U.S. patent number 11,451,328 [Application Number 16/998,510] was granted by the patent office on 2022-09-20 for method for determining slot format of user equipment in wireless communication system and user equipment using the same.
This patent grant is currently assigned to LG Electronics Inc.. The grantee listed for this patent is LG Electronics Inc.. Invention is credited to Soonki Jo, Yunjung Yi.
United States Patent |
11,451,328 |
Jo , et al. |
September 20, 2022 |
Method for determining slot format of user equipment in wireless
communication system and user equipment using the same
Abstract
A method of determining a slot format in a wireless
communication system, where the method is performed by a user
equipment (UE) and includes: receiving, from a network, slot format
information informing a first slot format for a plurality of normal
symbols that are arranged within a period of time, wherein each of
the plurality of normal symbols includes a normal cyclic prefix
(CP). The method further includes: based on the received slot
format information informing the first slot format, determining a
second slot format for a plurality of extended symbols that are
arranged within the period of time, wherein each of the plurality
of extended symbols includes an extended CP.
Inventors: |
Jo; Soonki (Seoul,
KR), Yi; Yunjung (Seoul, KR) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
LG Electronics Inc. |
Seoul |
N/A |
KR |
|
|
Assignee: |
LG Electronics Inc. (Seoul,
KR)
|
Family
ID: |
1000006573376 |
Appl.
No.: |
16/998,510 |
Filed: |
August 20, 2020 |
Prior Publication Data
|
|
|
|
Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20200382237 A1 |
Dec 3, 2020 |
|
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
16378016 |
Apr 8, 2019 |
10778368 |
|
|
|
62653569 |
Apr 6, 2018 |
|
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04L
5/0094 (20130101); H04L 27/2607 (20130101); H04W
76/27 (20180201); H04L 1/003 (20130101); H04W
72/0446 (20130101); H04W 88/023 (20130101); H04L
5/0007 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04W
56/00 (20090101); H04L 1/00 (20060101); H04L
27/26 (20060101); H04W 76/27 (20180101); H04W
88/02 (20090101); H04W 72/04 (20090101); H04L
5/00 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;370/329 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
Huawei, HiSilicon, "Discussion and TP on slot format for ECP",
R1-1802702, 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #92, Athens, Greece, Feb.
26-Mar. 2, 2018, 8 pages. cited by applicant .
LG Electronics, "Multiplexing NCP and ECP", R1-1710358, 3GPP TSG
RAN WG1 Meeting Ad-Hoc, Qingdao, P.R. China, Jun. 27-30, 2017, 5
pages. cited by applicant .
PCT International Search Report in International Patent Application
No. PCT/KR2019/004162, dated Jul. 16, 2019, 3 pages. cited by
applicant .
Qualcomm Incorporated, "Offline discussion summary on remaining
issues on GC-PDCCH carrying SFI", R1-1803498, 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 #92,
Athens, Greece, Feb. 26-Mar. 2, 2018, 9 pages. cited by applicant
.
WILUS Inc., "Remaining issues on group-common PDCCH for NR",
R2-1802934, 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #92, Athens, Greece, Feb.
26-Mar. 2, 2018, 5 pages. cited by applicant.
|
Primary Examiner: Chan; Sai Ming
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Fish & Richardson P.C.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.
16/378,016, filed on Apr. 8, 2019, which claims the benefit
pursuant to 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 119(e) of an earlier filing date and
right of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/653,569,
filed on Apr. 6, 2018, the contents of which are all hereby
incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method for determining a slot format in a wireless
communication system, the method performed by a user equipment (UE)
and comprising: receiving, from a network, slot format information
informing a first slot format for a plurality of normal symbols in
a time duration, wherein each of the plurality of normal symbols
includes a normal cyclic prefix (CP), and determining a second slot
format for a plurality of extended symbols in the time duration
based on the slot format information, wherein each of the plurality
of extended symbols includes an extended CP, wherein a first
subcarrier spacing (SCS) for the plurality of normal symbols is
smaller than a second SCS for the plurality of extended symbols,
where each of the plurality of normal symbol is longer than each of
the plurality of extended symbols in a time domain, wherein based
on an extended symbol of the plurality of extended symbols being
overlapped with two normal symbols of the plurality of normal
symbols in a time domain, the extended symbol is determined as a
downlink symbol, an uplink symbol or a flexible symbol based on
each of the two normal symbols being a downlink symbol, an uplink
symbol or a flexible symbol, wherein based on the extended symbol
being overlapped with a first normal symbol which is the downlink
symbol and a second normal symbol which is the uplink symbol in a
time domain, the extended symbol is determined as the flexible
symbol, and wherein based on a specific extended symbol of the
plurality of extended symbols being totally included in a normal
symbol of the plurality of normal symbols in a time domain, a
symbol type of the specific extended symbol is determined as a
symbol type of the normal symbol.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first slot format informs
that each of the plurality of normal symbols is the downlink
symbol, the uplink symbol or the flexible symbol.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second slot format informs
that each of the plurality of extended symbols is the downlink
symbol, the uplink symbol or the flexible symbol.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein based on both of the two normal
symbols being the downlink symbol, the uplink symbol or the
flexible symbol, the extended symbol is determines as the downlink
symbol, the uplink symbol or the flexible symbol.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein based on at least one of the two
normal symbols being the flexible symbol, the flexible symbol is
determined as the flexible symbol.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first slot format is one of a
plurality of predetermined first slot formats.
7. A user equipment (UE), comprising: a transceiver; and at least
one processor, and at least one computer memory operably
connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions
that, when executed by the at least one processor, perform
operations comprising: receiving, from a network, slot format
information informing a first slot format for a plurality of normal
symbols in a time duration, wherein each of the plurality of normal
symbols includes a normal cyclic prefix (CP), and determining a
second slot format for a plurality of extended symbols in the time
duration based on the slot format information, wherein each of the
plurality of extended symbols includes an extended CP, wherein a
first subcarrier spacing (SCS) for the plurality of normal symbols
is smaller than a second SCS for the plurality of extended symbols,
where each of the plurality of normal symbol is longer than each of
the plurality of extended symbols in a time domain, wherein based
on an extended symbol of the plurality of extended symbols being
overlapped with two normal symbols of the plurality of normal
symbols in a time domain, the extended symbol is determined as a
downlink symbol, an uplink symbol or a flexible symbol based on
each of the two normal symbols being a downlink symbol, an uplink
symbol or a flexible symbol, wherein based on the extended symbol
being overlapped with a first normal symbol which is the downlink
symbol and a second normal symbol which is the uplink symbol in a
time domain, the extended symbol is determined as the flexible
symbol, and wherein based on a specific extended symbol of the
plurality of extended symbols being totally included in a normal
symbol of the plurality of normal symbols in a time domain, a
symbol type of the specific extended symbol is determined as a
symbol type of the normal symbol.
8. The UE of claim 7, wherein the first slot format informs that
each of the plurality of normal symbols is the downlink symbol, the
uplink symbol or the flexible symbol.
9. The UE of claim 7, wherein the second slot format informs that
each of the plurality of extended symbols is the downlink symbol,
the uplink symbol or the flexible symbol.
10. The UE of claim 7, wherein based on both of the two normal
symbols being the downlink symbol, the uplink symbol or the
flexible symbol, the extended symbol is determines as the downlink
symbol, the uplink symbol or the flexible symbol.
11. The UE of claim 7, wherein based on at least one of the two
normal symbols being the flexible symbol, the flexible symbol is
determined as the flexible symbol.
12. The UE of claim 7, wherein the first slot format is one of a
plurality of predetermined first slot formats.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
This disclosure generally relates to wireless communication.
BACKGROUND
As more communication devices utilize greater communication
capacity, there is a need for improved mobile broadband
communication over existing radio access technology. Also, massive
machine type communications (MTC), which provides various services
by connecting many devices and objects, is one of the major issues
to be considered in the next generation communication. In addition,
communication system design considering reliability/latency
sensitive service/UE is being discussed. The introduction of next
generation radio access technology considering enhanced mobile
broadband communication (eMBB), massive MTC (mMTC), ultrareliable
and low latency communication (URLLC) is discussed. This new
technology may be called new radio access technology (new RAT or
NR) in the present disclosure for convenience.
SUMMARY
Implementations are disclosed that enable determining a slot format
for wireless communications.
One general aspect of the present disclosure includes a method of
determining a slot format in a wireless communication system, the
method performed by a user equipment (UE) and including: receiving,
from a network, slot format information informing a first slot
format for a plurality of normal symbols that are arranged within a
period of time, where each of the plurality of normal symbols
includes a normal cyclic prefix (CP). The method also includes
based on the received slot format information informing the first
slot format, determining a second slot format for a plurality of
extended symbols that are arranged within the period of time, where
each of the plurality of extended symbols includes an extended CP.
Other embodiments of this aspect include corresponding computer
systems, apparatus, and computer programs recorded on one or more
computer storage devices, each configured to perform the actions of
the methods.
Implementations may include one or more of the following features.
The method where the first slot format informs that each of the
plurality of normal symbols is a downlink symbol type, an uplink
symbol type, or a flexible symbol type. The method where the second
slot format informs that each of the plurality of extended symbols
is a downlink symbol type, an uplink symbol type, or a flexible
symbol type. The method where determining the second slot format
for the plurality of extended symbols, based on the received slot
format information informing the first slot format, includes: in a
state in which an extended symbol, among the plurality of extended
symbols, overlaps in time with at least one normal symbol among the
plurality of normal symbols, determining the extended symbol as a
downlink symbol type, an uplink symbol type, or a flexible symbol
type, based on whether the at least one normal symbol is the
downlink symbol type, the uplink symbol type, or the flexible
symbol type. The method where determining the extended symbol as
the downlink symbol type, the uplink symbol type, or the flexible
symbol type, based on whether the at least one normal symbol is the
downlink symbol type, the uplink symbol type, or the flexible
symbol type includes: based on the at least one normal symbol all
being the uplink symbol type, all being the downlink symbol type,
or all being the flexible symbol type, determining the extended
symbol that overlaps the at least one normal symbol to be the
uplink symbol type, the downlink symbol type, or the flexible
symbol type, respectively, corresponding to the at least one normal
symbol. The method where determining the extended symbol as the
downlink symbol type, the uplink symbol type, or the flexible
symbol type, based on whether the at least one normal symbol is the
downlink symbol type, the uplink symbol type, or the flexible
symbol type includes: based on the at least one normal symbol
including the flexible symbol type, determining the extended symbol
that overlaps the at least one normal symbol to be the flexible
symbol type. The method where determining the extended symbol as
the downlink symbol type, the uplink symbol type, or the flexible
symbol type, based on whether the at least one normal symbol is the
downlink symbol type, the uplink symbol type, or the flexible
symbol type includes: based on the at least one normal symbol
including both the uplink symbol type and the downlink symbol type,
determining the extended symbol that overlaps the at least one
normal symbol to be the flexible symbol type. The method where
based on a type of CP for downlink being different from a type of
CP for uplink, only the second slot format for the uplink or the
downlink with the extended CP is determined. The method where a
reference subcarrier spacing (SCS) related to the plurality of
normal symbols is equal to a reference SCS related to the plurality
of extended symbols. The method where a reference SCS related to
the plurality of normal symbols is smaller than a reference SCS
related to the plurality of extended symbols, and where determining
the second slot format for the plurality of extended symbols, based
on the received slot format information informing the first slot
format, includes: based on at least one extended symbol being
included within a duration of a normal symbol, determining the at
least one extended symbol to be of a same symbol type as the
including normal symbol. The method where the first slot format is
one of a plurality of first slot formats. Implementations of the
described techniques may include hardware, a method or process, or
computer software on a computer-accessible medium.
Another general aspect of the present disclosure includes a user
equipment (UE), including: a transceiver. The user equipment also
includes at least one processor, and at least one computer memory
operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing
instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor,
perform operations including: receiving, through the transceiver
and from a network, slot format information informing a first slot
format for a plurality of normal symbols that are arranged within a
period of time, where each of the plurality of normal symbols
includes a normal cyclic prefix (CP). The operations also include:
based on the received slot format information informing the first
slot format, determining a second slot format for a plurality of
extended symbols that are arranged within the period of time, where
each of the plurality of extended symbols includes an extended CP.
Other embodiments of this aspect include corresponding computer
systems, apparatus, and computer programs recorded on one or more
computer storage devices, each configured to perform the actions of
the methods.
Another general aspect of the present disclosure includes at least
one computer-readable storage media storing instructions that, when
executed by at least one processor, perform operations including:
receiving, from a network, slot format information informing a
first slot format for a plurality of normal symbols that are
arranged within a period of time, where each of the plurality of
normal symbols includes a normal cyclic prefix (CP). The operations
also include: based on the received slot format information
informing the first slot format, determining a second slot format
for a plurality of extended symbols that are arranged within the
period of time, where each of the plurality of extended symbols
includes an extended CP.
Other embodiments of this aspect include corresponding computer
systems, apparatus, and computer programs recorded on one or more
computer storage devices, each configured to perform the actions of
the methods.
All or part of the features described throughout this application
can be implemented as a computer program product including
instructions that are stored on one or more non-transitory
machine-readable storage media, and that are executable on one or
more processing devices. All or part of the features described
throughout this application can be implemented as an apparatus,
method, or electronic system that can include one or more
processing devices and memory to store executable instructions to
implement the stated functions.
The details of one or more implementations of the subject matter of
this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the
description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the
subject matter will become apparent from the description, the
drawings, and the claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communication system
according to some implementations of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a wireless protocol
architecture for a user plane;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a wireless protocol
architecture for a control plane;
FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a system structure of a next
generation radio access network (NG-RAN) according to some
implementations of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a functional division that may be
implemented between an NG-RAN and a 5G core(5GC);
FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a frame structure according to
some implementations of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a control resource set (CORESET)
according to some implementations of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a comparison between
a control region that may be implemented in some communication
systems, and a CORESET that may be implemented in some
communication systems;
FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a frame structure according to
some implementations of the present disclosure;
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of hybrid beamforming
from the viewpoint of TXRUs and physical antennas;
FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a beam sweeping operation for a
synchronization signal and system information in a downlink (DL)
transmission procedure;
FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a slot having a normal cyclic
prefix (CP) and a slot having an extended CP;
FIG. 13 is a flow chart illustrating an example of determining a
slot format of a user equipment (UE) according to some
implementations of the present disclosure;
FIG. 14 illustrates an example of determining a slot format of a
user equipment (UE) according to some implementations of the
present disclosure;
FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a slot structure corresponding to
a case where a reference SCS of an ECP is 2 times larger than a
reference SCS of an NCP;
FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a slot structure corresponding to
a case where a reference SCS of an NCP is 2 times larger than a
reference SCS of an ECP;
FIG. 17 is a flow chart showing an example of determining a slot
format of a user equipment (UE) according to some implementations
of the present disclosure;
FIG. 18 illustrates an example of an RRC configuration of a
semi-static D/U assignment that merges two cycle periods, according
to some implementations of the present disclosure;
FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing an example of components of a
transmitting device and a receiving device according to some
implementations of the present disclosure;
FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a signal processing module
structure in a transmitting device, according to some
implementations of the present disclosure;
FIG. 21 illustrates another example of a signal processing module
structure in a transmitting device, according to some
implementations of the present disclosure; and
FIG. 22 illustrates an example of a wireless communication device
according to some implementations of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Implementations are disclosed herein that enable determining a slot
format of a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication
system.
According to some implementations of the present disclosure, a
resource direction (e.g., uplink, downlink, and so on) may be
configured per symbol, in a time domain. In the frequency domain, a
plurality of subcarrier spacings may be implemented. In some
scenarios, a time-based length of one symbol may vary in accordance
with the subcarrier spacing. For example, larger subcarrier spacing
may generally correspond to shorter symbol durations, and smaller
subcarrier spacing may generally correspond to longer symbol
durations. However, even for symbols having the same subcarrier
spacing, the duration of the symbols may vary in accordance with
type of a cyclic prefix (CP) that is included in the symbols. In
particular, a symbol may include a normal CP (NCP) or an extended
CP (ECP).
In some scenarios, a UE may receive configuration information for
resource directions (e.g., uplink, downlink, etc.) based on a NCP,
but the UE may actually be configured for ECP. In such scenarios,
problems may arise if the NCP symbol duration is different from the
ECP symbol duration.
Implementations are disclosed herein that enable a UE to determine
resource directions (e.g., uplink, downlink, etc.) for ECP symbols
based on resource direction configuration information for NCP
symbols.
In some scenarios, flexibility may be an important design
consideration for supporting various services in a wireless
communication system. Characteristically, when naming a scheduling
unit as a slot, a structure in which any slot may be dynamically
changed to a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission
slot (hereinafter, DL slot) or a physical uplink shared channel
(PUSCH) transmission slot (hereinafter, UL slot) will be supported.
Here, PDSCH is a physical channel for transmitting DL data and
PUSCH is a physical channel for transmitting UL data. Hereinafter,
the structure may be referred to as a dynamic DL/UL configuration.
When the dynamic DL/UL configuration is supported in the NR system,
a physical channel PUCCH transmitting hybrid automatic repeat
request-acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) information for the PDSCH
scheduled in the DL slot and/or UL control information such as
channel state information (CSI) can be transmitted in an area where
UL transmission is possible.
FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communication system
according to some implementations of the present disclosure. In
some scenarios, the wireless communication system may be compatible
with one or more technical standards. For example, in some
scenarios, the wireless communication system in FIG. 1 may be
referred to as an Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
(E-UTRAN) or a Long Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE-A system.
In this example, the E-UTRAN includes at least one base station
(BS) 20 which provides a control plane and a user plane to a user
equipment (UE) 10. The UE 10 may be fixed or mobile, and may be
referred to by another terminology, such as a mobile station (MS),
a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile terminal
(MT), a wireless device, etc. The BS 20 is generally a fixed
station that communicates with the UE 10 and may be referred to by
another terminology, such as an evolved node-B (eNB), a base
transceiver system (BTS), an access point, etc.
The BSs 20 may be interconnected by an interface, such as an X2
interface. The BSs 20 may also be connected by an interface, such
as an S1 interface, to an evolved packet core (EPC) 30. For
example, in some implementations, the BSs 20 may be connected to a
mobility management entity (MME) through an interface, such as an
S1-MME interface, and to a serving gateway (S-GW) through another
interface, such as an S1-U interface.
In some implementations, the EPC 30 includes an MME, an S-GW, and a
packet data network-gateway (P-GW). The MME has access information
of the UE or capability information of the UE, and such information
is generally used for mobility management of the UE. The S-GW is a
gateway having an E-UTRAN as an end point. The P-GW is a gateway
having a PDN as an end point.
A radio interface protocol may be implemented between the UE and
the network. Layers of the radio interface protocol between the UE
and the network may be classified into a first layer (L1), a second
layer (L2), and a third layer (L3), for example, based on the lower
three layers of the open system interconnection (OSI) model. Among
these, a physical (PHY) layer belonging to the first layer provides
an information transfer service by using a physical channel, and a
radio resource control (RRC) layer belonging to the third layer
serves to control a radio resource between the UE and the network.
In some implementations, the RRC layer exchanges an RRC message
between the UE and the BS.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a wireless protocol
architecture for a user plane. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an
example of a wireless protocol architecture for a control plane.
The user plane is a protocol stack for user data transmission. The
control plane is a protocol stack for control signal
transmission.
Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, a PHY layer provides an upper layer
with an information transfer service through a physical channel.
The PHY layer is connected to a medium access control (MAC) layer,
which is an upper layer of the PHY layer, through a transport
channel. Data is transferred between the MAC layer and the PHY
layer through the transport channel. The transport channel may be
classified according to how and with what characteristics data is
transferred through a radio interface.
Data is transferred between different PHY layers, for example,
between PHY layers of a transmitter and a receiver, through a
physical channel. The physical channel may be modulated according
to a suitable modulation techniques, e.g., Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing (OFDM), using time and frequency as radio
resources.
The functions of the MAC layer include, for example, mapping
between a logical channel and a transport channel and multiplexing
and demultiplexing to a transport block that is provided through a
physical channel on the transport channel of a MAC Service Data
Unit (SDU) that belongs to a logical channel. The MAC layer
provides service to a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer through the
logical channel.
The functions of the RLC layer include, for example, concatenation,
segmentation, and reassembly of an RLC SDU. In some scenarios, to
guarantee various types of Quality of Service (QoS) required by a
Radio Bearer (RB), the RLC layer provides three types of operation
modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and
Acknowledged Mode (AM). Among these, in some implementations, AM
RLC provides error correction through an Automatic Repeat Request
(ARQ).
The RRC layer is defined only on the control plane, according to
some implementations. The RRC layer is related to, for example, the
configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers, and
is responsible for control of logical channels, transport channels,
and PHY channels. An RB is a logical route that is provided by the
first layer (PHY layer) and the second layers (MAC layer, the RLC
layer, and the PDCP layer) in order to transfer data between UE and
a network.
The function of a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer on
the user plane includes, for example, the transfer of user data and
header compression and ciphering. The function of the PDCP layer on
the user plane further includes, for example, the transfer and
encryption/integrity protection of control plane data.
The process of configuring an RB may include defining the
characteristics of a wireless protocol layer and channels in order
to provide specific service and configuring each detailed parameter
and operating method. An RB may be, for example, a Signaling RB
(SRB) or a Data RB (DRB). The SRB is used as a passage through
which an RRC message is transmitted on the control plane, and the
DRB is used as a passage through which user data is transmitted on
the user plane.
If an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of UE and
the RRC layer of an E-UTRAN, then the UE is referred to as being in
the "RRC connected state." If not, the UE is referred to as being
in the "RRC idle state."
A downlink transport channel through which data is transmitted from
a network to UE includes, for example, a broadcast channel (BCH)
through which system information is transmitted and a downlink
shared channel (SCH) through which user traffic or control messages
are transmitted. Traffic or a control message for downlink
multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the
downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through an additional downlink
multicast channel (MCH). In some implementations, an uplink
transport channel through which data is transmitted from UE to a
network includes, for example, a random access channel (RACH)
through which an initial control message is transmitted and an
uplink shared channel (SCH) through which user traffic or control
messages are transmitted.
Logical channels that are implemented over the transport channel,
and that are mapped to the transport channel, include, for example,
a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel
(PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control
channel (MCCH), and a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).
The physical channel includes several symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols)
in the time domain and several subcarriers in the frequency domain.
One subframe includes a plurality of OFDM symbols in the time
domain. An RB is a unit of resource allocation for the
communication system, and includes a plurality of OFDM symbols in
the time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency
domain. In some implementations, for each subframe, specific
subcarriers of specific OFDM symbols (e.g., the first OFDM symbol)
of the corresponding subframe may be allocated for a physical
downlink control channel (PDCCH), e.g., an L1/L2 control channel. A
Transmission Time Interval (TTI) is a unit of time for a single
subframe transmission.
FIG. 4 illustrates a system structure of a next generation radio
access network (NG-RAN) according to some implementations of the
present disclosure.
Referring to the example of FIG. 4, the NG-RAN may include a gNB
and/or an eNB that provides user plane and control plane protocol
termination to a terminal. The example of FIG. 4 illustrates the
case of including only gNBs, but implementations are not limited
thereto. The gNB and the eNB are connected by an interface, such as
an Xn interface. The gNB and the eNB are connected to a 5G core
network (5GC) via an interface, such as an NG interface. In some
implementations, the gNB and the eNB are connected to an access and
mobility management function (AMF) via an interface, such as an
NG-C interface, and are connected to a user plane function (UPF)
via another interface, such as an NG-U interface.
FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a functional division that may be
implemented between an NG-RAN and a 5GC.
According to some implementations, the gNB may provide functions
such as an inter-cell radio resource management (Inter Cell RRM),
radio bearer management (RB control), connection mobility control,
radio admission control, measurement configuration & provision,
dynamic resource allocation, and the like. The AMF may provide
functions such as NAS security, idle state mobility handling, and
so on. The UPF may provide functions such as mobility anchoring,
PDU processing, and the like. The SMF may provide functions such as
UE IP address assignment, PDU session control, and so on.
FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a frame structure according to
some implementations of the present disclosure. For example, the
frame structure of FIG. 6 may be utilized in implementations that
are compatible with NR.
Referring to the example of FIG. 6, a frame may be composed of 10
milliseconds (ms) and include 10 subframes each composed of 1
ms.
One or a plurality of slots may be included in a subframe according
to subcarrier spacings.
The following Table 1 illustrates an example of a subcarrier
spacing configuration .mu..
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 .mu. .DELTA.f = 2.sup..mu. 15[kHz] Cyclic
prefix 0 15 Normal 1 30 Normal 2 60 Normal, Extended 3 120 Normal 4
240 Normal
The following Table 2 illustrates an example of the number of slots
in a frame (N.sup.frame,.mu..sub.slot), the number of slots in a
subframe (N.sup.subframe,.mu..sub.slot), the number of symbols in a
slot (N.sup.slot.sub.symb), and the like, according to subcarrier
spacing configurations .mu..
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 .mu. N.sub.symb.sup.slot
N.sub.slot.sup.frame, .mu. N.sub.slot.sup.subframe, .mu. 0 14 10 1
1 14 20 2 2 14 40 4 3 14 80 8 4 14 160 16
In FIG. 6, the example of subcarrier spacing .mu.=0, 1, 2 is
illustrated.
A physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) may include one or more
control channel elements (CCEs) as illustrated in the example shown
in the following Table 3.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Aggregation level Number of CCEs 1 1 2 2 4 4
8 8 16 16
As shown in this example, the PDCCH may be transmitted through a
resource including 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs. Here, the CCE includes
six resource element groups (REGs), and one REG includes one
resource block in a frequency domain and one orthogonal frequency
division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in a time domain.
In some implementations, a resource unit called a control resource
set (CORESET) may be introduced. The terminal may receive the PDCCH
in the CORESET.
FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a CORESET according to some
implementations of the present disclosure.
Referring to FIG. 7, the CORESET includes N.sup.CORESET.sub.RB
number of resource blocks in the frequency domain, and
N.sup.CORESET.sub.symb .di-elect cons.{1, 2, 3} number of symbols
in the time domain. N.sup.CORESET.sub.RB and N.sup.CORESET.sub.symb
may be provided, for example, by a base station via higher layer
signaling. As illustrated in FIG. 7, a plurality of CCEs (or REGs)
may be included in the CORESET.
The UE may attempt to detect a PDCCH in units of 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16
CCEs in the CORESET. One or a plurality of CCEs in which PDCCH
detection may be attempted may be referred to as PDCCH
candidates.
A plurality of CORESETs may be configured for the terminal.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a comparison between
a control region that may be implemented in some communication
systems, and a CORESET that may be implemented in some
communication systems.
Referring to the example of FIG. 8, a control region 800 in some
wireless communication systems (e.g., systems compatible with
LTE/LTE-A) is configured over the entire system band used by a base
station (BS). Therefore, in such systems, all the terminals,
excluding some (e.g., eMTC/NB-IoT terminal) that support only a
narrow band, must be able to receive wireless signals on the entire
system band of the BS, in order to properly receive/decode control
information transmitted by the BS.
On the other hand, in some communication systems (e.g., systems
that are compatible with NR), a CORESET may be implemented, as
described above. In the example of FIG. 8, CORESETs 801, 802, and
803 are radio resources for control information to be received by
the terminal. Each of the CORESETS 801, 802, and 803 may use only a
portion of the system bandwidth, rather than each using the
entirety of the system bandwidth. The BS may allocate a particular
CORESET to each UE and may transmit control information through the
allocated CORESET. For example, in FIG. 8, a first CORESET 801 may
be allocated to UE 1, a second CORESET 802 may be allocated to UE
2, and a third CORESET 803 may be allocated to UE 3. As such, a
terminal may receive control information from the BS without
necessarily receiving the entire system band.
In some implementations of the present disclosure, a CORESET may be
implemented that includes (i) a UE-specific CORESET for
transmitting UE-specific control information and (ii) a common
CORESET for transmitting control information common to all UEs.
In some scenarios, a wireless communication system may be
implemented for applications that require high reliability. In such
a situation, a target block error rate (BLER) for downlink control
information (DCI) transmitted through a downlink control channel
(e.g., physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)) may remarkably
decrease compared to those of conventional technologies. As an
example of a method for satisfying requirement that requires high
reliability, content included in DCI can be reduced and/or the
amount of resources used for DCI transmission can be increased.
Here, resources can include at least one of resources in the time
domain, resources in the frequency domain, resources in the code
domain and resources in the spatial domain.
In some implementations of the present disclosure, the following
technologies/features can be applied. These technologies/features
may be compliant with NR.
Self-Contained Subframe Structure
FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a frame structure according to
some implementations of the present disclosure. This frame
structure may, for example, by compatible with new radio access
technology.
In NR, a structure in which a control channel and a data channel
are time-division-multiplexed within one TTI, as shown in FIG. 9,
may be implemented as a frame structure. Such frame structure
implementations can, in some scenarios, help reduce latency.
In the example of FIG. 9, a shaded region represents a downlink
control region and a black region represents an uplink control
region. The remaining region may be used for downlink (DL) data
transmission or uplink (UL) data transmission. This structure is
characterized in that DL transmission and UL transmission are
sequentially performed within one subframe and thus DL data can be
transmitted and UL ACK/NACK can be received within the subframe.
Consequently, in some scenarios, a time period from an occurrence
of a data transmission error to a data retransmission may be
reduced, thereby reducing latency in data transmission.
In this data and control time-division multiplexed (TDMed) subframe
structure, a time gap may be implemented, for a base station and a
terminal to switch from a transmission mode to a reception mode or
from the reception mode to the transmission mode. To this end, some
OFDM symbols at a time when DL switches to UL may be set to a guard
period (GP) in the self-contained subframe structure.
Analog beamforming #1
In some implementations, wavelengths are shortened in millimeter
wave (mmW) and thus a large number of antenna elements can be
installed in the same area. For example, the wavelength is 1 cm at
30 GHz and thus a total of 100 antenna elements can be installed in
the form of a 2-dimensional array at an interval of 0.5 lambda
(wavelength) in a panel of 5.times.5 cm. Accordingly, it is
possible to increase a beamforming (BF) gain using a large number
of antenna elements to increase coverage or improve throughput in
mmW.
In this case, if a transceiver unit (TXRU) is provided to adjust
transmission power and phase per antenna element, independent
beamforming per frequency resource can be performed. However,
installation of TXRUs for all of about 100 antenna elements
decreases effectiveness in terms of cost. Accordingly, some
implementations may utilize techniques for mapping a large number
of antenna elements to one TXRU and controlling a beam direction
using an analog phase shifter. Such analog beamforming can form
only one beam direction in all bands and thus cannot provide
frequency selective beamforming.
In some scenarios, hybrid beamforming (BF) having a number B of
TXRUs which is smaller than Q antenna elements may be implemented
as an intermediate form of digital BF and analog BF. In this case,
the number of directions of beams which can be simultaneously
transmitted are limited to B although it depends on a method of
connecting the B TXRUs and the Q antenna elements.
Analog beamforming #2
In scenarios where a plurality of antennas is implemented, hybrid
beamforming which is a combination of digital beamforming and
analog beamforming may be utilized. Here, in analog beamforming (or
RF beamforming) an RF end performs precoding (or combining) and
thus it is possible to achieve the performance similar to digital
beamforming while reducing the number of RF chains and the number
of D/A (or A/D) converters. For convenience, the hybrid beamforming
structure may be represented by N TXRUs and M physical antennas.
Then, the digital beamforming for the L data layers to be
transmitted at the transmitting end may be represented by an N by L
matrix, and the converted N digital signals are converted into
analog signals via TXRUs, and analog beamforming represented by an
M by N matrix is applied.
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of hybrid beamforming
from the viewpoint of TXRUs and physical antennas, according to
some implementations of the present disclosure.
In the example of FIG. 10, the number of digital beams is L and the
number of analog beams is N. Further, in some scenarios (e.g.,
systems that are compatible with NR), by designing the base station
to change the analog beamforming in units of symbols, the system
may support more efficient beamforming for a terminal located in a
specific area. Furthermore, when defining N TXRUs and M RF antennas
as one antenna panel, a plurality of antenna panels may be
implemented to which independent hybrid beamforming is
applicable.
When a base station uses a plurality of analog beams as described
above, analog beams suitable to receive signals may be different
for terminals and thus a beam sweeping operation of sweeping a
plurality of analog beams to be applied by a base station per
symbol in a specific subframe (SF) for at least a synchronization
signal, system information and paging such that all terminals can
have reception opportunities may be implemented.
FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a beam sweeping operation for a
synchronization signal and system information in a downlink (DL)
transmission procedure.
In the example of FIG. 11, physical resources (or a physical
channel) in which system information of the NR system is
transmitted in a broadcasting manner is referred to as a physical
broadcast channel (xPBCH). Here, analog beams belonging to
different antenna panels can be simultaneously transmitted within
one symbol, and a method of introducing a beam reference signal
(BRS) which is a reference signal (RS) to which a single analog
beam (corresponding to a specific antenna panel) is applied in
order to measure a channel per analog beam may be implemented. The
BRS can be defined for a plurality of antenna ports, and each
antenna port of the BRS can correspond to a single analog beam. In
some implementations, all analog beams in an analog beam group are
applied to the synchronization signal or xPBCH and then the
synchronization signal or xPBCH is transmitted such that an
arbitrary terminal can successively receive the synchronization
signal or xPBCH.
In some scenarios, the following rules/details may be applied to
slot formats and/or the determining of slot formats. The
rules/details, which will hereinafter be described in detail, may
be applied to a serving cell included in a set of serving cells
that are configured in a user equipment (UE).
If a UE is configured by higher layers with parameter
SlotFormatIndicator, the UE is provided a SFI-RNTI by sfi-RNTI and
with a payload size of DCI format 2_0 by dci-PayloadSize.
The UE is also provided in one or more serving cells with a
configuration for a search space set s and a corresponding CORESET
p for monitoring M.sub.p,s.sup.(L.sup.SFI) PDCCH candidates for DCI
format 2_0 with a CCE aggregation level of L.sub.SFI CCEs. The
M.sub.p,s.sup.(L.sup.SPI) PDCCH candidates are the first
M.sub.p,s.sup.(L.sup.SPI) PDCCH candidates for CCE aggregation
level L.sub.SFI for search space set s in CORESET p.
For each serving cell in the set of serving cells, the UE can be
provided as follows. an identity of the serving cell by
servingCellId. a location of a SFI-index field in DCI format 2_0 by
positionInDCI. a set of slot format combinations by
slotFormatCombinations, where each slot format combination in the
set of slot format combinations includes one or more slot formats
indicated by a respective slotFormats for the slot format
combination, and a mapping for the slot format combination provided
by slotFormats to a corresponding SFI-index field value in DCI
format 2_0 provided by slotFormatCombinationId. for unpaired
spectrum operation, a reference SCS configuration .mu..sub.SFI by
subcarrierSpacing and, when a supplementary UL carrier is
configured for the serving cell, a reference SCS configuration
.mu..sub.SFI, SUL by subcarrierSpacing2 for the supplementary UL
carrier. for paired spectrum operation, a reference SCS
configuration .mu..sub.SFI, DL for a DL BWP by subcarrierSpacing
and a reference SCS configuration .mu..sub.SFI,UL for an UL BWP by
subcarrierSpacing2.
A SFI-index field value in a DCI format 2_0 indicates to a UE a
slot format for each slot in a number of slots for each DL BWP or
each UL BWP starting from a slot where the UE detects the DCI
format 2_0. The number of slots is equal to or larger than a PDCCH
monitoring periodicity for DCI format 2_0. The SFI-index field
includes max {.left brkt-top.log.sub.2 (maxSFIinde x+1).right
brkt-bot., 1} bits where maxSFIindex is the maximum value of the
values provided by corresponding slotFormatCombinationId. A slot
format is identified by a corresponding format index as provided in
Table 4, below, where `D` denotes a downlink symbol, `U` denotes an
uplink symbol, and `F` denotes a flexible symbol.
If a PDCCH monitoring periodicity for DCI format 2_0, provided to a
UE for the search space set s by
monitoringSlotPeriodicityAndOffset, is smaller than a duration of a
slot format combination the UE obtains at a PDCCH monitoring
occasion for DCI format 2_0 by a corresponding SFI-index field
value, and the UE detects more than one DCI formats 2_0 indicating
a slot format for a slot, then the UE expects each of the more than
one DCI formats 2_0 to indicate a same format for the slot.
A UE does not expect to be configured to monitor PDCCH for DCI
format 2_0 on a second serving cell that uses larger SCS than the
serving cell.
Table 4 shows an example of slot formats for a normal cyclic prefix
(CP).
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Symbol number in a slot Format 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 0 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 1 U U U U U U U U U
U U U U U 2 F F F F F F F F F F F F F F 3 D D D D D D D D D D D D D
F 4 D D D D D D D D D D D D F F 5 D D D D D D D D D D D F F F 6 D D
D D D D D D D D F F F F 7 D D D D D D D D D F F F F F 8 F F F F F F
F F F F F F F U 9 F F F F F F F F F F F F U U 10 F U U U U U U U U
U U U U U 11 F F U U U U U U U U U U U U 12 F F F U U U U U U U U U
U U 13 F F F F U U U U U U U U U U 14 F F F F F U U U U U U U U U
15 F F F F F F U U U U U U U U 16 D F F F F F F F F F F F F F 17 D
D F F F F F F F F F F F F 18 D D D F F F F F F F F F F F 19 D F F F
F F F F F F F F F U 20 D D F F F F F F F F F F F U 21 D D D F F F F
F F F F F F U 22 D F F F F F F F F F F F U U 23 D D F F F F F F F F
F F U U 24 D D D F F F F F F F F F U U 25 D F F F F F F F F F F U U
U 26 D D F F F F F F F F F U U U 27 D D D F F F F F F F F U U U 28
D D D D D D D D D D D D F U 29 D D D D D D D D D D D F F U 30 D D D
D D D D D D D F F F U 31 D D D D D D D D D D D F U U 32 D D D D D D
D D D D F F U U 33 D D D D D D D D D F F F U U 34 D F U U U U U U U
U U U U U 35 D D F U U U U U U U U U U U 36 D D D F U U U U U U U U
U U 37 D F F U U U U U U U U U U U 38 D D F F U U U U U U U U U U
39 D D D F F U U U U U U U U U 40 D F F F U U U U U U U U U U 41 D
D F F F U U U U U U U U U 42 D D D F F F U U U U U U U U 43 D D D D
D D D D D F F F F U 44 D D D D D D F F F F F F U U 45 D D D D D D F
F U U U U U U 46 D D D D D F U D D D D D F U 47 D D F U U U U D D F
U U U U 48 D F U U U U U D F U U U U U 49 D D D D F F U D D D D F F
U 50 D D F F U U U D D F F U U U 51 D F F U U U U D F F U U U U 52
D F F F F F U D F F F F F U 53 D D F F F F U D D F F F F U 54 F F F
F F F F D D D D D D D 55 D D F F F U U U D D D D D D 56-254
Reserved 255 UE determines the slot format for the slot based on
TDD- UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon, or TDD-UL-DL-ConfigDedicated and,
if any, on detected DCI formats
For unpaired spectrum operation for a UE on a serving cell, the UE
is provided by subcarrierSpacing a reference SCS configuration
.mu..sub.SFI for each slot format in a combination of slot formats
indicated by a SFI-index field value in DCI format 2_0. The UE
expects that for a reference SCS configuration .mu..sub.SFI and for
an active DL BWP or an active UL BWP with SCS configuration .mu.,
it is .mu..gtoreq..nu..sub.SFI. Each slot format in the combination
of slot formats indicated by the SFI-index field value in DCI
format 2_0 is applicable to 2.sup.(.mu.-.mu..sup.SFI) consecutive
slots in the active DL BWP or the active UL BWP where the first
slot starts at a same time as a first slot for the reference SCS
configuration .mu..sub.SFI and each downlink or flexible or uplink
symbol for the reference SCS configuration .mu..sub.SFI corresponds
to 2.sup.(.mu.-.mu..sup.SFI) consecutive downlink or flexible or
uplink symbols for the SCS configuration .mu..
For paired spectrum operation for a UE on a serving cell, the
SFI-index field in DCI format 2_0 indicates a combination of slot
formats that includes a combination of slot formats for a reference
DL BWP and a combination of slot formats for a reference UL BWP of
the serving cell. The UE is provided by subcarrierSpacing a
reference SCS configuration .mu..sub.SFI,DL for the combination of
slot formats indicated by the SFI-index field value in DCI format
2_0 for the reference DL BWP of the serving cell. The UE is
provided by subcarrierSpacing2 a reference SCS configuration
.mu..sub.SFI,UL for the combination of slot formats indicated by
the SFI-index field value in DCI format 2_0 for the reference UL
BWP of the serving cell. If .mu..sub.SFI,DL.gtoreq..mu..sub.SFI,UL
and for each 2.sup.(.mu..sup.SFI,DL.sup.-.mu..sup.SFI,UL)+1 values
provided by a value of slotFormats, where the value of slotFormats
is determined by a value of slotFormatCombinationId in
slotFormatCombination and the value of slotFormatCombinationId is
set by the value of the SFI-index field value in DCI format 2_0,
the first 2.sup.(.mu..sup.SFI,DL.sup.-.mu..sup.SFI,UL) values for
the combination of slot formats are applicable to the reference DL
BWP and the next value is applicable to the reference UL BWP. If
.mu..sub.SFI,DL<.mu..sub.SFI,UL and for each
2.sup.(.mu..sup.SFI,UL.sup.-.mu.SFI,DL)+1 values provided by
slotFormats, the first value for the combination of slot formats is
applicable to the reference DL BWP and the next
2.sup.(.mu..sup.SFI,UL.sup.-.mu.SFI,DL) values are applicable to
the reference UL BWP.
The UE is provided a reference SCS configuration .mu..sub.SFI,DL so
that for an active DL BWP with SCS configuration .mu..sub.DL, it is
.mu..sub.DL.gtoreq..mu..sub.SFI,DL. The UE is provided a reference
SCS configuration .mu..sub.SFI,UL so that for an active UL BWP with
SCS configuration .mu..sub.UL, it is
.mu..sub.UL.gtoreq..mu..sub.SFI,UL. Each slot format for a
combination of slot formats indicated by the SFI-index field value
in DCI format 2_0 for the reference DL BWP, by indicating a value
for slotFormatCombinationId that is mapped to a value of
slotFormats in slotFormatCombination, is applicable to
2.sup.(.mu..sup.DL.sup.-.mu..sub.SFI,DL) consecutive slots for the
active DL BWP where the first slot starts at a same time as a first
slot in the reference DL BWP and each downlink or flexible symbol
for the reference SCS configuration .mu..sub.SFI,DL corresponds to
2.sup.(.mu..sup.DL.sup.-.mu..sup.SFI,DL) consecutive downlink or
flexible symbols for the SCS configuration .mu..sub.DL. Each slot
format for the combination of slot formats for the reference UL BWP
is applicable to 2.sup.(.mu..sup.UL.sup.-.mu.SFI,UL) consecutive
slots for the active UL BWP where the first slot starts at a same
time as a first slot in the reference UL BWP and each uplink or
flexible symbol for the reference SCS configuration .mu..sub.SFI,UL
corresponds to 2.sup.(.mu..sup.UL.sup.-.mu.SFI,UL) consecutive
uplink or flexible symbols for the SCS configuration
.mu..sub.UL.
For unpaired spectrum operation with a second UL carrier for a UE
on a serving cell, the SFI-index field value in DCI format 2_0
indicates a combination of slot formats that includes a combination
of slot formats for a reference first UL carrier of the serving
cell and a combination of slot formats for a reference second UL
carrier of the serving cell. The UE is provided by
subcarrierSpacing a reference SCS configuration .mu..sub.SFI for
the combination of slot formats indicated by the SFI-index field in
DCI format 2_0 for the reference first UL carrier of the serving
cell. The UE is provided by subcarrierSpacing2 a reference SCS
configuration .mu..sub.SFI,SUL for the combination of slot formats
indicated by the SFI-index field value in DCI format 2_0 for the
reference second UL carrier of the serving cell. For each
2.sup.(.mu..sup.SFI.sup.-.mu..sup.SFI,SUL)+1 values of slotFormats,
the first 2.sup.(.mu..sup.SFI.sup.-.mu..sup.SFI,SUL) values for the
combination of slot formats are applicable to the reference first
UL carrier and the next value is applicable to the reference second
UL carrier.
The UE expects to be provided a reference SCS configuration
.mu..sub.SFI,SUL so that for an active UL BWP in the second UL
carrier with SCS configuration .mu..sub.SUL, it is
.mu..sub.UL.gtoreq..mu..sub.SFI,SUL. Each slot format for a
combination of slot formats indicated by the SFI-index field in DCI
format 2_0 for the reference first UL carrier is applicable to
2.sup.(.mu.-.mu..sup.SFI) consecutive slots for the active DL BWP
and the active UL BWP in the first UL carrier where the first slot
starts at a same time as a first slot in the reference first UL
carrier. Each slot format for the combination of slot formats for
the reference second UL carrier is applicable to
2.sup.(.mu..sup.SUL.sup.-.mu..sup.SFI,SUL) consecutive slots for
the active UL BWP in the second UL carrier where the first slot
starts at a same time as a first slot in the reference second UL
carrier.
If a BWP in the serving cell is configured with .mu.=2 and with
extended CP, the UE expects .mu..sub.SFI=0, .mu..sub.SFI=1, or
.mu..sub.SFI=2. A format for a slot with extended CP is determined
from a format for a slot with normal CP. A UE determines an
extended CP symbol to be a downlink/uplink/flexible symbol if the
overlapping normal CP symbols that are downlink/uplink/flexible
symbols, respectively. A UE determines an extended CP symbol to be
a flexible symbol if one of the overlapping normal CP symbols is
flexible. A UE determines an extended CP symbol to be a flexible
symbol if the pair of the overlapping normal CP symbols includes a
downlink and an uplink symbol.
A reference SCS configuration .mu..sub.SFI, or .mu..sub.SFI,DL or
.mu..sub.SFI,UL, or .mu..sub.SFI,SUL is either 0, or 1, or 2 for
FR1 and is either 2 or 3 for FR2. Here, FR1 may denote a frequency
band of 6 GHz or less, and FR2 may denote a millimeter wave
(mm-wave).
For a set of symbols of a slot, a UE does not expect to detect a
DCI format 2_0 with an SFI-index field value indicating the set of
symbols of the slot as uplink and to detect a DCI format 1_0, a DCI
format 1_1, or DCI format 0_1 indicating to the UE to receive PDSCH
or CSI-RS in the set of symbols of the slot.
For a set of symbols of a slot, a UE does not expect to detect a
DCI format 2_0 with an SFI-index field value indicating the set of
symbols in the slot as downlink and to detect a DCI format 0_0, DCI
format 0_1, DCI format 1_0, DCI format 1_1, DCI format 2_3, or a
RAR UL grant indicating to the UE to transmit PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH,
or SRS in the set of symbols of the slot.
For a set of symbols of a slot that are indicated as
downlink/uplink by TDD-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon, or
TDD-UL-DL-ConfigDedicated, the UE does not expect to detect a DCI
format 2_0 with an SFI-index field value indicating the set of
symbols of the slot as uplink/downlink, respectively, or as
flexible.
For a set of symbols of a slot indicated to a UE by
ssb-PositionsInBurst in SystemInformationBlockType1 or
ssb-PositionsInBurst in ServingCellConfigCommon for reception of
SS/PBCH blocks, the UE does not expect to detect a DCI format 2_0
with an SFI-index field value indicating the set of symbols of the
slot as uplink.
For a set of symbols of a slot indicated to a UE by
prach-ConfigurationIndex in RACH-ConfigCommon for PRACH
transmissions, the UE does not expect to detect a DCI format 2_0
with an SFI-index field value indicating the set of symbols of the
slot as downlink.
For a set of symbols of a slot indicated to a UE by
pdcch-ConfigSIB1 in MIB for a CORESET for TypeO-PDCCH CSS set, the
UE does not expect to detect a DCI format 2_0 with an SFI-index
field value indicating the set of symbols of the slot as
uplink.
For a set of symbols of a slot indicated to a UE as flexible by
TDD-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon and TDD-UL-DL-ConfigDedicated, or
when TDD-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon and TDD-UL-DL-ConfigDedicated
are not provided to the UE, and if the UE detects a DCI format 2_0
providing a format for the slot using a slot format value other
than 255 if one or more symbols from the set of symbols are symbols
in a CORESET configured to the UE for PDCCH monitoring, the UE
receives PDCCH in the CORESET only if an SFI-index field value in
DCI format 2_0 indicates that the one or more symbols are downlink
symbols if an SFI-index field value in DCI format 2_0 indicates the
set of symbols of the slot as flexible and the UE detects a DCI
format 1_0, DCI format 1_1, or DCI format 0_1 indicating to the UE
to receive PDSCH or CSI-RS in the set of symbols of the slot, the
UE receives PDSCH or CSI-RS in the set of symbols of the slot if an
SFI-index field value in DCI format 2_0 indicates the set of
symbols of the slot as flexible and the UE detects a DCI format
0_0, DCI format 0_1, DCI format 1_0, DCI format 1_1, DCI format
2_3, or a RAR UL grant indicating to the UE to transmit PUSCH,
PUCCH, PRACH, or SRS in the set of symbols of the slot the UE
transmits the PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, or SRS in the set of symbols of
the slot if an SFI-index field value in DCI format 2_0 indicates
the set of symbols of the slot as flexible, and the UE does not
detect a DCI format 1_0, DCI format 1_1, or DCI format 0_1
indicating to the UE to receive PDSCH or CSI-RS, or the UE does not
detect a DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, DCI format 1_0, DCI format
1_1, DCI format 2_3, or a RAR UL grant indicating to the UE to
transmit PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, or SRS in the set of symbols of the
slot, the UE does not transmit or receive in the set of symbols of
the slot if the UE is configured by higher layers to receive PDSCH
or CSI-RS in the set of symbols of the slot, the UE receives the
PDSCH or the CSI-RS in the set of symbols of the slot only if an
SFI-index field value in DCI format 2_0 indicates the set of
symbols of the slot as downlink if the UE is configured by higher
layers to transmit PUCCH, or PUSCH, or PRACH in the set of symbols
of the slot, the UE transmits the PUCCH, or the PUSCH, or the PRACH
in the slot only if an SFI-index field value in DCI format 2_0
indicates the set of symbols of the slot as uplink if the UE is
configured by higher layers to transmit SRS in the set of symbols
of the slot, the UE transmits the SRS only in a subset of symbols
from the set of symbols of the slot indicated as uplink symbols by
an SFI-index field value in DCI format 2_0 a UE does not expect to
detect an SFI-index field value in DCI format 2_0 indicating the
set of symbols of the slot as downlink and also detect a DCI format
0_0, DCI format 0_1, DCI format 1_0, DCI format 1_1, DCI format
2_3, or a RAR UL grant indicating to the UE to transmit SRS, PUSCH,
PUCCH, or PRACH, in one or more symbols from the set of symbols of
the slot a UE does not expect to detect an SFI-index field value in
DCI format 2_0 indicating the set of symbols of the slot as
downlink or flexible if the set of symbols of the slot includes
symbols corresponding to any repetition of a PUSCH transmission
activated by an UL Type 2 grant PDCCH a UE does not expect to
detect an SFI-index field value in DCI format 2_0 indicating the
set of symbols of the slot as uplink and also detect a DCI format
1_0 or DCI format 1_1 or DCI format 0_1 indicating to the UE to
receive PDSCH or CSI-RS in one or more symbols from the set of
symbols of the slot
If a UE is configured by higher layers to receive a CSI-RS or a
PDSCH in a set of symbols of a slot and the UE detects a DCI format
2_0 with a slot format value other than 255 that indicates a slot
format with a subset of symbols from the set of symbols as uplink
or flexible, or the UE detects a DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1,
DCI format 1_0, DCI format 1_1, or DCI format 2_3 indicating to the
UE to transmit PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS, or PRACH in at least one symbol
in the set of the symbols, the UE cancels the CSI-RS reception in
the set of symbols of the slot or cancels the PDSCH reception in
the slot.
If a UE is configured by higher layers to transmit SRS, or PUCCH,
or PUSCH, or PRACH in a set of symbols of a slot and the UE detects
a DCI format 2_0 with a slot format value other than 255 that
indicates a slot format with a subset of symbols from the set of
symbols as downlink or flexible, or the UE detects a DCI format
1_0, DCI format 1_1, or DCI format 0_1 indicating to the UE to
receive CSI-RS or PDSCH in a subset of symbols from the set of
symbols, then the UE does not expect to cancel the transmission in
symbols from the subset of symbols that occur, relative to a last
symbol of a CORESET where the UE detects the DCI format 2_0 or the
DCI format 1_0 or the DCI format 1_1 or the DCI format 0_1, after a
number of symbols that is smaller than the PUSCH preparation time
T.sub.proc,2 for the corresponding PUSCH processing capability. the
UE cancels the PUCCH, or PUSCH, or PRACH transmission in remaining
symbols from the set of symbols and cancels the SRS transmission in
remaining symbols from the subset of symbols.
A UE assumes that flexible symbols in a CORESET configured to the
UE for PDCCH monitoring are downlink symbols if the UE does not
detect an SFI-index field value in DCI format 2_0 indicating the
set of symbols of the slot as flexible or uplink and the UE does
not detect a DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, DCI format 1_0, DCI
format 1_1, or DCI format 2_3 indicating to the UE to transmit SRS,
PUSCH, PUCCH, or PRACH in the set of symbols.
For a set of symbols of a slot that are indicated as flexible by
TDD-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon, and TDD-UL-DL-ConfigDedicated, or
when TDD-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon, and TDD-UL-DL-ConfigDedicated
are not provided to the UE, and if the UE does not detect a DCI
format 2_0 providing a slot format for the slot the UE receives
PDSCH or CSI-RS in the set of symbols of the slot if the UE
receives a corresponding indication by a DCI format 1_0, DCI format
1_1, or DCI format 0_1 the UE transmits PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, or SRS
in the set of symbols of the slot if the UE receives a
corresponding indication by a DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, DCI
format 1_0, DCI format 1_1, or DCI format 2_3 the UE receives PDCCH
if the UE is configured by higher layers to receive PDSCH or CSI-RS
in the set of symbols of the slot, the UE does not receive the
PDSCH or the CSI-RS in the set of symbols of the slot if the UE is
configured by higher layers to transmit SRS, or PUCCH, or PUSCH, or
PRACH in the set of symbols of the slot, the UE does not transmit
the PUCCH, or the PUSCH, or the PRACH in the slot and does not
transmit the SRS in symbols from the set of symbols in the slot, if
any, starting from a symbol that is a number of symbols equal to
the PUSCH preparation time N.sub.2 for the corresponding PUSCH
timing capability after a last symbol of a CORESET where the UE is
configured to monitor PDCCH for DCI format 2_0 and does not expect
to cancel the transmission of the SRS, or the PUCCH, or the PUSCH,
or the PRACH in symbols from the set of symbols in the slot, if
any, starting before a symbol that is a number of symbols equal to
the PUSCH preparation time N.sub.2 for the corresponding PUSCH
timing capability after a last symbol of a CORESET where the UE is
configured to monitor PDCCH for DCI format 2_0
For unpaired spectrum operation for a UE on a cell in a frequency
band of FR1, and when the scheduling restrictions due to RRM
measurements are not applicable, if the UE detects a DCI format
0_0, DCI format 0_1, DCI format 1_0, DCI format 1_1, or DCI format
2_3 indicating to the UE to transmit in a set of symbols, the UE is
not required to perform RRM measurements based on a SS/PBCH block
or CSI-RS reception on a different cell in the frequency band if
the SS/PBCH block or CSI-RS reception includes at least one symbol
from the set of symbols.
In some implementations of the present disclosure, as described
above, resource directions (e.g., uplink, downlink, etc.) may be
configured in symbol units. Additionally, in the NR, multiple
subcarrier spacings each being different from one another are
defined, and, accordingly, a time-based length of one symbol may
vary in accordance with the subcarrier spacing. Additionally, the
length of symbols having the same subcarrier spacing may vary in
accordance with a type of cyclic prefix. When considering the
above-described situation, discussion on a method for determining a
resource direction/slot format including uplink, downlink, or
flexible symbols need to be made on symbols having diverse lengths
by including a normal CP or an extended CP and a slot corresponding
to a set of such symbols.
Hereinafter, examples of implementations of the present disclosure
will be described in further detail.
When indicating a resource direction to a user equipment (UE), the
indication may be made in slot or symbol units. The resource
direction may be indicated as downlink (hereinafter referred to as
`D`), uplink (hereinafter referred to as `U`), and flexible
(hereinafter referred to as `X` or `F`).
In some implementations, the resource direction may be notified to
the UE with reference to a normal CP (NCP). However, in some
scenarios, the UE may be configured with an extended CP (ECP),
rather than NCP, for the downlink or for the uplink. In such
scenarios where the UE receives notification of resource directions
relative to NCP but is configured with ECP, the UE needs to
determine how to define the resource directions corresponding to
the ECP environment.
An example of a technique for indicating a resource direction is
hereinafter described in detail. In some implementations, such
techniques may comply with technical standards 3GPP TS 38.212 and
TS 38.213, Rel. 15, the contents of which are incorporated by
reference herein. A UE-specific slot format indication (SFI) table,
which may be differently combined per UE, may be configured by
using a 1-slot unit mother slot format table, for example, as
defined in the technical standards TS 38.212 and TS 38.213. Diverse
combinations of mother slot format sets are stored in each entry of
the table, and, by notifying to the UE an entry index of the
UE-specific SFI table that is to be used, the UE recognizes (or
acknowledges) the resource direction by using a slot format set
included in the entry of the corresponding index.
In some implementations, the UE is also configured with a reference
subcarrier spacing (SCS), which is assumed in the UE-specific SFI
table, and, since the slot format included in the SFI table is
based on the reference SCS, the slot format is applied based on an
SCS that is actually being used (i.e., a using SCS). For the slot
format that is being applied in this case, if the reference SCS is
equal to 15 kilohertz (kHz) and the SCS that is actually being used
is equal to 30 kHz, the indicated slot is applied by being extended
to 2 times its initial length (or size) (i.e., a direction for one
symbol is applied to two symbols).
An NCP reference SCS for the NCP slot format indication and an ECP
reference SCS for the ECP slot format indication may be separately
defined. Each reference SCS may consider a condition of not being
greater (or larger) than the SCS that is actually being used.
The following methods may be implemented as the slot format
indication method for the ECP.
Independent Slot Formats for ECP
As one of the slot format indication methods for the ECP, a
separate slot format based on the ECP may be defined and indicated.
For a UE-specific SFI table, a 1-slot unit mother slot format table
may be defined on the ECP and, by using this table, entries of the
UE-specific SFI table may be configured of a combination of the
corresponding slot formats. For separate slot formats for the ECP,
the slot formats may be in accordance with a rule that is presented
in the "Slot format change rule," which will be described below in
more detail based on the slot format for the NCP, or the
corresponding formats may be created independently. Operations of
the "Slot format change rule," which will be described further
below, correspond to a process that is to be performed by the UE,
when the UE receives the NCP-based SF1. In some implementations,
the creation of a mother slot format table for the ECP in
accordance with the "Slot format change rule," which will be
described further below, means that, when defining the mother slot
format table for the ECP, the corresponding table is indicated by
using the corresponding rule.
When defining independent slot formats for the ECP, it may be
notified whether the UE-specific SFI table, which is delivered to
the UE through a separate higher layer signaling, is created based
on the slot format for the ECP, or whether the table is created
based on the slot format for the NCP.
In case the UE is configured with the ECP, and in case the
UE-specific SFI table is created based on the slot format for the
ECP, the UE may apply the corresponding table without any
modification. And, although the UE is configured with the ECP, in
case the UE-specific SFI table is created based on the slot format
for the NCP, the UE may apply the table by modifying (or changing)
the slot format in accordance with a rule that is described in the
"Slot format change rule," described below.
Slot Format Change Rule
As another one of the slot format indication methods for the ECP, a
slot format change rule to the slot format of the ECP based on the
slot format of the NCP may be defined. In other words, only the
slot formats of a plurality of NCPs are predefined, and, for the
slot format of the ECP, a method of modifying a predefined slot
format of the NCP may be considered.
FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a slot having a normal CP and a
slot having an extended CP.
In the example of FIG. 12, a slot structure of the NCP and a slot
structure of the ECP is shown within the same SCS. In a 15 kHz SCS,
during 1 millisecond (ms), the NCP is configured of 14 symbols, and
the ECP is configured of 12 symbols. Although the number of symbols
included in a slot having an NCP and the number of symbols included
in a slot having an ECP are different from one another, based on
the time axis, the resource directions of the NCP and the ECP may
be implemented to be almost similar to one another, so that the
surrounding interference influence can be minimized, and so that a
gNB can easily maintain the communication.
According to implementations disclosed herein, a rule is defined
for the slot format of the ECP based on the slot format of the NCP.
As such, in some scenarios, a separate slot format for the ECP may
not need to be defined.
Hereinafter, detailed examples of the above-described "Slot format
change rule" will be described.
1. Same Reference SCS
A reference SCS of the NCP and a reference SCS of the ECP may be
configured to be the same as one another. In such implementations,
one slot structure is the same as the slot structure shown in FIG.
12, and it can be seen that symbol number 1 to symbol number 7 of
the NCP and symbol number 1 to symbol number 6 of the ECP are
accurately aligned. Additionally, symbol number 8 to symbol number
14 of the NCP and symbol number 7 to symbol number 12 of the ECP
are also accurately aligned. When a symbol direction of the NCP is
applied to a symbol of the ECP, 2 symbols of the NCP are overlapped
with 1 symbol of the ECP. Due to such difference in the structure,
the relationship between the NCP symbol and the ECP symbol adopting
the slot format change rule corresponding to when the direction of
two symbols of the NCP are changed (or shifted) to the direction of
one ECP symbol may be defined as described below.
As such, in a relationship between slots shown in the example of
FIG. 12, a technique of being configured with a slot format for a
normal CP (NCP) and applying the configured slot format to a slot
having an extended CP (ECP) may be implemented. Herein, a technique
of determining a resource direction/format of symbols existing
within a slot having an extended CP based on a resource
direction/format of symbols existing within a slot having a normal
CP that overlap with the symbols existing within the slot having an
extended CP along a time axis (e.g., ECP symbol 1 of FIG. 12 is in
an overlapping relationship with NCP symbol 1 and NCP symbol 2) may
be implemented.
In some implementations, in a relationship between the NCP symbols
and the ECP symbols, which will be described below, although it is
described that the numbers of the NCP symbols and the ECP symbols
start from 1, this is merely exemplary (e.g., the numbers of the
NCP symbols and the ECP symbols may also start from 0 or any other
suitable starting point). NCP symbol 1, 2.fwdarw.ECP symbol 1 NCP
symbol 2, 3.fwdarw.ECP symbol 2 NCP symbol 3, 4.fwdarw.ECP symbol 3
NCP symbol 4, 5.fwdarw.ECP symbol 4 NCP symbol 5, 6.fwdarw.ECP
symbol 5 NCP symbol 6, 7.fwdarw.ECP symbol 6 NCP symbol 8,
9.fwdarw.ECP symbol 7 NCP symbol 9, 10.fwdarw.ECP symbol 8 NCP
symbol 10, 11.fwdarw.ECP symbol 9 NCP symbol 11, 12.fwdarw.ECP
symbol 10 NCP symbol 12, 13.fwdarw.ECP symbol 11 NCP symbol 13,
14.fwdarw.ECP symbol 12
In some implementations, an ECP symbol may be defined in accordance
with a combination of a random NCP symbol x and a random NCP symbol
x+1. Herein, as described above, in scenarios where x starts from
0, the x may correspond to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
and, in scenarios where x starts with 1, the x may correspond to 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. In some implementations, as
described above, in the following rules, D refers to a downlink
symbol, U refers to an uplink symbol, and X refers to a flexible
symbol. Rule 1: NCP symbol D, D.fwdarw.ECP symbol D Rule 1-1 option
1: NCP symbol D, X.fwdarw.ECP symbol D Rule 1-1 option 2: NCP
symbol D, X.fwdarw.ECP symbol X Rule 1-2 option 1: NCP symbol X,
D.fwdarw.ECP symbol D Rule 1-2 option 2: NCP symbol X, D.fwdarw.ECP
symbol X Rule 2: NCP symbol U, U.fwdarw.ECP symbol U Rule 2-1
option 1: NCP symbol U, X.fwdarw.ECP symbol U Rule 2-1 option 2:
NCP symbol U, X.fwdarw.ECP symbol X Rule 2-2 option 1: NCP symbol
X, U.fwdarw.ECP symbol U Rule 2-2 option 2: NCP symbol X,
U.fwdarw.ECP symbol X Rule 3 option 1: NCP symbol U, D.fwdarw.D
Rule 3 option 2: NCP symbol U, D.fwdarw.U Rule 3 option 3: NCP
symbol U, D.fwdarw.X Rule 3 option 4: NCP symbol U, D.fwdarw.error
Rule 4: NCP symbol X, X.fwdarw.X
Herein, in case of a rule with options, a particular rule that is
to be followed may be configured via higher layer signaling, or the
rule may be fixed to one option according to implementations.
Hereinafter, examples in which the slot format change rule is
applied will be described.
For example, among the above-described rules, Rule 1, Rule 1-1
option 2, Rule 1-2 option 2, Rule 2, Rule 2-1 option 2, Rule 2-2
option 2, Rule 3 option 3, and Rule 4 may be applied as the slot
format change rule. As described above, this may be configured via
higher layer signaling, or this may correspond to a fixed
configuration.
In this case, if 2 symbols each having an NCP that overlap with one
symbol having an ECP are both determined as downlink symbols, or
uplink symbols, or flexible symbols, the UE may determine the
respective symbol having an ECP as a downlink symbol, or an uplink
symbol, or a flexible symbol according to Rule 1, Rule 2, and Rule
4.
Additionally, among the 2 symbols having an NCP, if one of the 2
symbols corresponds to a flexible symbol (more specifically, in
case the combination of the 2 symbols having an NCP corresponds to
uplink-flexible symbols, flexible-uplink symbols, downlink-flexible
symbols, or flexible-downlink symbols), the UE may determine the
respective symbol having an ECP as a flexible symbol according to
Rule 1-1 option 2, Rule 1-2 option 2, Rule 2-1 option 2, and Rule
2-2 option 2.
Furthermore, in case each of the 2 symbols having an NCP
corresponds to uplink symbol and a downlink symbol, the UE may
determine the respective symbol having an ECP as a flexible symbol
according to Rule 3 option 3.
FIG. 13 is a flow chart of an example of determining a slot format
of a user equipment (UE) according to some implementations of the
present disclosure.
According to the example of FIG. 13, the UE receives, from a
network, slot format information informing a first slot format
(S1310). Herein, the first slot format may be a slot format for
normal symbols each having a normal CP included in a specific time
duration. The specific time duration may be, for example, a time
duration that is a multiple of a normal symbol duration.
Thereafter, the UE determines a second slot format based on the
slot format information (S1320). Herein, the second slot format may
be a slot format for extended symbols each having an extended CP
included in the specific time duration. The specific time duration
may, for example, also be a multiple of an extended symbol
duration.
FIG. 14 illustrates an example of determining a slot format of a
user equipment (UE) according to some implementations of the
present disclosure.
As a detailed example of applying the method for determining a slot
format, which is described in the present disclosure with reference
to FIG. 14, the UE may receive slot format information including
information on a first slot format. And, herein, the first slot
format may indicate Format 41 of Table 4, described above. In some
implementations, according to Format 41 of Table 4, a first symbol
and a second symbol within the slot may each be configured as a
downlink symbol, a third symbol to a fifth symbol within the slot
may each be configured as a flexible symbol, and a sixth symbol to
a fourteenth symbol within the slot may each be configured as an
uplink symbol. Herein, as described above, Format 41 may correspond
to a format that is based on symbols having a normal CP.
In some implementations, as described above, Rule 1, Rule 1-1
option 2, Rule 1-2 option 2, Rule 2, Rule 2-1 option 2, Rule 2-2
option 2, Rule 3 option 3, and Rule 4 may be applied as the slot
format change rule. More specifically, when the UE determines a
second slot format based on the slot format information, the UE may
determine the second slot format based on Rule 1, Rule 1-1 option
2, Rule 1-2 option 2, Rule 2, Rule 2-1 option 2, Rule 2-2 option 2,
Rule 3 option 3, and Rule 4.
In this case, a first extended CP (ECP) symbol may be determined as
a downlink symbol according to Rule 1, a second ECP symbol may be
determined as a flexible symbol according Rule 1-1 option 2, third
and fourth ECP symbols may each be determined as a flexible symbol
according to Rule 4, a fifth ECP symbol may be determined as a
flexible symbol according to Rule 2-2 option 2, and sixth to
twelfth ECP symbols may each be determined as an uplink symbol
according to Rule 2.
As the rule, which is described above, is applied, among the symbol
directions of the ECP, an X may not exist between D and U. For
example, in case NCP 1 to NCP 4 correspond to D, NCP 5 corresponds
to X, and NCP 6 and NCP 7 correspond to U, when Rule 1-1 Option 1
and Rule 2-2 Option 1 are applied, the ECP symbol becomes D, D, D,
D, U, U. However, in scenario where at least one flexible symbol is
implemented for a switching between D and U, then a modified symbol
direction of the ECP may be utilized. Therefore, in such scenarios,
to avoid the above-described combination, when considering the
above-described rule options, the following combinations may be
implemented. Combination 1: Rule 1-1 option 1 & Rule 2-2 option
2 [NCP symbol D, X.fwdarw.ECP symbol D] & [NCP symbol X,
U.fwdarw.ECP symbol X] Combination 2: Rule 1-1 option 2 & Rule
2-2 option 1 [NCP symbol D, X.fwdarw.ECP symbol X] & [NCP
symbol X, U ECP symbol U]
Among the above-described combinations, a specific combination that
is to be used may be configured for a UE via higher layer
signaling, or one combination may be fixed for usage.
Alternatively, according to the rule, in case U immediately follows
a D symbol/slot, it may be assumed that one D symbol is changed (or
modified) to X before the U is started.
2. Other SCS
When the reference SCS of the NCP is smaller than the reference SCS
of the ECP, a time duration of the NCP slot is larger than a time
duration of the ECP. Accordingly, the ECP symbol may exist within
the NCP symbol, or part of the ECP symbol may be overlapped with
two NCP symbols. The direction of the ECP symbol existing within
the NCP symbol may directly follow the NCP symbol. And, in case of
the ECP symbol being positioned over two NCP symbols, the symbol
direction may be defined in accordance with the rule that is
defined in the above-described scenario of "1. Same reference
SCS."
FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a slot structure corresponding to
a case where a reference SCS of an ECP is 2 times larger than a
reference SCS of an NCP, according to some implementations of the
present disclosure. Herein, for example, the reference SCS of an
NCP may be equal to 30 kHz, and the reference SCS of an ECP may be
equal to 60 kHz.
According to the example of FIG. 15, ECP symbol 1 exists within NCP
symbol 1, and ECP symbol 2 overlaps with NCP symbol 1 and NCP
symbol 2. Additionally, ECP symbol 3 exists within NCP symbol 2,
and ECP symbol 4 overlaps with NCP symbol 2 and NCP symbol 3.
Additionally ECP symbol 5 exists within NCP symbol 3, and ECP
symbol 6 overlaps with NCP symbol 3 and NCP symbol 4. By using the
same method, in case the reference SCS of the ECP is larger than
the reference SCS of the NCP, ECP symbols overlapping with multiple
NCP symbols and ECP symbols existing within one NCP symbol may
exist.
Herein, when the UE, which has received the slot format for NCP
symbols, determines a slot format for the ECP symbols, for the ECP
symbols being included in the NCP symbols, the resource direction
of the corresponding NCP symbol may be directly applied without any
modification. And, for the ECP symbols overlapping with multiple
NCP symbols, the format of the corresponding ECP symbol may be
determined by applying the above-described slot format change rule.
More specifically, for example, since ECP symbol 1 of FIG. 15
corresponds to a symbol existing within NCP symbol 1, the format of
NCP symbol 1 may be directly applied. And, since ECP symbol 2
corresponds to a symbol overlapping with NCP symbol 1 and NCP
symbol 2, the format of ECP symbol 2 may be determined by applying
the above-described slot format change rule.
On the other hand, in case the reference SCS of the NCP is larger
than the reference SCS of the ECP, multiple NCP symbols may be
positioned within the time duration of one ECP symbol. For example,
a case where the reference SCS of the NCP is 2 times the size of
the reference SCS of the ECP may be considered.
FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a slot structure corresponding to
a case where a reference SCS of an NCP is 2 times larger than a
reference SCS of an ECP, according to implementations of the
present disclosure. Herein, for example, the reference SCS of an
NCP may be equal to 30 kHz, and the reference SCS of an ECP may be
equal to 15 kHz.
According to the example of FIG. 16, ECP symbol 1 overlaps with NCP
symbols 1 to 3, ECP symbol 2 overlaps with NCP symbols 3 to 5, ECP
symbol 3 overlaps with NCP symbols 5 to 7, ECP symbol 4 overlaps
with NCP symbols 8 to 10, ECP symbol 5 overlaps with NCP symbols 10
to 12, and ECP symbol 6 overlaps with NCP symbols 12 to 14.
Additionally, for ECP symbols 7 to 12, the same overlapping
structure of ECP symbols 1 to 6 is applied.
In this case, 3 NCP symbols (including the partially overlapping
symbol(s)) may be included in the time duration of one ECP symbol.
In this case, the corresponding rule may be defined as described
below. Rule 1: NCP symbol D, D, D.fwdarw.ECP symbol D Rule 1-1
option 1: NCP symbol D, D, X.fwdarw.ECP symbol D Rule 1-1 option 2:
NCP symbol D, D, X.fwdarw.ECP symbol X Rule 1-2 option 1: NCP
symbol D, X, X.fwdarw.ECP symbol D Rule 1-2 option 2: NCP symbol D,
X, X.fwdarw.ECP symbol X Rule 1-3 option 1: NCP symbol X, X,
D.fwdarw.ECP symbol D Rule 1-3 option 2: NCP symbol X, X,
D.fwdarw.ECP symbol X Rule 1-4 option 1: NCP symbol X, D,
D.fwdarw.ECP symbol D Rule 1-4 option 2: NCP symbol X, D,
D.fwdarw.ECP symbol X Rule 2: NCP symbol U, U, U.fwdarw.ECP symbol
U Rule 2-1 option 1: NCP symbol U, U, X.fwdarw.ECP symbol U Rule
2-1 option 2: NCP symbol U, U, X.fwdarw.ECP symbol X Rule 2-2
option 1: NCP symbol U, X, X.fwdarw.ECP symbol U Rule 2-2 option 2:
NCP symbol U, X, X.fwdarw.ECP symbol X Rule 2-3 option 1: NCP
symbol X, X, U.fwdarw.ECP symbol U Rule 2-3 option 2: NCP symbol X,
X, U.fwdarw.ECP symbol X Rule 2-4 option 1: NCP symbol X, U,
U.fwdarw.ECP symbol U Rule 2-4 option 2: NCP symbol X, U,
U.fwdarw.ECP symbol X Rule 3: NCP symbol D, X, U.fwdarw.ECP symbol
X Rule 4: NCP symbol X, X, X.fwdarw.ECP symbol X
As the rule, which is described above, is applied, among the symbol
directions of the ECP, an X may not exist between D and U. In
scenarios where at least one flexible symbol is implemented for a
switching between D and U, a combination of rule options may be
implemented. Herein, the possible combinations may be as described
below. Rule 1-1 option 1 & [Rule 2-3 option 2 or Rule 2-4
option 2] Rule 1-2 option 1 & [Rule 2-3 option 2 or Rule 2-4
option 2] Rule 1-1 option 2 & [Rule 2-3 option 1 or Rule 2-4
option 1] Rule 1-2 option 2 & [Rule 2-3 option 1 or Rule 2-4
option 1]
Alternatively, as described above, at least one D symbol may be
changed to X before the U symbol/slot is started.
In some implementations, among the above-described combinations, a
specific combination that is to be used may be configured to a UE
via higher layer signaling, or one combination may be fixed for
usage.
Additionally, for example, reference SCS restriction may be
considered.
In case the reference SCS of the NCP is larger than the reference
SCS of the ECP, the indicated time duration may be configured to be
equal to a multiple of the time duration of at least 1 slot of the
reference SCS of the ECP.
3. Time Duration for SFI Restriction
When the slot format is changed to the slot format of the ECP by
using one slot format based on the NCP, in case of giving an SFI
based on the NCP, the SFI may be given for a number of slots
corresponding to a multiple of 0.5 ms. For example, in the 15 kHz
SCS, since the slots of the NCP and the ECP are aligned at an
interval of 0.5 ms, if the NCP-based SFI is notified according to
0.5 ms, when the SFI is changed to the SFI of the ECP, an alignment
between the slot structure and the time duration of the ECP may be
easily carried out.
FIG. 17 illustrates a flow chart showing an example of determining
a slot format of a user equipment (UE) according to some
implementations of the present disclosure.
According to the example of FIG. 17, a network or base station
transmits a first slot format informing slot format information to
the UE (S1710). Herein, the first slot format may be a slot format
for normal symbols each having a normal CP being included in a
specific time duration. The specific time duration may be, for
example, a time duration that is a multiple of an NCP symbol
duration.
Subsequently, the UE determines a second slot format based on the
slot format information (S1720). Herein, the second slot format may
be a slot format for extended symbols each having an extended CP
being included in the specific time duration. The specific time
duration may, for example, also be a multiple of an ECP symbol
duration.
Herein, for example, the above-described slot format change rule
may be applied when determining the second slot format.
Additionally, herein, the normal CP based reference SCS and the
extended CP based reference SCS may be different from one another.
In this case, the above-described methods may be used for the
configuration of the slot formats. Since the corresponding examples
are the same as the above-described examples, detailed description
of the same will be omitted for simplicity.
Thereafter, the UE may perform transmitting and/or receiving
operations based on the determined second slot format (S1730).
<Slot Format Indication According to the CP Mode Configuration
of each D & U>
For the UE, the CP mode of the uplink and the CP mode of the
downlink may be the same or may be different.
In scenarios where the CP mode of the uplink and the CP mode of the
downlink are the same, then according to some implementations, the
slot format may be indicated as described below. Option 1: An SFI
is notified based on a mother slot format that is appropriate for
the CP mode. Option 2: Since only the mother slot format for the
NCP mode is defined, both the downlink and the uplink apply the
slot format change rule for the ECP.
In scenarios where the CP mode of the uplink and the CP mode of the
downlink are different, then according to some implementations, an
SFI is notified based on a mother slot format of the NCP mode, and
the slot format change rule may be applied only for a
downlink/uplink corresponding to the ECP.
For example, in case a normal CP is configured for the downlink and
an extended CP is configured for the uplink, the UE may determine a
slot format for the uplink based on the slot format information for
the downlink. As described above, the slot format information for
the downlink may include information regarding the normal CP based
slot format. Also, the slot format for the uplink may be determined
based on the above-described slot format change rule.
Hereinafter, an example of resource configurations with RRC in a
semi-static D/U assignment will be described in detail.
The semi-static D/U assignment may be configured as one cycle
period having one D-X-U structure, or the semi-static D/U
assignment may be configured to have a long cycle period, which is
configured of a combination of two short cycle periods having two
D-X-U structures. More specifically, cycle periods X ms and Y ms
are defined, and a semi-static D/U assignment having a long cycle
period, which is configured of (X+Y) ms, may be carried out.
Apart from the semi-static D/U assignment, RRC configurations, such
as periodic CSI measurement, periodic CSI reporting, UE-specific
RACH resource configuration, Grant-free resource configuration, and
so on, may be delivered to the UE.
Such RRC configuration may determine whether or not the UE is to be
actually operated by the semi-static D/U assignment. Accordingly,
when such RRC configuration is set, in scenarios where the
semi-static D/U assignment is configured to have a cycle period
having one D-X-U structure, since only the corresponding cycle
period needs to be considered, no problem occurs. However, in
scenarios where the semi-static D/U assignment is configured to
have one long cycle period, which is configured of a combination of
two short cycle periods having two D-X-U structures, ambiguity may
exist in carrying out the RRC configuration based on which specific
cycle period, As such, the following options may be implemented.
Option 1: The RRC configuration may be set to fit (or match) each
short cycle period of the semi-static D/U assignment. More
specifically, for example, two RRC configurations respectively
matching two short cycle periods are defined, and each RRC
configuration may be applied within each of the corresponding cycle
period. Option 2: The RRC configuration may be set to fit (or
match) one long semi-static cycle period, which is configured of
two short cycle periods. As compared to Option 1, since the
configuration is not set to match the two short cycle periods, it
may be difficult to accurately match the RRC configuration with the
semi-static D/U assignment. However, this option is advantageous in
that only one configuration may be set. Option 3: A unique RRC
configuration cycle period may be defined and set regardless of the
cycle period of the semi-static D/U assignment.
FIG. 18 illustrates an example of an RRC configuration of a
semi-static D/U assignment that merges two cycle periods, according
to some implementations.
Examples (a), (b), and (c) of FIG. 18 respectively illustrate
examples of applying option 1, option 2, and option 3. Herein, the
semi-static D/U assignment has a cycle period of X+Y.
Example (a) of FIG. 18 shows an example, wherein RRC configuration
1 is configured to have a cycle period X and RRC configuration 2 is
configured to have a cycle period Y. More specifically, 2 RRC
configurations are defined, and a separate cycle period (X and Y)
is defined for each RRC configuration, and a sum of the separate
cycle periods corresponding to each RRC configuration is equal to a
total cycle period (X+Y) of all RRC configurations. Herein, during
the total cycle period (X+Y), RRC configuration 1 and RRC
configuration 2 are separately applied.
Example (b) of FIG. 18 shows an example, wherein the RRC
configuration is configured to have a cycle period of X+Y, which is
the same as the cycle period of the semi-static D/U assignment.
More specifically, for exmaple, one RRC configuration has a cycle
period of X+Y, which is equivalent to the cycle period of the
semi-static D/U assignment.
According to example (c) of FIG. 18, the cycle period of the RRC
configuration may be configured independently from the cycle period
of the semi-static D/U assignment.
As described above, according to some implementations of the
present disclosure, provided herein is a method for configuring a
resource direction/slot format for a symbol and a slot enabling
scheduling that may provide improved flexibility.
Since the examples of the above-described technique may also be
included as one of the implementations of the present disclosure,
it will be apparent that the corresponding examples may be viewed
as other types of techniques. Additionally, although the
above-described techniques may be implemented independently, a
combination (or merging) of parts of the techniques may also be
implemented. For example, a rule may be defined for notifying
information on whether or not the techniques are applied (or
information on the rules for the techniques), by a base station, to
a user equipment (UE) by using a pre-defined signal (e.g., a
physical layer signal or a higher layer signal).
FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing an example of components of a
transmitting device and a receiving device according to some
implementations of the present disclosure. Here, the transmitting
device and the receiving device may be a base station and a
terminal.
In this example, the transmitting device 1810 and the receiving
device 1820 may respectively include transceivers 1812 and 1822
capable of transmitting or receiving radio frequency (RF) signals
carrying information, data, signals and messages, memories 1813 and
1823 for storing various types of information regarding
communication in a wireless communication system, and processors
1811 and 1821 connected to components such as the transceivers 1812
and 1822 and the memories 1813 and 1823 and configured to control
the memories 1813 and 1823 and/or the transceivers 1812 and 1822
such that the corresponding devices perform at least one of
implementations of the present disclosure.
The memories 18113 and 1823 can store programs for processing and
control of the processors 1811 and 1821 and temporarily store
input/output information. The memories 1813 and 1823 may be used as
buffers.
The processors 1811 and 1821 generally control overall operations
of various modules in the transmitting device and the receiving
device. Particularly, the processors 1811 and 1821 can execute
various control functions for implementing the present disclosure.
The processors 1811 and 1821 may be referred to as controllers,
microcontrollers, microprocessors, microcomputers, etc. The
processors 1811 and 1821 can be realized by hardware, firmware,
software or a combination thereof. When the present disclosure is
realized using hardware, the processors 1811 and 1821 may include
ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), DSPs (digital
signal processors), DSPDs (digital signal processing devices), PLDs
(programmable logic devices), FPGAs (field programmable gate
arrays) or the like configured to implement the present disclosure.
When the present disclosure is realized using firmware or software,
the firmware or software may be configured to include modules,
procedures or functions for performing functions or operations of
the present disclosure, and the firmware or software configured to
implement the present disclosure may be included in the processors
1811 and 1821 or stored in the memories 1813 and 1823 and executed
by the processors 1811 and 1821.
The at least one processor 1811 of the transmitting device 1810 can
perform predetermined coding and modulation on a signal and/or data
to be transmitted to the outside and then transmit the signal
and/or data to the transceiver 1812. For example, the at least one
processor 1811 can perform demultiplexing, channel coding,
scrambling and modulation on a data string to be transmitted to
generate a codeword. The codeword can include information
equivalent to a transport block which is a data block provided by
an MAC layer. One transport block (TB) can be coded into one
codeword. Each codeword can be transmitted to the receiving device
through one or more layers. The transceiver 1812 may include an
oscillator for frequency up-conversion. The transceiver 1812 may
include one or multiple transmission antennas.
The signal processing procedure of the receiving device 1820 may be
reverse to the signal processing procedure of the transmitting
device 1810. The transceiver 1822 of the receiving device 1820 can
receive RF signals transmitted from the transmitting device 1810
under the control of the at least one processor 1821. The
transceiver 1822 may include one or multiple reception antennas.
The transceiver 1822 can frequency-down-convert signals received
through the reception antennas to restore baseband signals. The
transceiver 1822 may include an oscillator for frequency down
conversion. The at least one processor 1821 can perform decoding
and demodulation on RF signals received through the reception
antennas to restore data that is intended to be transmitted by the
transmitting device 1810.
The transceivers 1812 and 1822 may include one or multiple
antennas. The antennas can transmit signals processed by the
transceivers 1812 and 1822 to the outside or receive RF signals
from the outside and deliver the RF signal to the transceivers 1812
and 1822 under the control of the processors 1811 and 1821
according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The
antennas may be referred to as antenna ports. Each antenna may
correspond to one physical antenna or may be configured by a
combination of a plurality of physical antenna elements. A signal
transmitted from each antenna cannot be decomposed by the receiving
device 1820. A reference signal (RS) transmitted corresponding to
an antenna defines an antenna from the viewpoint of the receiving
device 1820 and can allow the receiving device 1820 to be able to
estimate a channel with respect to the antenna irrespective of
whether the channel is a single radio channel from a physical
antenna or a composite channel from a plurality of physical antenna
elements including the antenna. That is, an antenna can be defined
such that a channel carrying a symbol on the antenna can be derived
from the channel over which another symbol on the same antenna is
transmitted. A transceiver which supports a multi-input
multi-output (MIMO) function of transmitting and receiving data
using a plurality of antennas may be connected to two or more
antennas.
FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a signal processing module
structure in a transmitting device, such as transmitting device
1810 of FIG. 19. Here, signal processing can be performed by a
processor of a base station/terminal, such as the processors 1811
and 1821 of FIG. 19.
Referring to the example of FIG. 20, the transmitting device
included in a terminal or a base station may include scramblers
301, modulators 302, a layer mapper 303, an antenna port mapper
304, resource block mappers 305 and signal generators 306.
The transmitting device can transmit one or more codewords. Coded
bits in each codeword are scrambled by the corresponding scrambler
301 and transmitted over a physical channel. A codeword may be
referred to as a data string and may be equivalent to a transport
block which is a data block provided by the MAC layer.
Scrambled bits are modulated into complex-valued modulation symbols
by the corresponding modulator 302. The modulator 302 can modulate
the scrambled bits according to a modulation scheme to arrange
complex-valued modulation symbols representing positions on a
signal constellation. The modulation scheme is not limited and
m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying) or m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude
Modulation) may be used to modulate the coded data. The modulator
may be referred to as a modulation mapper.
The complex-valued modulation symbols can be mapped to one or more
transport layers by the layer mapper 303. Complex-valued modulation
symbols on each layer can be mapped by the antenna port mapper 304
for transmission on an antenna port.
Each resource block mapper 305 can map complex-valued modulation
symbols with respect to each antenna port to appropriate resource
elements in a virtual resource block allocated for transmission.
The resource block mapper can map the virtual resource block to a
physical resource block according to an appropriate mapping scheme.
The resource block mapper 305 can allocate complex-valued
modulation symbols with respect to each antenna port to appropriate
subcarriers and multiplex the complex-valued modulation symbols
according to a user.
Each signal generator 306 can modulate complex-valued modulation
symbols with respect to each antenna port, that is,
antenna-specific symbols, according to a specific modulation
scheme, for example, OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing), to generate a complex-valued time domain OFDM symbol
signal. The signal generator can perform IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier
Transform) on the antenna-specific symbols, and a CP (cyclic
Prefix) can be inserted into time domain symbols on which IFFT has
been performed. OFDM symbols are subjected to digital-analog
conversion and frequency up-conversion and then transmitted to the
receiving device through each transmission antenna. The signal
generator may include an IFFT module, a CP inserting unit, a
digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and a frequency upconverter.
FIG. 21 illustrates another example of the signal processing module
structure in a transmitting device, such as transmitting device
1810 of FIG. 19. Here, signal processing can be performed by a
processor of a terminal/base station, such as the processors 1811
and 1821 of FIG. 19.
Referring to FIG. 21, the transmitting device included in a
terminal or a base station may include scramblers 401, modulators
402, a layer mapper 403, a precoder 404, resource block mappers 405
and signal generators 406.
The transmitting device can scramble coded bits in a codeword by
the corresponding scrambler 401 and then transmit the scrambled
coded bits through a physical channel.
Scrambled bits are modulated into complex-valued modulation symbols
by the corresponding modulator 402. The modulator can modulate the
scrambled bits according to a predetermined modulation scheme to
arrange complex-valued modulation symbols representing positions on
a signal constellation. The modulation scheme is not limited and
pi/2-BPSK (pi/2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift
Keying) or m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) may be used to
modulate the coded data.
The complex-valued modulation symbols can be mapped to one or more
transport layers by the layer mapper 403.
Complex-valued modulation symbols on each layer can be precoded by
the precoder 404 for transmission on an antenna port. Here, the
precoder may perform transform precoding on the complex-valued
modulation symbols and then perform precoding. Alternatively, the
precoder may perform precoding without performing transform
precoding. The precoder 404 can process the complex-valued
modulation symbols according to MIMO using multiple transmission
antennas to output antenna-specific symbols and distribute the
antenna-specific symbols to the corresponding resource block mapper
405. An output z of the precoder 404 can be obtained by multiplying
an output y of the layer mapper 403 by an N*M precoding matrix W.
Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of
layers.
Each resource block mapper 405 maps complex-valued modulation
symbols with respect to each antenna port to appropriate resource
elements in a virtual resource block allocated for
transmission.
The resource block mapper 405 can allocate complex-valued
modulation symbols to appropriate subcarriers and multiplex the
complex-valued modulation symbols according to a user.
Each signal generator 406 can modulate complex-valued modulation
symbols according to a specific modulation scheme, for example,
OFDM, to generate a complex-valued time domain OFDM symbol signal.
The signal generator 406 can perform IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier
Transform) on antenna-specific symbols, and a CP (cyclic Prefix)
can be inserted into time domain symbols on which IFFT has been
performed. OFDM symbols are subjected to digital-analog conversion
and frequency up-conversion and then transmitted to the receiving
device through each transmission antenna. The signal generator 406
may include an IFFT module, a CP inserting unit, a
digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and a frequency upconverter.
The signal processing procedure of a receiving device (e.g.,
receiving device 1820 of FIG. 19) may be the reverse to the signal
processing procedure of the transmitting device. Specifically,
referring back to the example of FIG. 19, the at least one
processor 1821 of the transmitting device 1810 decodes and
demodulates RF signals received through antenna ports of the
transceiver 1822. The receiving device 1820 may include a plurality
of reception antennas, and signals received through the reception
antennas are restored to baseband signals, and then multiplexed and
demodulated according to MIMO to be restored to a data string
intended to be transmitted by the transmitting device 1810. The
receiving device 1820 may include a signal restoration unit for
restoring received signals to baseband signals, a multiplexer for
combining and multiplexing received signals, and a channel
demodulator for demodulating multiplexed signal strings into
corresponding codewords. The signal restoration unit, the
multiplexer and the channel demodulator may be configured as an
integrated module or independent modules for executing functions
thereof. More specifically, the signal restoration unit may include
an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for converting an analog
signal into a digital signal, a CP removal unit for removing a CP
from the digital signal, an FET module for applying FFT (fast
Fourier transform) to the signal from which the CP has been removed
to output frequency domain symbols, and a resource element
demapper/equalizer for restoring the frequency domain symbols to
antenna-specific symbols. The antenna-specific symbols are restored
to transport layers by the multiplexer and the transport layers are
restored by the channel demodulator to codewords intended to be
transmitted by the transmitting device.
FIG. 22 illustrates an example of a wireless communication device
according to some implementations of the present disclosure.
Referring to the example of FIG. 22, the wireless communication
device, for example, a terminal may include at least one of at
least one processor 2310 such as a digital signal processor (DSP)
or a microprocessor, a transceiver 2335, a power management module
2305, an antenna 2340, a battery 2355, a display 2315, a keypad
2320, a global positioning system (GPS) chip 2360, a sensor 2365,
at least one memory 2330, a subscriber identification module (SIM)
card 2325, a speaker 2345 and a microphone 2350. A plurality of
antennas and a plurality of processors may be provided.
The at least one processor 2310 can implement functions, procedures
and methods described in the present disclosure. The at least one
processor 2310 in FIG. 22 may, for example, implement the
processors 1811 and 1821 in FIG. 19.
The at least one memory 2330 is connected to the at least one
processor 2310 and stores information related to operations of the
processor. The memory may be located inside or outside the
processor and connected to the processor through various techniques
such as wired connection and wireless connection. The at least one
memory 2330 in FIG. 22 may, for example, implement the memories
1813 and 1823 in FIG. 19.
A user can input various types of information such as telephone
numbers using various techniques such as pressing buttons of the
keypad 2320 or activating sound using the microphone 2350. The at
least one processor 2310 can receive and process user information
and execute an appropriate function such as calling using an input
telephone number. In some scenarios, data can be retrieved from the
SIM card 2325 or the at least one memory 2330 to execute
appropriate functions. In some scenarios, the at least one
processor 2310 can display various types of information and data on
the display 2315 for user convenience.
The transceiver 2335 is connected to the at least one processor
2310 and transmit and/or receive RF signals. The at least one
processor 2310 can control the transceiver 2335 in order to start
communication or to transmit RF signals including various types of
information or data such as voice communication data. The
transceiver 2335 may include a transmitter and a receiver for
transmitting and receiving RF signals. The antenna 2340 can
facilitate transmission and reception of RF signals. In some
implementation examples, when the transceiver 2335 receives an RF
signal, the transceiver 2335 can forward and convert the signal
into a baseband frequency for processing performed by the at least
one processor 2310. The signal can be processed through various
techniques such as converting into audible or readable information
to be output through the speaker 2345. The transceiver 2335 in FIG.
22 may, for example, implement the transceivers 1812 and 1822 in
FIG. 19.
In some implementations, in FIG. 22, various components such as a
camera and a universal serial bus (USB) port may be additionally
included in the terminal. For example, the camera may be connected
to the at least one processor 2310.
FIG. 22 is merely an example of implementations with respect to the
terminal, and implementations of the present disclosure are not
limited thereto. For example, a terminal need not necessarily
include all the components shown in FIG. 21. That is, some of the
components, for example, the keypad 2320, the GPS chip 2360, the
sensor 2365 and the SIM card 2325 may not be implemented in some
scenarios. In this case, they may not be included in the
terminal.
* * * * *