract
A plastic overshoe adapted to be worn by physicians and nurses
during surgery to electrically ground their bodies to a floor on
which they stand, so static electricity cannot build up and cause a
spark near explosive gases sometimes used in surgery. The overshoe
fits various shoe sizes and has two superimposed plastic panels
joined along their rear and bottom edges with a connecting web
across midportions of their top edges holding the panels together.
An electrically conductive plastic strip is sealed along a bottom
edge of one panel, which strip has an extending portion for tucking
into the wearer's shoe or stocking to make electrical contact with
his body. A series of these overshoes connected end to end are made
by die-cutting and heat-sealing portions of layflat tubular plastic
material.
Inventors: |
Siegel; Phillip M. (Los
Angeles, CA) |
Assignee: |
American Hospital Supply
Corporation (Evanston, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
25165071 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/795,233 |
Filed: |
January 30, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
361/223; 12/1R;
36/7.1R |
Current CPC
Class: |
A43B
3/163 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A43B
3/16 (20060101); H05f 003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;317/2.2 ;36/7.1,7.2,7.3
;12/142,1 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Miller; J. D.
Assistant Examiner: Moose, Jr.; Harry E.
Claims
I claim:
1. An electrically conductive overshoe adapted to fit various shoe
sizes, said overshoe comprising: a thermoplastic tube defining a
pair of superimposed integral panels each having top, bottom,
front, and rear edges, the top and bottom edges of the panels being
integrally secured together in a longitudinal direction of the
tube; said panels having portions adjacent their top edges cut away
to define a connecting web between the two panels and to form
separable top edges of the panels forwardly and rearwardly of the
web; the panels being permanently secured together at their rear
edges; and an electrically conductive strip secured along the
bottom edge of the overshoe and extending outwardly beyond the
overshoe's rear edge.
2. An electrically conductive overshoe as set forth in claim 1
wherein the panels are of an antistatic thermoplastic.
3. An electrically conductive overshoe as set forth in claim 2
wherein the antistatic thermoplastic panels are polyethylene.
4. An electrically conductive overshoe as set forth in claim 1
wherein rear edges of the panels are heat sealed together.
5. An electrically conductive overshoe as set forth in claim 1
wherein the panels are a homogeneous one-piece thermoplastic film
material which is folded to form the panels' bottom edges.
6. An electrically conductive overshoe as set forth in claim 1
wherein the electrically conductive strip is of polyethylene and
has a resistivity of between 50,000 and 200,000 ohms/linear
foot.
7. An electrically conductive overshoe as set forth in claim 1
wherein the overshoe panels have their front edges connected to
rear edges of a similar overshoe's panels, whereby a series of
overshoes can be connected end to end prior to use, said connected
front and rear panel edges having lines of severance between
them.
8. An electrically conductive overshoe as set forth in claim 7
wherein the lines of severance include a series of
perforations.
9. A method of making conductive overshoes from a roll of tubular
thermoplastic material which has two superimposed panels joined by
longitudinal top and bottom folds, said method including the steps
of: intermittently severing the material along the top fold leaving
longitudinally spaced connecting webs across the top fold
connecting the two panels; sealing the panels together between the
webs in a direction transverse to the top and bottom folds; forming
a line of severance adjacent each transverse seal so individual
shoes can be separated from the roll; and sealing an electrically
conductive thermoplastic strip to at least one of the panels
adjacent the bottom fold.
10. A method of making conductive overshoes as set forth in claim 9
wherein the method also includes the step of forming a series of
transverse perforations at each line of severance in an area near
where the panels are transversely sealed together so that the
overshoes can be torn from the roll of tubular thermoplastic
material as needed.
11. An electrically conductive overshoe adapted to fit various shoe
sizes, said overshoe comprising: a thermoplastic tube defining a
pair of superimposed integral panels each having top, bottom,
front, and rear edges, the top and bottom edges of the panels being
integrally secured together in a longitudinal direction of the
tube; said panels having portions adjacent the top edges cut away
to define a connecting web between the two panels and to form
separable top edges of the panels forwardly and rearwardly of the
web; said rear edges of the panels being permanently secured
together, whereby a wearer's foot and shoe can be inserted into a
pocket formed by the two panels between the web and rear edges, and
whereby at least portions of the panels between the web and front
edges can be pulled apart and folded back over the shoe, which
overshoe is adapted to be held in such position by a rubber band
around the wearer's instep; and an electrically conductive
thermoplastic strip sealed along a bottom edge of at least one
panel, said conductive strip extending outwardly beyond the rear
edge of the panel for conducting electricity from a body of the
wearer to a floor on which he stands.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an electrically conductive overshoe such
as those commonly worn by nurses and physicians during surgery.
These overshoes keep bacterial and other types of contamination
that might be on the wearer's shoes encased in the overshoe so it
does not contaminate the patient. The conductive feature of the
overshoe grounds the body of the physician or nurse so static
electricity generated by clothing rubbing together and by other
means does not cause a spark. A spark in a surgery room is
particularly dangerous because of explosive gases and oxygen which
are sometimes used during surgery.
In the past there have been conductive overshoes that kept
contamination of the wearer's shoes confined within the overshoes
and also provided an electrical grounding system for the wearer's
body. These prior overshoes were formed of two paper panels each in
the shape of a side silhouette of a large shoe. The two paper
panels were sewed together along their back, sole, toe and instep
edges. Their top edges were left unjoined so the physician or nurse
could insert his foot between the two panels. An electrically
conductive strip of material was sewed along a bottom edge of the
overshoe and an elongated portion of the strip which extended
behind the overshoe could be tucked into the wearer's sock or shoe
to make electrical contact with his body. Thus, the wearer's body
was grounded to the hospital floor when he was standing on the
conductive strip sewed to the bottom edge of the overshoe.
These previous conductive overshoes, however, had several
disadvantages. First, the overshoes were made of paper and were not
waterproof. When they became wet either by the wearer stepping in
liquid on the floor or from liquid spilling from the operating
table, the overshoes could easily tear because the wet strength of
the paper was low. Another disadvantage of these prior overshoes
was the expensive and tedious sewing process needed to join the two
panels together. Since the overshoes were discarded after a single
use to minimize operating room contamination, it was important to
keep the manufacturing cost as low as possible. If plastic panels
could be used instead of paper, the panels could be very
economically joined by heat sealing the edges together and this
would eliminate the laborious sewing step.
Plastic panels were not suitable for use in the prior overshoe
construction described above. This was because the plastic panels
were not as porous as paper and the wearer's foot would become hot
when perspiration could not evaporate. In order to make plastic
panels feasible in a conductive overshoe, I have invented an
entirely new overshoe construction.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The overshoe of this invention encases the wearer's shoe and is
waterproof, keeping the shoe protected from liquid on the floor and
from liquid spilled from the operating table. Also, there is no
need to sew panels together in the present invention. Instead, my
overshoe is made by die cutting segments from tubular plastic film,
heat sealing portions of the tubular film together, and heat
sealing a plastic conductive strip to a sole of the overshoe. The
overshoe which is made from a roll of tubular film material is
connected end to end with a series of other overshoes. Each
overshoe is separated from an adjacent overshoe by a transverse
perforated tear line so the overshoes can be dispensed from the
roll as needed in much the same way as toilet tissue.
It will be easier to understand my invention with reference to the
attached drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of the overshoe;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the overshoe showing the
wearer donning the overshoe;
FIG. 3 is a side elevational view showing the overshoe after it has
been donned by the wearer;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6-6 of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 7 is a side elevational view of a series of overshoes
connected end to end.
Referring to the drawings, the overshoe is comprised of a pair of
superimposed flat thermoplastic panels 1 and 2, each of which has a
general rectangular shape except for a convexly rounded corner 3 as
shown in the upper left of FIG. 1. These two panels are permanently
joined together along their bottom edges 4 and 5 and their rear
edges 6 and 7. Midportions of the panels' upper edges are
permanently connected by a web 8, and this web fits across a
wearer's instep to hold the panels in position around the wearer's
foot.
One of the panels has an electrically conductive strip 9 of a
thermoplastic, such as polyethylene having 50,000 to 200,000
ohm/linear foot resistance sealed to this panel along a bottom edge
thereof. This conductive strip extends outwardly beyond rear edges
of the panels and can be tucked into the shoe of the wearer. The
conductive strip can go either between the foot and stocking or
between the stocking and shoe, the latter of which is generally
used by nurses who wear long stockings. In either case, electrical
contact is established with the wearer's body because foot
perspiration will carry electricity through the stocking to the
conductive strip. As shown in FIG. 3, this conductive strip
connects the wearer's body to the floor on which he stands so
static electricity can be dissipated to the electrically grounded
floor.
The overshoe comprised of the two panels 1 and 2, web 8 and
conductive strip 9 is adapted to fit various shoe sizes and is put
on the wearer's shoe in the following manner. First, the two panels
are separated along their top edges 12 and 13 between the web and
rear edges of the panels so the panels can form a pocket for the
shoe. After inserting the shoe in this pocket, the wearer pulls the
overshoe forward so the heel of his shoe is next to rear edges 6
and 7 of the panels. Now he puts the extending end of the
conductive strip inside either his shoe or stocking. After this is
done, he pulls apart the top edges 10 and 11 of the panels and
folds a forward portion 14 of the overshoe back over the shoe.
Finally, he puts a rubber band 15 around the instep of his shoe to
hold the overshoe in this position, as shown in FIG. 3. Now, the
wearer's body is electrically grounded to the floor on which he
stands.
As shown in FIG. 3, the waterproof thermoplastic material of the
overshoe underneath the shoe sole protects it from water on the
floor. Also, the forward portion 14 which is folded back over the
shoe protects the shoe from liquid that might be spilled from the
operating table. The folded-back forward portion 14 overlaps other
portions of the panels so that any liquid dropping on the overshoe
from above will not enter the shoe. Even though the overshoe
encases the shoe and protects it from liquid, it does provide for
ventilation to the wearer's shoe and foot. As shown in FIG. 3, air
can enter at 16 between the folded-back forward portion 14 and
other portions of the panels and flow along a tortuous path to the
shoe and foot.
The structure of the overshoe described above allows for a very
simple and inexpensive manufacturing process. The overshoe is made
from a roll of antistatic layflat tubular thermoplastic material
such as polyethylene. The walls of the tubular material are
flattened, thus forming two superimposed walls or panels which are
connected by a top fold (web 8) and a bottom fold 17, as shown in
FIG. 5. Thus, the panels begin as homogeneous portions of a
one-piece thermoplastic tube. To make a series of overshoes from a
length of tubular material, intermittent portions from the top fold
are cut away, leaving intermittent connecting webs 18, 19 and 20.
In between these webs transverse heat seals 21, 22 and 23 are made
which join together rear edges of a particular overshoe.
Immediately rearward of this heat seal is formed a series of
transverse perforations 24, 25 and 26 to form a line of severance
between adjacent overshoes. Finally, conductive strips such as 27,
30 and 31 are heat sealed along a bottom edge of one panel of each
overshoe.
The series of overshoes in end-to-end relationship connected by
transverse perforations is best shown in FIG. 7. These overshoes
can be rolled on a mandrel and shipped to a hospital. When nurses
and physicians prepare for surgery they simply pull an overshoe off
the roll and tear it along the perforations in much the same way as
toilet tissue. If desired, a rubber band 28 may be temporarily
taped to each shoe or there may be a box of rubber bands located
next to the roll of overshoes.
The overshoes described above are an improvement over previous
sewed paper overshoes because the present overshoes are waterproof
while providing ventilation, can be manufactured by simple die
cutting and heat sealing process, and can be dispensed from a roll.
Although the overshoes are preferably made of a thermoplastic
material, the construction including the web permanently connecting
the panels and the end-to-end perforation connection of several
overshoes, would provide advantages to overshoes made of other
materials.
I have used specific examples to explain my invention. However, it
is understood that persons skilled in the art can make certain
modifications to this embodiment without departing from the spirit
and scope of the invention.
* * * * *